Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
February-2018 Volume 17 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February-2018 Volume 17 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

The antibacterial effect of topical ozone on the treatment of MRSA skin infection

  • Authors:
    • Mingsheng Song
    • Qinghai Zeng
    • Yaping Xiang
    • Lihua Gao
    • Jian Huang
    • Jinhua Huang
    • Kathy Wu
    • Jianyun Lu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China, Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Song et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 2449-2455
    |
    Published online on: November 24, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.8148
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Skin can be infected by many types of microorganisms, most commonly by gram‑positive strains of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus spp. Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections, particularly that of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is a challenge in clinical practice. Ozone therapy has proven to be one of the strongest antiseptics against the majority of microorganisms involved in skin infections. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the microbicidal effects of topical ozone therapy on S. aureus and MRSA, and determine the clinical efficacy of ozone therapy on patients with MRSA skin infection. Microbicidal effects of ozonated oil and ozonated water were determined by plating and Kirby Bauer methods. Clinical efficacy and safety of topical ozone were evaluated in two cases with skin MRSA infection. The killing rates of ozonated oil for S. aureus and MRSA were greater when compared with the control oil group. Almost 100% of S. aureus were eliminated by ozonated oil following 5 min. Almost 100% MRSA were eliminated by ozonated oil following 15 min. In addition, 100% S. aureus and 100% MRSA were eliminated by ozonated water in 1 min. The inhibition zone diameters of ozonated oil for S. aureus and MRSA were 17 and 13 mm, respectively, which were significantly larger than the control group. Both cases of skin MRSA infection were completely healed with ozone therapy. In conclusion, ozone therapy is a potential treatment for S. aureus and MRSA skin infection as it has great efficacy, few side effects and low‑costs.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Dréno B, Araviiskaia E, Berardesca E, Gontijo G, Sanchez Viera M, Xiang LF, Martin R and Bieber T: Microbiome in healthy skin, update for dermatologists. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 30:2038–2047. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Diaz JH and Lopez FA: Skin, soft tissue and systemic bacterial infections following aquatic injuries and exposures. Am J Med Sci. 349:269–275. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Sully EK and Geller BL: Antisense antimicrobial therapeutics. Curr Opin Microbiol. 33:47–55. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Yang X, Zhang J, Yu S, Wu Q, Guo W, Huang J and Cai S: Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in retail ready-to-eat foods in China. Front Microbiol. 7:8162016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Miller WR, Bayer AS and Arias CA: Mechanism of action and resistance to daptomycin in Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 6:pii: a0269972016. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Greene AK, Few BK and Serafini JC: A comparison of ozonation and chlorination for the disinfection of stainless steel surfaces. J Dairy Sci. 76:3617–3620. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Fiessinger F, Richard Y, Montiel A and Musquere P: Advantages and disadvantages of chemical oxidation and disinfection by ozone and chlorine dioxide. Sci Total Environ. 18:245–261. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Stalder K and Klosterkötter W: Studies on the reappearing of a bacterial flora in drinking water after ozonization (author's transl). Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig B. 161:474–481. 1976.(In German). PubMed/NCBI

9 

Liu J, Zhang P, Tian J, Li L, Li J, Tian JH and Yang K: Ozone therapy for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: Cd008474. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Bassi P, Sbrascini S, Mattassi R, D'Angelo F and Franchina A: Ozone in the treatment of herpes zoster. Riv Neurobiol. 28:328–333. 1982.(In Italian). PubMed/NCBI

11 

Moureu S, Violleau F, Ali Haimoud-Lekhal D and Calmon A: Ozonation of sunflower oils: Impact of experimental conditions on the composition and the antibacterial activity of ozonized oils. Chem Phys Lipids. 186:79–85. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Zhong J, Allen K, Rao X, Ying Z, Braunstein Z, Kankanala SR, Xia C, Wang X, Bramble LA, Wagner JG, et al: Repeated ozone exposure exacerbates insulin resistance and activates innate immune response in genetically susceptible mice. Inhal Toxicol. 28:383–392. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Farac RV, Pizzolitto AC, Tanomaru JM, Morgental RD, Lima RK and Bonetti-Filho I: Ex-vivo effect of intracanal medications based on ozone and calcium hydroxide in root canals contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. Braz Dent J. 24:103–106. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Heß S and Gallert C: Sensitivity of antibiotic resistant and antibiotic susceptible Escherichia coli, Enterococcus and Staphylococcus strains against ozone. J Water Health. 13:1020–1028. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Sharma M and Hudson JB: Ozone gas is an effective and practical antibacterial agent. Am J Infect Control. 36:559–563. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Gadzhiev ND, Nasirov Mla, Sushkov SV and Klimova EM: Effect of combined and local cytokine- and ozone therapy on the indices of lipid peroxidation, endogenous intoxication and ferroproteins in diffuse peritonitis. Vestn Khir Im I I Grek. 173:38–41. 2014.(In Russian). PubMed/NCBI

