Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
September-2018 Volume 18 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2018 Volume 18 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Astragalin and dihydromyricetin as adjuncts to histidine‑tryptophan‑ketoglutarate cardioplegia enhances protection during cardioplegic arrest

  • Authors:
    • Dong Wang
    • Xinjie Zhang
    • Daoxu Qu
    • Jichun Han
    • Fanqing Meng
    • Minglei Xu
    • Qiusheng Zheng
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China, Department of Clinical College of Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
  • Pages: 2929-2936
    |
    Published online on: July 5, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9254
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The present study used an in vitro model of cold cardioplegia in isolated working rat hearts to evaluate the possible effects of two flavonoids, astragalin and dihydromyricetin, as adjuncts to histidine‑tryptophan‑ketoglutarate (HTK) cardioplegia. The following three groups of male Sprague Dawley rats were evaluated: The HTK group, treated with HTK alone; the HTK‑A group, treated with 10 µmol/l astragalin; and the HTK‑D group, treated with 10 µmol/l dihydromyricetin. Isolated rat hearts were perfused with Krebs‑Henseleit buffer for 30 min and incubated with the respective cardioplegic solution for 6 h at 4˚C. Subsequently, astragalin or dihydromyricetin was added to the cardioplegic solutions. Following 30 min of reperfusion, the left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), maximum up/down rate of left ventricular pressure (±dp/dtmax) and heart rate were documented as indices of myocardial function using a physiological recorder. Myocardial infarct size (IS) was estimated using 2,3,5‑triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) levels were also determined to assess the degree of cardiac injury. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis analysis was performed using an in situ cell death detection kit. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin‑6 (IL‑6), tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), C‑reactive protein (CRP) levels, as well as the glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) ratio were determined and analyzed using ELISA kits. The protein levels of caspase‑9 and B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2) were determined using western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that exposure to astragalin or dihydromyricetin significantly improved the recovery of LVDP (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively), the +dP/dtmax (P<0.05 for dihydromyricetin only) and the ‑dP/dtmax (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively), increased SOD levels (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively) and GSH/GSSG ratios (P<0.05), reduced myocardial IS (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively), decreased CK, LDH, IL‑6 (all P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively), MDA (P<0.05), CRP (P<0.05) and TNF‑α levels (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively), increased Bcl‑2 levels (P<0.01) and decreased caspase‑9 levels (P<0.01). The results indicated that the addition of either flavonoid (particularly dihydromyricetin) to HTK enhances protection during ischemia, decreases myocardial dysfunction by enhancing anti‑inflammatory activities, attenuates myocardial oxidative injury and prevents apoptosis during ischemia/reperfusion.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Smit FE and Dohmen PM: Bio-artificial heart as ultimate treatment of end-stage heart failure. Med Sci Monit Basic Res. 20:161–163. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Tan M, Sun X, Guo L, Su C, Sun X and Xu Z: Hydrogen as additive of HTK solution fortifies myocardial preservation in grafts with prolonged cold ischemia. Int J Cardiol. 167:383–390. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Nakao A, Kaczorowski DJ, Wang Y, Cardinal JS, Buchholz BM, Sugimoto R, Tobita K, Lee S, Toyoda Y, Billiar TR and McCurry KR: Amelioration of rat cardiac cold ischemia/reperfusion injury with inhaled hydrogen or carbon monoxide, or both. J Heart Lung Transplant. 29:544–553. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Taylor MJ and Baicu SC: Current state of hypothermic machine perfusion preservation of organs: The clinical perspective. Cryobiology. 60 3 Suppl:S20–S35. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Alves MG, Soares AF, Carvalho RA and Oliveira PJ: Sodium hydrosulfide improves the protective potential of the cardioplegic histidine buffer solution. Eur J Pharmacol. 654:60–67. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Fridell JA, Mangus RS and Tector AJ: Clinical experience with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution in abdominal organ preservation: A review of recent literature. Clin Transplant. 23:305–312. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Guibert EE, Petrenko AY, Balaban CL, Somov AY, Rodriguez JV and Fuller BJ: Organ preservation: Current concepts and new strategies for the next decade. Transfus Med Hemother. 38:125–142. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Hackenhaar FS, Fumagalli F, Li Volti G, Sorrenti V, Russo I, Staszewsky L, Masson S, Latini R and Ristagno G: Relationship between post-cardiac arrest myocardial oxidative stress and myocardial dysfunction in the rat. J Biomed Sci. 21:702014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Koch A, Loganathan S, Radovits T, Sack FU, Karck M and Szabó GB: Deferoxamine, the newly developed iron chelator LK-614 and N-alpha-acetyl-histidine in myocardial protection. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 10:181–184. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Cho IH, Gong JH, Kang MK, Lee EJ, Park JH, Park SJ and Kang YH: Astragalin inhibits airway eotaxin-1 induction and epithelial apoptosis through modulating oxidative stress-responsive MAPK signaling. BMC Pulm Med. 14:1222014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Collard CD and Gelman S: Pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Anesthesiology. 94:1133–1138. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Chhabra P, Linden J, Lobo P, Okusa MD and Brayman KL: The immunosuppressive role of adenosine A2A receptors in ischemia reperfusion injury and islet transplantation. Curr Diabetes Rev. 8:419–433. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Semmelmann A, Neeff H, Sommer O, Thomusch O, Hopt UT and von Dobschuetz E: Evaluation of preservation solutions by ESR-spectroscopy: Superior effects of university of wisconsin over histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate in reducing renal reactive oxygen species. Kidney Int. 71:875–881. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Rauen U, Klempt S and de Groot H: Histidine-induced injury to cultured liver cells, effects of histidine derivatives and of iron chelators. Cell Mol Life Sci. 64:192–205. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Choi J, Kang HJ, Kim SZ, Kwon TO, Jeong SI and Jang SI: Antioxidant effect of astragalin isolated from the leaves of morus alba L. against free radical-induced oxidative hemolysis of human red blood cells. Arch Pharm Res. 36:912–917. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Hou X, Tong Q, Wang W, Xiong W, Shi C and Fang J: Dihydromyricetin protects endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress damage by regulating mitochondrial pathways. Life Sci. 130:38–46. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Chen S, Zhao X, Wan J, Ran L, Qin Y, Wang X, Gao Y, Shu F, Zhang Y, Liu P, et al: Dihydromyricetin improves glucose and lipid metabolism and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial. Pharmacol Res. 99:74–81. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Burmistrova O, Quintana J, Díaz JG and Estévez F: Astragalin heptaacetate-induced cell death in human leukemia cells is dependent on caspases and activates the MAPK pathway. Cancer Lett. 309:71–77. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Liu J, Shu Y, Zhang Q, Liu B, Xia J, Qiu M, Miao H, Li M and Zhu R: Dihydromyricetin induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett. 8:1645–1651. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Cho IH, Choi YJ, Gong JH, Shin D, Kang MK and Kang YH: Astragalin inhibits autophagy-associated airway epithelial fibrosis. Respir Res. 16:512015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Allahyari S, Delazar A and Najafi M: Evaluation of general toxicity, anti-oxidant activity and effects of ficus carica leaves extract on ischemia/reperfusion injuries in isolated heart of rat. Adv Pharm Bull. 4 Suppl 2:S577–S582. 2014.

