|
1
|
Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal
CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Murphy WR, Olin JW,
Puschett JB, et al: ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the
management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower
extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): A
collaborative report from the American association for vascular
surgery/society for vascular surgery, society for cardiovascular
angiography and interventions, society for vascular medicine and
biology, society of interventional radiology and the ACC/AHA task
force on practice guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop
Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial
Disease): Endorsed by the American association of cardiovascular
and pulmonary rehabilitation; national heart, lung, and blood
institute; society for vascular nursing; transatlantic
inter-society consensus; and vascular disease foundation.
Circulation. 113:e463–e654. 2006.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
2
|
Greenland P, Abrams J, Aurigemma GP, Bond
MG, Clark LT, Criqui MH, Crouse JR III, Friedman L, Fuster V,
Herrington DM, et al: Prevention conference V: Beyond secondary
prevention: Identifying the high-risk patient for primary
prevention: Noninvasive tests of atherosclerotic burden: Writing
Group III. Circulation. 101:E16–E22. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
3
|
Murabito JM, Evans JC, Nieto K, Larson MG,
Levy D and Wilson PW: Prevalence and clinical correlates of
peripheral arterial disease in the Framingham offspring study. Am
Heart J. 143:961–965. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
4
|
Newman AB, Siscovick DS, Manolio TA, Polak
J, Fried LP, Borhani NO and Wolfson SK: Ankle-arm index as a marker
of atherosclerosis in the Cardiovascular health study.
Cardiovascular heart study (CHS) collaborative research group.
Circulation. 88:837–845. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
5
|
Doobay AV and Anand SS: Sensitivity and
specificity of the ankle-brachial index to predict future
cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review. Arterioscler Thromb
Vasc Biol. 25:1463–1469. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
6
|
Xu D, Zou L, Xing Y, Hou L, Wei Y, Zhang
J, Qiao Y, Hu D, Xu Y, Li J and Ma Y: Diagnostic value of
ankle-brachial index in peripheral arterial disease: A
meta-analysis. Can J Cardiol. 29:492–498. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
7
|
Fowkes FG, Rudan D, Rudan I, Aboyans V,
Denenberg JO, McDermott MM, Norman PE, Sampson UK, Williams LJ,
Mensah GA and Criqui MH: Comparison of global estimates of
prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2000
and 2010: A systematic review and analysis. Lancet. 382:1329–1340.
2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
8
|
Selvin E and Erlinger TP: Prevalence of
and risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in the United
States: Results from the national health and nutrition examination
survey, 1999–1999. Circulation. 110:738–743. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
9
|
Carbayo JA, Divisón JA, Escribano J,
López-Abril J, de Coca López E, Artigao LM, Martínez E, Sanchis C,
Massó J and Carrión L: Grupo de Enfermedades Vasculares de Albacete
(GEVA): Using anklebrachial index to detect peripheral arterial
disease: Prevalence and associated risk factors in a random
population sample. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 17:41–49. 2007.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
10
|
Sigvant B, Wiberg-Hedman K, Bergqvist D,
Rolandsson O, Andersson B, Persson E and Wahlberg E: A
population-based study of peripheral arterial disease prevalence
with special focus on critical limb ischemia and sex differences. J
Vasc Surg. 45:1185–1191. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
11
|
Mostaza JM, Manzano L, Suárez C, Cairols
M, Ferreira EM, Rovira E, Sánchez A, Suárez-Tembra MA, Estirado E,
Estrella Jde D, et al: Prevalence of asymptomatic peripheral artery
disease detected by the ankle-brachial index in patients with
cardiovascular disease. MERITO II study). Med Clin (Barc).