17 

Kolesova OE, Vasil'ev IT, Volkhovskaia NB, Mumladze RB, Tkachenko SB and Savina GD: Correction of the antioxidative system during ozone therapy in peritonitis. Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk. 34–39. 2010.(In Russian). PubMed/NCBI

18 

Tamai M, Matsushita S, Miyanohara H, Imuta N, Ikeda R, Kawai K, Nishi J, Sakamoto A, Shigihara T and Kanekura T: Antimicrobial effect of an ultrasonic levitation washer disinfector with silver electrolysis and ozone oxidation on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Dermatol. 40:1020–1026. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Solovăstru LG, Stîncanu A, De Ascentii A, Capparé G, Mattana P and Vâţă D: Randomized, controlled study of innovative spray formulation containing ozonated oil and α-bisabolol in the topical treatment of chronic venous leg ulcers. Adv Skin Wound Care. 28:406–409. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Gulmen S, Kurtoglu T, Meteoglu I, Kaya S and Okutan H: Ozone therapy as an adjunct to vancomycin enhances bacterial elimination in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus mediastinitis. J Surg Res. 185:64–69. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Al-Saadi H, Potapova I, Rochford ET, Moriarty TF and Messmer P: Ozonated saline shows activity against planktonic and biofilm growing Staphylococcus aureus in vitro: A potential irrigant for infected wounds. Int Wound J. 13:936–942. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Wilczyńska-Borawska M, Leszczyńska K, Nowosielski C and Stokowska W: Ozone in dentistry: Microbiological effects of gas action depending on the method and the time of application using the ozonytron device. Experimental study. Ann Acad Med Stetin. 57:99–103. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Yamayoshi T and Tatsumi N: Microbicidal effects of ozone solution on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 19:59–64. 1993.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Almaz ME and Sönmez IŞ: Ozone therapy in the management and prevention of caries. J Formos Med Assoc. 114:3–11. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Komanapalli IR and Lau BH: Inactivation of bacteriophage lambda, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans by ozone. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 49:766–769. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Gierek-Lapińska A, Antoszewski Z, Myga B and Skowron J: Preliminary report on using therapeutic ozone in infectious conjunctivitis and keratitis and in corneal degeneration. Klin Oczna. 94:137–138. 1992.(In Polish). PubMed/NCBI

27 

Erginel B, Erginel T, Aksoy B and Dokucu AI: Effect of Ozone Therapy (OT) on healing of colonic anastomosis in a rat model of peritonitis. Balkan Med J. 31:249–253. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Parkhisenko IuA and Glukhov AA: Use of ozone therapy and hydro-pressure technologies in complex intensive therapy of surgical sepsis. Khirurgiia (Mosk). 55–58. 2001.(In Russian). PubMed/NCBI

29 

Verrazzo G, Coppola L, Luongo C, Sammartino A, Giunta R, Grassia A, Ragone R and Tirelli A: Hyperbaric oxygen, oxygen-ozone therapy, and rheologic parameters of blood in patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease. Undersea Hyperb Med. 22:17–22. 1995.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Bocci VA: Scientific and medical aspects of ozone therapy. State of the art. Arch Med Res. 37:425–435. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Zhang J, Guan M, Xie C, Luo X, Zhang Q and Xue Y: Increased growth factors play a role in wound healing promoted by noninvasive oxygen-ozone therapy in diabetic patients with foot ulcers. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014:2734752014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Kazancioglu HO, Kurklu E and Ezirganli S: Effects of ozone therapy on pain, swelling, and trismus following third molar surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 43:644–648. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Noor S, Khan RU and Ahmad J: Understanding diabetic foot infection and its management. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 11:149–156. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Kateel R, Adhikari P, Augustine AJ and Ullal S: Topical honey for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer: A systematic review. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 24:130–133. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Reveles KR, Duhon BM, Moore RJ, Hand EO and Howell CK: Epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus diabetic foot infections in a large academic hospital: Implications for antimicrobial stewardship. PLoS One. 11:e01616582016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Gazin IK: Pathophysiological aspects of endotoxicosis complicated with purulent infection of the foot and correction of endotoxicosis with conventional treatment and with application of ozonized physiological solution in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. Patol Fiziol Eksp Ter. 23–25. 2008.(In Russian). PubMed/NCBI