22 

Qu D, Han J, Ren H, Yang W, Zhang X, Zheng Q and Wang D: Cardioprotective effects of astragalin against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat heart. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016:81946902016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Suchalatha S and Devi Shyamala CS: Protective effect of terminalia chebula against experimental myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol. Indian J Exp Biol. 42:174–178. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Han J, Wang D, Yu B, Wang Y, Ren H, Zhang B, Wang Y and Zheng Q: Cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion by licochalcone B in isolated rat hearts. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014:1348622014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Michel F, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Mas E, Drai J and Thérond P: Biomarkers of lipid peroxidation: Analytical aspects. Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 66:605–620. 2008.(In French). PubMed/NCBI

26 

Toth A, Halmosi R, Kovacs K, Deres P, Kalai T, Hideg K, Toth K and Sumegi B: Akt activation induced by an antioxidant compound during ischemia-reperfusion. Free Radic Biol Med. 35:1051–1063. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Zhou M, Liu L, Wang W, Han J, Ren H, Zheng Q and Wang D: Role of licochalcone C in cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury of isolated rat heart via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. Life Sci. 132:27–33. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Kuang J, Sun Y, Wang W, Ke H and Ye H: Myocardial apoptosis and injury of donor hearts kept in completely beating status with normothermic blood perfusion for transplants. Int J Clin Exp Med. 8:5767–5773. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

