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Article Open Access

Isoflurane reduces pain and inhibits apoptosis of myocardial cells through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway in mice during cardiac surgery

Retraction in: /10.3892/mmr.2025.13579
Retraction in: /10.3892/mmr.2025.13579
  • Authors:
    • Zhibing Pi
    • Hai Lin
    • Jianping Yang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Anesthesiology of The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China, Department of Anesthesiology of The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Pi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 6497-6505
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    Published online on: February 27, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8642
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Abstract

Heart bypass surgery is the most common treatment for myocardial ischemia. Clinical investigations have revealed that isoflurane anesthesia is efficient to alleviate pain during cardiac surgery, including heart bypass surgery. Previous studies have revealed the protective effects of isoflurane on myocardial cells of patients with myocardial ischemia during the perioperative period. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the protective effects of isoflurane on myocardial cells in mice with myocardial ischemia. ELISA, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to analyze the effects of isoflurane anesthesia on myocardial cells. Briefly, myocardial cell apoptosis and viability, pain, phosphoinositide 3‑kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway expression and the pharmacodynamics of isoflurane were studied in mice treated with isoflurane for heart bypass surgery. The results demonstrated that isoflurane anesthesia efficiently attenuated pain in mice during surgery. Viability and apoptosis of myocardial cells was also improved by isoflurane in vitro and in vivo. The PI3K/AKT pathway was upregulated in myocardial cells on day 3 post‑operation. Mechanistically, isoflurane promoted PI3K/AKT activation, upregulated B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated X protein and Bcl‑2 expression levels, and reduced the expression levels of caspase‑3 and caspase‑8 in myocardial cells. In conclusion, the findings indicated that isoflurane is beneficial for pain attenuation and inhibits apoptosis of myocardial cells via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in mice during cardiac surgery.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Pi Z, Lin H and Yang J: Isoflurane reduces pain and inhibits apoptosis of myocardial cells through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway in mice during cardiac surgery Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2025.13579 Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2025.13579. Mol Med Rep 17: 6497-6505, 2018.
APA
Pi, Z., Lin, H., & Yang, J. (2018). Isoflurane reduces pain and inhibits apoptosis of myocardial cells through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway in mice during cardiac surgery Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2025.13579 Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2025.13579. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 6497-6505. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8642
MLA
Pi, Z., Lin, H., Yang, J."Isoflurane reduces pain and inhibits apoptosis of myocardial cells through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway in mice during cardiac surgery Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2025.13579 Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2025.13579". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.5 (2018): 6497-6505.
Chicago
Pi, Z., Lin, H., Yang, J."Isoflurane reduces pain and inhibits apoptosis of myocardial cells through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway in mice during cardiac surgery Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2025.13579 Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2025.13579". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 5 (2018): 6497-6505. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8642
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Pi Z, Lin H and Yang J: Isoflurane reduces pain and inhibits apoptosis of myocardial cells through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway in mice during cardiac surgery Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2025.13579 Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2025.13579. Mol Med Rep 17: 6497-6505, 2018.
APA
Pi, Z., Lin, H., & Yang, J. (2018). Isoflurane reduces pain and inhibits apoptosis of myocardial cells through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway in mice during cardiac surgery Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2025.13579 Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2025.13579. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 6497-6505. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8642
MLA
Pi, Z., Lin, H., Yang, J."Isoflurane reduces pain and inhibits apoptosis of myocardial cells through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway in mice during cardiac surgery Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2025.13579 Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2025.13579". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.5 (2018): 6497-6505.
Chicago
Pi, Z., Lin, H., Yang, J."Isoflurane reduces pain and inhibits apoptosis of myocardial cells through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway in mice during cardiac surgery Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2025.13579 Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2025.13579". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 5 (2018): 6497-6505. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8642
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