37 

Martínez-Sánchez G, Al-Dalain SM, Menéndez S, Re L, Giuliani A, Candelario-Jalil E, Alvarez H, Fernández-Montequín JI and León OS: Therapeutic efficacy of ozone in patients with diabetic foot. Eur J Pharmacol. 523:151–161. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Al-Dalain SM, Martínez G, Candelario-Jalil E, Menéndez S, Re L, Giuliani A and León OS: Ozone treatment reduces markers of oxidative and endothelial damage in an experimental diabetes model in rats. Pharmacol Res. 44:391–396. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Bialoszewski D, Pietruczuk-Padzik A, Kalicinska A, Bocian E, Czajkowska M, Bukowska B and Tyski S: Activity of ozonated water and ozone against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Med Sci Monit. 17:BR339–BR344. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Burke FJ: Ozone and caries: A review of the literature. Dent Update. 39:271–272, 275–278. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Valacchi G, Zanardi I, Lim Y, Belmonte G, Miracco C, Sticozzi C, Bocci V and Travagli V: Ozonated oils as functional dermatological matrices: Effects on the wound healing process using SKH1 mice. Int J Pharm. 458:65–73. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Pai SA, Gagangras SA, Kulkarni SS and Majumdar AS: Potential of ozonated sesame oil to augment wound healing in rats. Indian J Pharm Sci. 76:87–92. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

43 

Zhang YB, Xiang YP, Huang JH, Gao L, Chen M, Kathy W, Li M, Chen J, Yang S and Lu J: Combined ozone hydrotherapy for atopic dermatitis: Evaluation of efficacy and detection of interleukin-4 and nerve growth factor levels in peripheral blood from patients before and after treatment. Chin J Dermatol. 49:736–738. 2016.(In Chinese).

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Song M, Zeng Q, Xiang Y, Gao L, Huang J, Huang J, Wu K and Lu J: The antibacterial effect of topical ozone on the treatment of MRSA skin infection. Mol Med Rep 17: 2449-2455, 2018.
APA
Song, M., Zeng, Q., Xiang, Y., Gao, L., Huang, J., Huang, J. ... Lu, J. (2018). The antibacterial effect of topical ozone on the treatment of MRSA skin infection. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 2449-2455. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.8148
MLA
Song, M., Zeng, Q., Xiang, Y., Gao, L., Huang, J., Huang, J., Wu, K., Lu, J."The antibacterial effect of topical ozone on the treatment of MRSA skin infection". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.2 (2018): 2449-2455.
Chicago
Song, M., Zeng, Q., Xiang, Y., Gao, L., Huang, J., Huang, J., Wu, K., Lu, J."The antibacterial effect of topical ozone on the treatment of MRSA skin infection". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 2 (2018): 2449-2455. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.8148
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Song M, Zeng Q, Xiang Y, Gao L, Huang J, Huang J, Wu K and Lu J: The antibacterial effect of topical ozone on the treatment of MRSA skin infection. Mol Med Rep 17: 2449-2455, 2018.
APA
Song, M., Zeng, Q., Xiang, Y., Gao, L., Huang, J., Huang, J. ... Lu, J. (2018). The antibacterial effect of topical ozone on the treatment of MRSA skin infection. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 2449-2455. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.8148
MLA
Song, M., Zeng, Q., Xiang, Y., Gao, L., Huang, J., Huang, J., Wu, K., Lu, J."The antibacterial effect of topical ozone on the treatment of MRSA skin infection". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.2 (2018): 2449-2455.
Chicago
Song, M., Zeng, Q., Xiang, Y., Gao, L., Huang, J., Huang, J., Wu, K., Lu, J."The antibacterial effect of topical ozone on the treatment of MRSA skin infection". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 2 (2018): 2449-2455. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.8148
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team