Differential expression of claudin‑4, occludin, SOX2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen between basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

Sato,Fuyuki; Bhawal,Ujjal  K.; Tojyo,Itaru; Fujita,Shigeyuki; Murata,Shin‑Ichi; Muragaki,Yasuteru

doi:10.3892/mmr.2019.10417

Differential expression of claudin‑4, occludin, SOX2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen between basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

Authors:
- Fuyuki Sato
- Ujjal K. Bhawal
- Itaru Tojyo
- Shigeyuki Fujita
- Shin‑Ichi Murata
- Yasuteru Muragaki
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Affiliations: Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641‑8509, Japan, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271‑8587, Japan, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641‑8509, Japan, Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641‑8509, Japan
Published online on: June 24, 2019 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10417
Pages: 1977-1985

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Abstract

Basaloid squamous cell carcinomas (BSCCs) in oral lesions are extremely rare, and the histology is not well understood. Histologically, they are often similar to conventional squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The present study was designed with an aim to distinguish BSCC from SCC using claudin‑4, occludin, SRY‑box 2 (SOX2) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunoreactivities and staining patterns. Three BSCCs (with abundant, with moderate, and without squamous components) specimens and 20 SCC specimens were selected for comparison of their immunoreactivity. These specimens were stained with claudin‑4, occludin, SOX2 and PCNA. In addition to histological analysis, the expression of claudin‑4, occludin and PCNA was determined in oral cancer HSC2 and HSC3 cells with or without SOX2 overexpression, and cell proliferation was determined by XTT assay. Claudin‑4 had strong and occludin had weak immunoreactivity as detected in the membrane of squamous components of BSCC but not in cancer cells. No obvious detection of squamous components and cancer cells were observed in SCC. SOX2 and PCNA immunoreactivities in SCC had dot‑like staining patterns in the nuclei of partial and marginal cancer cells. In contrast, in BSCCs, SOX2 and PCNA had diffuse staining patterns in almost all cancer cells. SOX2 overexpression had little effect on the expression levels of claudin‑4, occludin and PCNA. It also had little effect on the cell proliferation of HSC2 and HSC3 cells. Differences in immunoreactivity and staining pattern may be valuable to distinguish between BSCC and SCC in diagnosis.

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