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Article

Grifolic acid induces mitochondrial membrane potential loss and cell death of RAW264.7 macrophages

  • Authors:
    • Yufeng Zhao
    • Hai Zhang
    • Aili Yan
    • Juanxia Zhu
    • Ke Liu
    • Di Chen
    • Rong Xie
    • Xi Xu
    • Xingli Su
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China, Laboratory Animal Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
  • Pages: 3281-3287
    |
    Published online on: December 7, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.8218
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Abstract

Grifolic acid is a phenolic compound that was first extracted from the mushroom Albatrellus confluens; it acts as an agonist of the free fatty acid receptor (FFAR4). FFAR4 is expressed in macrophages and mediates the anti‑inflammatory effects of n‑3 unsaturated free fatty acids. In the present study, the effects of grifolic acid on macrophages were observed in mouse RAW264.7 cells. It was demonstrated that grifolic acid (2.5‑20 µmol/l) treatment reduced RAW264.7 cell viability in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. The number of apoptotic cells significantly increased following grifolic acid treatment compared with the untreated control cells. Grifolic acid treatment resulted in a significant decrease in cellular adenosine 5'‑triphosphate (ATP) content in RAW264.7 cells. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), as measured by JC‑1 staining, was significantly diminished by grifolic acid treatment in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. Treatment with cyclosporine A, a protector of MMP, attenuated grifolic acid‑induced reduction of MMP and viability in RAW264.7 cells. FFAR4 knockdown did not significantly influence grifolic acid‑induced reduction of cell viability, ATP levels or MMP. In conclusion, grifolic acid may induce macrophage cell death by reducing MMP and by inhibiting ATP production probably in an FFAR4‑independent manner.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhao Y, Zhang H, Yan A, Zhu J, Liu K, Chen D, Xie R, Xu X and Su X: Grifolic acid induces mitochondrial membrane potential loss and cell death of RAW264.7 macrophages. Mol Med Rep 17: 3281-3287, 2018.
APA
Zhao, Y., Zhang, H., Yan, A., Zhu, J., Liu, K., Chen, D. ... Su, X. (2018). Grifolic acid induces mitochondrial membrane potential loss and cell death of RAW264.7 macrophages. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 3281-3287. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.8218
MLA
Zhao, Y., Zhang, H., Yan, A., Zhu, J., Liu, K., Chen, D., Xie, R., Xu, X., Su, X."Grifolic acid induces mitochondrial membrane potential loss and cell death of RAW264.7 macrophages". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.2 (2018): 3281-3287.
Chicago
Zhao, Y., Zhang, H., Yan, A., Zhu, J., Liu, K., Chen, D., Xie, R., Xu, X., Su, X."Grifolic acid induces mitochondrial membrane potential loss and cell death of RAW264.7 macrophages". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 2 (2018): 3281-3287. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.8218
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhao Y, Zhang H, Yan A, Zhu J, Liu K, Chen D, Xie R, Xu X and Su X: Grifolic acid induces mitochondrial membrane potential loss and cell death of RAW264.7 macrophages. Mol Med Rep 17: 3281-3287, 2018.
APA
Zhao, Y., Zhang, H., Yan, A., Zhu, J., Liu, K., Chen, D. ... Su, X. (2018). Grifolic acid induces mitochondrial membrane potential loss and cell death of RAW264.7 macrophages. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 3281-3287. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.8218
MLA
Zhao, Y., Zhang, H., Yan, A., Zhu, J., Liu, K., Chen, D., Xie, R., Xu, X., Su, X."Grifolic acid induces mitochondrial membrane potential loss and cell death of RAW264.7 macrophages". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.2 (2018): 3281-3287.
Chicago
Zhao, Y., Zhang, H., Yan, A., Zhu, J., Liu, K., Chen, D., Xie, R., Xu, X., Su, X."Grifolic acid induces mitochondrial membrane potential loss and cell death of RAW264.7 macrophages". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 2 (2018): 3281-3287. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.8218
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