131:561–565. 2008. View
Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
12
|
Ramos R, Quesada M, Solanas P, Subirana I,
Sala J, Vila J, Masiá R, Cerezo C, Elosua R, Grau M, et al:
Prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic peripheral arterial
disease and the value of the ankle-brachial index to stratify
cardiovascular risk. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 38:305–311. 2009.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
13
|
Alzamora MT, ForeÂs R, Baena-DõÂez JM,
Pera G, Toran P, Sorribes M, Vicheto M, Reina MD, Sancho A,
Albaladejo C, et al: The peripheral arterial disease study
(PERART/ARTPER): Prevalence and risk factors in the general
population. BMC Public Health. 10:382010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
14
|
Aboyans V, Criqui MH, Abraham P, Allison
MA, Creager MA, Diehm C, Fowkes FG, Hiatt WR, Jönsson B, Lacroix P,
et al: Measurement and interpretation of the ankle-brachial index:
A scientific statement from the American heart association.
Circulation. 126:2890–2909. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
15
|
Fowkes FG, Rudan D, Rudan I, Aboyans V,
Denenberg JO, McDermott MM, Norman PE, Sampson UK, Williams LJ,
Mensah GA and Criqui MH: Comparison of global estimates of
prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2000
and 2010: A systematic review and analysis. Lancet. 382:1329–1340.
2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
16
|
Wilkins JT, McDermott MM, Liu K, Chan C,
Criqui MH and Lloyd-Jones DM: Associations of noninvasive measures
of arterial compliance and ankle-brachial index: The multi-ethnic
study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Am J Hypertens. 25:535–541. 2012.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
17
|
Hiatt WR: Medical treatment of peripheral
arterial disease and claudication. N Engl J Med. 344:1608–1621.
2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
18
|
Watson K, Watson BD and Pater KS:
Peripheral arterial disease: A review of disease awareness and
management. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 4:365–379. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
19
|
Signorelli Santo S, Anzaldi M, Fiore V,
Catanzaro S, Simili M, Torrisi B and Neri S: Study on unrecognized
peripheral arterial disease (PAD) by ankle/brachial index and
arterial comorbidity in Catania, Sicily, Italy. Angiology.
61:524–529. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
20
|
Signorelli SS, Fiore V, Catanzaro S,
Simili M, Torrisi B and Anzaldi M: Prevalence of high
ankle-brachial index (ABI) in general population of Southern Italy,
risk factor profiles and systemic cardiovascular co-morbidity: An
epidemiological study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 53:55–59. 2011.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
21
|
Danilevicius CF, Lopes JB and Pereira RM:
Bone metabolism and vascular calcification. Braz J Med Biol Res.
40:435–442. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
22
|
Karwowski W, Naumnik B, Szczepański M and
Myśliwiec M: The mechanism of vascular calcification-a systematic
review. Med Sci Monit. 18:RA1–RA11. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
23
|
Sennerby U, Farahmand B, Ahlbom A,
Ljunghall S and Michaëlsson K: Cardiovascular diseases and future
risk of hip fracture in women. Osteoporos Int. 18:1355–1362. 2007.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
24
|
Marcovitz PA, Tran HH, Franklin BA,
O'Neill WW, Yerkey M, Boura J, Kleerekoper M and Dickinson CZ:
Usefulness of bone mineral density to predict significant coronary
artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 96:1059–1063. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
25
|
Kiel DP, Kauppila LI, Cupples LA, Hannan
MT, O'Donnell CJ and Wilson PW: Bone loss and the progression of
abdominal aortic calcification over a 25 year period: The
Framingham heart study. Calcif Tissue Int. 68:271–276. 2001.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
26
|
Barengolts EI, Berman M, Kukreja SC,
Kouznetsova T, Lin C and Chomka EV: Osteoporosis and coronary
atherosclerosis in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue
Int. 62:209–213. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
27
|
Jorgensen L, Joakimsen O, Mathiesen EB,
Ahmed L, Berntsen GK, Fønnebø V, Joakimsen R, Njølstad I, Schirmer
H and Jacobsen BK: Carotid plaque echogenicity and risk of
nonvertebral fractures in women: A longitudinal population-based
study. Calcif Tissue Int. 79:207–213. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
28
|
Jørgensen L, Engstad T and Jacobsen BK:
Bone mineral density in acute stroke patients: Low bone mineral
density may predict first stroke in women. Stroke. 32:47–51. 2001.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
29
|
Fehérvári M, Krepuska M, Csobay-Novák C,
Lakatos P, Oláh Z, Acsády G and Szeberin Z: Prevalence of
osteoporosis in patients with severe peripheral artery disease. Orv
Hetil. 154:369–375. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
30
|
Baldwin MJ, Policha A, Maldonado T,
Hiramoto JS, Honig S, Conte MS, Berger J and Rockman CB: Novel
association between bone mineral density scores and the prevalence
of peripheral artery disease in both sexes. Vasc Med. 22:13–20.
