Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
January-2018 Volume 17 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2018 Volume 17 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Investigation of candidate genes and mechanisms underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis using bioinformatics analysis

  • Authors:
    • Xiaozhong Zhu
    • Zhiyuan Wang
    • Yanxun Zhao
    • Chao Jiang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1561-1572
    |
    Published online on: November 14, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.8045
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The present study aimed to determine candidate genes, chemicals and mechanisms underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). A gene expression profile (accession no. GSE68303), which included 12 tissue samples from ovariectomized mice (OVX group) and 11 normal tissue samples from sham surgery mice (control group), was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and Gene Ontology functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses, was performed, followed by an investigation of protein‑protein interactions (PPI), PPI modules, transcription factors (TFs) and chemicals. A total of 784 upregulated and 729 downregulated DEGs between the two groups were identified. Furthermore, 2 upregulated modules and 6 downregulated modules were determined. The upregulated DEGs in modules were enriched in ‘sensory perception of smell’ function and ‘olfactory transduction’ pathway, and a number of genes belonging to the olfactory receptor (OLFR) family were identified in upregulated modules. The downregulated DEGs in modules were enriched in ‘DNA replication initiation’ function and ‘cell cycle’ pathway. A total of 8 TFs, including SP1 TF (SP1) and protein C‑ets‑1 (ETS1), were associated with PMOP. Furthermore, estradiol and resveratrol were identified as key chemicals in the chemical‑gene interaction network. Therefore, TFs, including SP1 and ETS1, in addition to members of the OLFR gene family, may be employed as novel targets for treatment of PMOP. Furthermore, functions including ‘sensory perception of smell’ and ‘replication initiation’, and ‘olfactory transduction’ and ‘cell cycle’ pathways, may serve roles in PMOP. In addition, based on the chemical‑gene interaction network, estradiol and resveratrol may also be considered for the treatment PMOP.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Black DM and Rosen CJ: Clinical practice. Postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 374:254–262. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Wade SW, Strader C, Fitzpatrick LA, Anthony MS and O'Malley CD: Estimating prevalence of osteoporosis: Examples from industrialized countries. Arch Osteoporos. 9:1822014. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Kwun S, Laufgraben ML and Gopalakrishnan G: Prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist. 14:251–256. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Ralston SH: The genetics of osteoporosis. Br Med Bull. 90:2472015.

5 

Heiss C, Govindarajan P, Schlewitz G, Hemdan NY, Schliefke N, Alt V, Thormann U, Lips KS, Wenisch S, Langheinrich AC, et al: Induction of osteoporosis with its influence on osteoporotic determinants and their interrelationships in rats by DEXA. Med Sci Monit. 18:BR199–BR207. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar :

6 

Kenigsberg D and Hull ME: Bone calcium dynamics in women with declining estrogen levels. Springer Netherlands. 153–160. 1990.

7 

Eastell R: Prevention and management of osteoporosis. Medicine. 45:565–569. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Body JJ: How to manage postmenopausal osteoporosis? Acta Clin Belg. 66:443–447. 2011.

9 

Adler RA, El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Bauer DC, Camacho PM, Clarke BL, Clines GA, Compston JE, Drake MT, Edwards BJ, Favus MJ, et al: Managing osteoporosis in patients on Long-term bisphosphonate treatment: Report of a task force of the American society for bone and mineral research. J Bone Miner Res. 31:19102016. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Keen RW, Woodford-Richens KL, Lanchbury JS and Spector TD: Peak bone mass, early menopausal bone loss and polymorphism at the oestrogen receptor gene. Osteoporosis Int. 6:1021996. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Xie W, Ji L, Zhao T and Gao P: Identification of transcriptional factors and key genes in primary osteoporosis by DNA microarray. Med Sci Monit. 21:1333–1344. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar :

12 

Ma M, Luo S, Zhou W, Lu L, Cai J, Yuan F and Yin F: Bioinformatics analysis of gene expression profiles in B cells of postmenopausal osteoporosis patients. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 56:165–170. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Calabrese G, Mesner LD, Foley PL, Rosen CJ and Farber CR: Network analysis implicates alpha-synuclein (Snca) in the regulation of Ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Sci Rep. 6:294752016. View Article : Google Scholar :