29 

Minasian SM, Galagudza MM, Dmitriev YV, Karpov AA and Vlasov TD: Preservation of the donor heart: From basic science to clinical studies. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 20:510–519. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Rauen U and de Groot H: New insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cold storage injury. J Investig Med. 52:299–309. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Ozcinar E, Okatan EN, Tuncay E, Eryilmaz S and Turan B: Improvement of functional recovery of donor heart following cold static storage with doxycycline cardioplegia. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 14:64–73. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Bolli R, Patel BS, Jeroudi MO, Lai EK and McCay PB: Demonstration of free radical generation in ‘stunned’ myocardium of intact dogs with the use of the spin trap-alpha-phenyl N-tert-butyl nitrone. J Clin Invest. 82:476–485. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Akbulut S, Sevmis S, Karakayali H, Bayraktar N, Unlukaplan M, Oksuz E1 and Dagdeviren A: Amifostine enhances the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of UW and HTK preservation solutions. World J Gastroenterol. 20:12292–12300. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Hou X, Han J, Yuan C, Ren H, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Xu L, Zheng Q and Chen W: Cardioprotective effects of total flavonoids extracted from xinjiang sprig rosa rugosa against acute ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial injury in isolated rat heart. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 16:54–66. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Timmers L, Pasterkamp G, de Hoog VC, Arslan F, Appelman Y and de Kleijn DP: The innate immune response in reperfused myocardium. Cardiovasc Res. 94:276–283. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Solhjou Z, Athar H, Xu Q and Abdi R: Emerging therapies targeting intra-organ inflammation in transplantation. Am J Transplant. 15:305–311. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wang D, Zhang X, Qu D, Han J, Meng F, Xu M and Zheng Q: Astragalin and dihydromyricetin as adjuncts to histidine‑tryptophan‑ketoglutarate cardioplegia enhances protection during cardioplegic arrest. Mol Med Rep 18: 2929-2936, 2018.
APA
Wang, D., Zhang, X., Qu, D., Han, J., Meng, F., Xu, M., & Zheng, Q. (2018). Astragalin and dihydromyricetin as adjuncts to histidine‑tryptophan‑ketoglutarate cardioplegia enhances protection during cardioplegic arrest. Molecular Medicine Reports, 18, 2929-2936. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9254
MLA
Wang, D., Zhang, X., Qu, D., Han, J., Meng, F., Xu, M., Zheng, Q."Astragalin and dihydromyricetin as adjuncts to histidine‑tryptophan‑ketoglutarate cardioplegia enhances protection during cardioplegic arrest". Molecular Medicine Reports 18.3 (2018): 2929-2936.
Chicago
Wang, D., Zhang, X., Qu, D., Han, J., Meng, F., Xu, M., Zheng, Q."Astragalin and dihydromyricetin as adjuncts to histidine‑tryptophan‑ketoglutarate cardioplegia enhances protection during cardioplegic arrest". Molecular Medicine Reports 18, no. 3 (2018): 2929-2936. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9254
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wang D, Zhang X, Qu D, Han J, Meng F, Xu M and Zheng Q: Astragalin and dihydromyricetin as adjuncts to histidine‑tryptophan‑ketoglutarate cardioplegia enhances protection during cardioplegic arrest. Mol Med Rep 18: 2929-2936, 2018.
APA
Wang, D., Zhang, X., Qu, D., Han, J., Meng, F., Xu, M., & Zheng, Q. (2018). Astragalin and dihydromyricetin as adjuncts to histidine‑tryptophan‑ketoglutarate cardioplegia enhances protection during cardioplegic arrest. Molecular Medicine Reports, 18, 2929-2936. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9254
MLA
Wang, D., Zhang, X., Qu, D., Han, J., Meng, F., Xu, M., Zheng, Q."Astragalin and dihydromyricetin as adjuncts to histidine‑tryptophan‑ketoglutarate cardioplegia enhances protection during cardioplegic arrest". Molecular Medicine Reports 18.3 (2018): 2929-2936.
Chicago
Wang, D., Zhang, X., Qu, D., Han, J., Meng, F., Xu, M., Zheng, Q."Astragalin and dihydromyricetin as adjuncts to histidine‑tryptophan‑ketoglutarate cardioplegia enhances protection during cardioplegic arrest". Molecular Medicine Reports 18, no. 3 (2018): 2929-2936. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9254
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team