2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
31
|
Mangiafico RA, Russo E, Riccobene S,
Pennisi P, Mangiafico M, D'Amico F and Fiore CE: Increased
prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in osteoporotic
postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Metab. 24:125–131. 2006.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
32
|
Wong SY, Kwok T, Woo J, Lynn H, Griffith
JF, Leung J, Tang YY and Leung PC: Bone mineral density and the
risk of peripheral arterial disease in men and women: Results from
Mr. and Ms Os, Hong Kong. Osteoporos Int. 16:1933–1938. 2005.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
33
|
van der Klift M, Pols HA, Hak AE, Witteman
JC, Hofman A and de Laet CE: Bone mineral density and the risk of
peripheral arterial disease: The rotterdam study. Calcif Tissue
Int. 70:443–449. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
34
|
Pasqualini L, Ministrini S, Macura A,
Marini E, Leli C, Siepi D, Lombardini R, Kararoudi MN, Scarponi AM,
Schillaci G, et al: Increased bone resorption: A possible
pathophysiological link between hypovitaminosis D and peripheral
arterial disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 52:352–359. 2016.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
35
|
Fehérvári M, Sarkadi H, Krepuska M,
Sótonyi P, Acsády G, Entz L, Lakatos P and Szeberin Z: Bone mineral
density is associated with site-specific atherosclerosis in
patients with severe peripheral artery disease. Calcif Tissue Int.
93:55–61. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
36
|
von Mühlen D, Allison M, Jassal SK and
Barrett-Connor E: Peripheral arterial disease and osteoporosis in
older adults: The rancho bernardo study. Osteoporos Int.
20:2071–2018. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
37
|
Hsu H, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Solovyev I,
Colombero A, Timms E, Tan HL, Elliott G, Kelley MJ, Sarosi I, et
al: Tumor necrosis factor receptor family member RANK mediates
osteoclast differentiation and activation induced by
osteoprotegerin ligand. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 96:3540–3545. 1999.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
38
|
Ziegler S, Kudlacek S, Luger A and Minar
E: Osteoprotegerin plasma concentrations correlate with severity of
peripheral artery disease. Atherosclerosis. 182:175–180. 2005.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
39
|
Pennisi P, Signorelli SS, Riccobene S,
Celotta G, Di Pino L, La Malfa T and Fiore CE: Low bone density and
abnormal bone turnover in patients with atherosclerosis of
peripheral vessels. Osteoporos Int. 15:389–395. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
40
|
Demková K, Kozárová M, Malachovská Z,
Javorský M and Tkáč I: Osteoprotegerin concentration is associated
with the presence and severity of peripheral arterial disease in
type 2 diabetes mellitus. Vasa. 47:131–135. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
41
|
Esteghamati A, Aflatoonian M, Rad MV,
Mazaheri T, Mousavizadeh M, Nakhjavani M and Noshad S: Association
of osteoprotegerin with peripheral artery disease in patients with
type 2 diabetes. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 108:412–419. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
42
|
Zobel EH, von Scholten BJ, Lajer M, Jorsal
A, Tarnow L, Rasmussen LM, Holstein P, Parving HH, Hansen TW and
Rossing P: High osteoprotegerin is associated with development of
foot ulcer in type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications.