14 

Irizarry RA, Hobbs B, Collin F, Beazer-Barclay YD, Antonellis KJ, Scherf U and Speed TP: Exploration, normalization, and summaries of high density oligonucleotide array probe level data. Biostatistics. 4:249–264. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Gautier L, Cope L, Bolstad BM and Irizarry RA: Affy-analysis of Affymetrix GeneChip data at the probe level. Bioinformatics. 20:307–315. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Diboun I, Wernisch L, Orengo CA and Koltzenburg M: Microarray analysis after RNA amplification can detect pronounced differences in gene expression using limma. BMC Genomics. 7:2522006. View Article : Google Scholar :

17 

Wang L, Cao C, Ma Q, Zeng Q, Wang H, Cheng Z, Zhu G, Qi J, Ma H, Nian H and Wang Y: RNA-seq analyses of multiple meristems of soybean: Novel and alternative transcripts, evolutionary and functional implications. BMC Plant Biol. 14:1692014. View Article : Google Scholar :

18 

Szklarczyk D, Franceschini A, Kuhn M, Simonovic M, Roth A, Minguez P, Doerks T, Stark M, Muller J, Bork P, et al: The STRING database in 2011: Functional interaction networks of proteins, globally integrated and scored. Nucleic Acids Res. 39:(Database Issue). D561–D568. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Chatr-Aryamontri A, Breitkreutz BJ, Oughtred R, Boucher L, Heinicke S, Chen D, Stark C, Breitkreutz A, Kolas N, O'Donnell L, et al: The BioGRID interaction database: 2015 update. Nucleic Acids Res. 43:(Database Issue). D470–D478. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Calderone A, Castagnoli L and Cesareni G: Mentha: A resource for browsing integrated protein-interaction networks. Nat Methods. 10:690–691. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Liu B and Hu B: HPRD: A High performance RDF database. Springer Berlin Heidelberg; pp. 364–374. 2007

22 

Shannon P, Markiel A, Ozier O, Baliga NS, Wang JT, Ramage D, Amin N, Schwikowski B and Ideker T: Cytoscape: A software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks. Genome Res. 13:2498–2504. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar :

23 

Sharma D and Surolia A: Degree CentralityEncyclopedia of Systems Biology. Dubitzky W, Wolkenhauer O, Cho KH and Yokota H: Springer New York; New York, NY: pp. 558. 2013, View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Wang J, Ren J, Li M and Wu FX: Identification of hierarchical and overlapping functional modules in PPI networks. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience. 11:386–393. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Gene Ontology Consortium: The gene ontology (GO) project in 2006. Nucleic Acids Res. 34:(Database Issue). D322–D326. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Ogata H, Goto S, Sato K, Fujibuchi W, Bono H and Kanehisa M: KEGG: Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 27:29–34. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar :

27 

Davis AP, Grondin CJ, Lennon-Hopkins K, Saraceni-Richards C, Sciaky D, King BL, Wiegers TC and Mattingly CJ: The comparative toxicogenomics database's 10th year anniversary: Update 2015. Nucleic Acids Res. 43:(Database Issue). D914–D920. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Verbruggen SW, Vaughan TJ and Mcnamara LM: Mechanisms of osteocyte stimulation in osteoporosis. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 62:158–168. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Xu XC, Chen H, Zhang X, Zhai ZJ, Liu XQ, Zheng XY, Zhang J, Qin A and Lu EY: Effects of oestrogen deficiency on the alveolar bone of rats with experimental periodontitis. Mol Med Rep. 12:3494–3502. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar :

30 

Katagiri T and Watabe T: Bone morphogenetic proteins. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 8:pii:a0218992016. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Shou J, Murray RC, Rim PC and Calof AL: Opposing effects of bone morphogenetic proteins on neuron production and survival in the olfactory receptor neuron lineage. Development. 127:5403–5413. 2000.

32 

Hussain A, Saraiva LR and Korsching SI: Positive Darwinian selection and the birth of an olfactory receptor clade in teleosts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 106:4313–4318. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar :

33 

Wineland A, Blitz IL, Murray RC and Calof AL: A transgenic approach for determining the role of bone morphogenetic proteins in the development of olfactory receptor neurons. Developmental Biol. 271:2004.