30:1603–1608. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
43
|
O'Sullivan EP, Ashley DT, Davenport C,
Kelly J, Devlin N, Crowley R, Leahy AL, Kelly CJ, Agha A, Thompson
CJ, et al: Osteoprotegerin is higher in peripheral arterial disease
regardless of glycaemic status. Thromb Res. 126:e423–e427. 2010.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
44
|
Hosbond SE, Poulsen TS, Diederichsen AC,
Nybo M, Rasmussen LM and Mickley H: Osteoprotegerin as a marker of
atherosclerosis: A systematic update. Scand Cardiovasc J.
46:203–211. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
45
|
Kapetanios D, Karkos C, Giagtzidis I,
Papazoglou K, Kiroplastis K and Spyridis C: Vascular calcification
biomarkers and peripheral arterial disease. Int Angiol. 35:455–459.
2016.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
46
|
Ye Z, Ali Z, Klee GG, Mosley TH Jr and
Kullo IJ: Associations of candidate biomarkers of vascular disease
with the ankle-brachial index and peripheral arterial disease. Am J
Hypertens. 26:495–502. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
47
|
Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Obernosterer A,
Pilger E, Dobnig H, Dimai HP, Leb G, Kudlacek S and
Obermayer-Pietsch BM: Hypovitaminosis D, impaired bone turnover and
low bone mass are common in patients with peripheral arterial
disease. Osteoporos Int. 16:319–324. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
48
|
Mikhaylova L, Malmquist J and Nurminskaya
M: Regulation of in vitro vascular calcification by BMP4, VEGF and
Wnt3a. Calcif Tissue Int. 81:372–381. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
49
|
He XW, Wang E, Bao YY, Wang F, Zhu M, Hu
XF and Jin XP: High serum levels of sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 are
associated with acute ischaemic stroke. Atherosclerosis. 253:22–28.
2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
50
|
Krishna SM, Seto SW, Jose RJ, Li J, Morton
SK, Biros E, Wang Y, Nsengiyumva V, Lindeman JH, Loots GG, et al:
Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor sclerostin inhibits angiotensin
II-induced aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb
Vasc Biol. 37:553–566. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
51
|
Kim KM, Lim S, Moon JH, Jin H, Jung KY,
Shin CS, Park KS, Jang HC and Choi SH: Lower uncarboxylated
osteocalcin and higher sclerostin levels are significantly
associated with coronary artery disease. Bone. 83:178–183. 2016.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
52
|
Gaudio A, Fiore V, Rapisarda R, Sidoti MH,
Xourafa A, Catalano A, Tringali G, Zanoli L, Signorelli SS and
Fiore CE: Sclerostin is a possible candidate marker of arterial
stiffness: Results from a cohort study in Catania. Mol Med Rep.
15:3420–3424. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
53
|
Popovic DS, Mitrovic M, Tomic-Naglic D,
Icin T, Bajkin I, Vukovic B, Benc D, Zivanovic Z, Kovacev-Zavisic B
and Stokic E: The Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway inhibitor
sclerostin is a biomarker for early atherosclerosis in obesity.
Curr Neurovasc Res. 14:200–206. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
54
|
Morales-Santana S, García-Fontana B,
García-Martín A, Rozas-Moreno P, García-Salcedo JA, Reyes-García R
and Muñoz-Torres M: Atherosclerotic disease in type 2 diabetes is
associated with an increase in sclerostin levels. Diabetes Care.
36:1667–1674. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
55
|
Gaudio A, Privitera F, Pulvirenti I,
Canzonieri E, Rapisarda R and Fiore CE: The relationship between
inhibitors of the Wnt signalling pathway (sclerostin and
Dickkopf-1) and carotid intima-media thickness in postmenopausal
women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 11:48–52.
2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
56
|
Saag KG, Petersen J, Brandi ML, Karaplis
AC, Lorentzon M, Thomas T, Maddox J, Fan M, Meisner PD and Grauer
A: Romosozumab or alendronate for fracture prevention in women with
osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 377:1417–1427. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|