34 

Galand P, Rodesch F, Leroy F and Chretien J: Altered duration of DNA synthesis and cell cycle in non-target tissues of mice treated with oestrogen. Nature. 216:1211–1212. 1967. View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Javanmoghadam S, Zhang W, Hunt KK and Keyomarsi K: Estrogen receptor alpha is cell cycle-regulated and regulates the cell cycle in a ligand-dependent fashion. Cell Cycle. 15:1579–1590. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar :

36 

Surhone LM, Tennoe MT and Henssonow SF: Sp1 Transcription Factor. Betascript Publishing; 2016

37 

Zhang Y, Hassan MQ, Xie RL, Hawse JR, Spelsberg TC, Montecino M, Stein JL, Lian JB, van Wijnen AJ and Stein GS: Co-stimulation of the bone-related Runx2 P1 promoter in mesenchymal cells by SP1 and ETS transcription factors at polymorphic purine-rich DNA sequences (Y-repeats). J Biol Chem. 284:3125–3135. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar :

38 

Ralston SH, Uitterlinden AG, Brandi ML, Balcells S, Langdahl BL, Lips P, Lorenc R, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Scollen S, Bustamante M, et al: Large-scale evidence for the effect of the COLIA1 Sp1 polymorphism on osteoporosis outcomes: The GENOMOS study. PLoS Med. 3:e902006. View Article : Google Scholar :

39 

Dwyer J, Li H, Xu D and Liu JP: Transcriptional regulation of telomerase activity: Roles of the the Ets transcription factor family. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1114:36–47. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Gao Y, Ganss BW, Wang H, Kitching RE and Seth A: The RING finger protein RNF11 is expressed in bone cells during osteogenesis and is regulated by Ets1. Exp Cell Res. 304:127–135. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Almeida MQ, Tsang KM, Cheadle C, Watkins T, Grivel JC, Nesterova M, Goldbach-Mansky R and Stratakis CA: Protein kinase A regulates caspase-1 via Ets-1 in bone stromal cell-derived lesions: A link between cyclic AMP and pro-inflammatory pathways in osteoblast progenitors. Hum Mol Genet. 20:165–175. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Sutter W, Stein E, Koehn J, Schmidl C, Lezaic V, Ewers R and Turhani D: Effect of different biomaterials on the expression pattern of the transcription factor Ets2 in bone-like constructs. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 37:263–271. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Kuhl H: Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: Influence of different routes of administration. Climacteric. 8 Suppl 1:S3–S63. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Klein-Nulend J, van Oers RF, Bakker AD and Bacabac RG: Bone cell mechanosensitivity, estrogen deficiency, and osteoporosis. J Biomech. 48:855–865. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Cooley J, Broderick TL, Al-Nakkash L and Plochocki JH: Effects of resveratrol treatment on bone and cartilage in obese diabetic mice. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 14:102015. View Article : Google Scholar :

46 

Tou JC: Evaluating resveratrol as a therapeutic bone agent: Preclinical evidence from rat models of osteoporosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1348:75–85. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Lee AM, Shandala T, Soo PP, Su YW, King TJ, Chen KM, Howe PR and Xian CJ: Effects of resveratrol supplementation on methotrexate Chemotherapy-induced Bone Loss. Nutrients. 9:pii: E255. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhu X, Wang Z, Zhao Y and Jiang C: Investigation of candidate genes and mechanisms underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis using bioinformatics analysis. Mol Med Rep 17: 1561-1572, 2018.
APA
Zhu, X., Wang, Z., Zhao, Y., & Jiang, C. (2018). Investigation of candidate genes and mechanisms underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis using bioinformatics analysis. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 1561-1572. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.8045
MLA
Zhu, X., Wang, Z., Zhao, Y., Jiang, C."Investigation of candidate genes and mechanisms underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis using bioinformatics analysis". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.1 (2018): 1561-1572.
Chicago
Zhu, X., Wang, Z., Zhao, Y., Jiang, C."Investigation of candidate genes and mechanisms underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis using bioinformatics analysis". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 1 (2018): 1561-1572. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.8045
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhu X, Wang Z, Zhao Y and Jiang C: Investigation of candidate genes and mechanisms underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis using bioinformatics analysis. Mol Med Rep 17: 1561-1572, 2018.
APA
Zhu, X., Wang, Z., Zhao, Y., & Jiang, C. (2018). Investigation of candidate genes and mechanisms underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis using bioinformatics analysis. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 1561-1572. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.8045
MLA
Zhu, X., Wang, Z., Zhao, Y., Jiang, C."Investigation of candidate genes and mechanisms underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis using bioinformatics analysis". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.1 (2018): 1561-1572.
Chicago
Zhu, X., Wang, Z., Zhao, Y., Jiang, C."Investigation of candidate genes and mechanisms underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis using bioinformatics analysis". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 1 (2018): 1561-1572. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.8045
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team