Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
September-2019 Volume 20 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2019 Volume 20 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Dynamic changes in the level of WT1 as an MRD marker to predict the therapeutic outcome of patients with AML with and without allogeneic stem cell transplantation

  • Authors:
    • Huasheng Liu
    • Xiaoning Wang
    • Hailing Zhang
    • Jincheng Wang
    • Ying Chen
    • Tiantian Ma
    • Jing Shi
    • Ya Kang
    • Jieying Xi
    • Mengchang Wang
    • Mei Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
  • Pages: 2426-2432
    |
    Published online on: June 28, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10440
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Monitoring minimal residue disease (MRD) is an effective approach to evaluate the response to chemotherapy, and it is used to select the ideal therapeutic strategy and to predict the recurrence during therapy for hematological disorders. The Wilm's tumor 1 (WT1) gene, which is highly expressed in >80% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its increased expression level may cause poor clinical outcomes, is a potential MRD marker of hematological neoplasms. In the present study, the expression levels of WT1 and other molecular markers were retrospectively analyzed by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR in 195 patients with AML. The expression level of WT1 was significantly lower in patients with remission compared with patients with early‑stage and recurrent AML. Moreover, WT1 expression was significantly decreased in patients with RUNX family transcription factor 1‑RUNX1 translocation partner 1 fusion, but higher in patients with promyelocytic leukemia‑retinoic acid receptor α fusion. WT1 expression was significantly reduced during remission. In patients with AML who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‑HSCT), the mortality rate 2 years after allo‑HSCT was significantly lower in patients with low expression level of WT1 compared with subjects presenting high expression level of WT1. Collectively, the upregulation of the expression level of WT1 in combination with the identification of other genetic abnormalities may be used as MRD markers of hematological neoplasms.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Döhner H, Weisdorf DJ and Bloomfield CD: Acute Myeloid Leukemia. N Engl J Med. 373:1136–1152. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Lagunas-Rangel FA, Chávez-Valencia V, Gómez-Guijosa MA and Cortes-Penagos C: Acute Myeloid Leukemia-Genetic Alterations and Their Clinical Prognosis. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res. 11:328–339. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

3 

Sun Y, Chen BR and Deshpande A: Epigenetic Regulators in the Development, Maintenance, and Therapeutic Targeting of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol. 8:412018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Freireich EJ, Wiernik PH and Steensma DP: The leukemias: A half-century of discovery. J Clin Oncol. 32:3463–3469. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Ommen HB: Monitoring minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukaemia: A review of the current evolving strategies. Ther Adv Hematol. 7:3–16. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Hourigan CS, Gale RP, Gormley NJ, Ossenkoppele GJ and Walter RB: Measurable residual disease testing in acute myeloid leukaemia. Leukemia. 31:1482–1490. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Zhou Y and Wood BL: Methods of Detection of Measurable Residual Disease in AML. Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 12:557–567. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Elmaagacli AH: Molecular methods used for detection of minimal residual disease following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in myeloid disorders. Methods Mol Biol. 1109:187–207. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Tomlinson B and Lazarus HM: Enhancing acute myeloid leukemia therapy - monitoring response using residual disease testing as a guide to therapeutic decision-making. Expert Rev Hematol. 10:563–574. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Ross DM, Watkins DB, Hughes TP and Branford S: Reverse transcription with random pentadecamer primers improves the detection limit of a quantitative PCR assay for BCR-ABL transcripts in chronic myeloid leukemia: Implications for defining sensitivity in minimal residual disease. Clin Chem. 54:1568–1571. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Yang L, Han Y, Suarez Saiz F and Minden MD: A tumor suppressor and oncogene: The WT1 story. Leukemia. 21:868–876. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Toska E and Roberts SG: Mechanisms of transcriptional regulation by WT1 (Wilms' tumour 1). Biochem J. 461:15–32. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Morrison AA, Viney RL and Ladomery MR: The post-transcriptional roles of WT1, a multifunctional zinc-finger protein. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1785:55–62. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

14 

Lyu X, Xin Y, Mi R, Ding J, Wang X, Hu J, Fan R, Wei X, Song Y and Zhao RY: Overexpression of Wilms tumor 1 gene as a negative prognostic indicator in acute myeloid leukemia. PLoS One. 9:e924702014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Frairia C, Aydin S, Audisio E, Riera L, Aliberti S, Allione B, Busca A, D'Ardia S, Dellacasa CM, Demurtas A, et al: Post-remissional and pre-transplant role of minimal residual disease detected by WT1 in acute myeloid leukemia: A retrospective cohort study. Leuk Res. 61:10–17. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Bergmann L, Miething C, Maurer U, Brieger J, Karakas T, Weidmann E and Hoelzer D: High levels of Wilms' tumor gene (wt1) mRNA in acute myeloid leukemias are associated with a worse long-term outcome. Blood. 90:1217–1225. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

17 

Miglino M, Colombo N, Pica G, Grasso R, Clavio M, Bergamaschi M, Ballerini F, Ghiso A, Ghiggi C, Mitscheunig L, et al: WT1 overexpression at diagnosis may predict favorable outcome in patients with de novo non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 52:1961–1969. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT, Flandrin G, Galton DA, Gralnick HR and Sultan C: Proposed revised criteria for the classification of acute myeloid leukemia. A report of the French-American-British Cooperative Group. Ann Intern Med. 103:620–625. 1985. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Vardiman JW, Thiele J, Arber DA, Brunning RD, Borowitz MJ, Porwit A, Harris NL, Le Beau MM, Hellström-Lindberg E, Tefferi A, et al: The 2008 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia: Rationale and important changes. Blood. 114:937–951. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Ayatollahi H, Sadeghian MH, Naderi M, Jafarian AH, Shams SF, Motamedirad N, Sheikhi M, Bahrami A and Shakeri S: Quantitative assessment of Wilms tumor 1 expression by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. J Res Med Sci. 22:542017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Malagola M, Skert C, Ruggeri G, Turra A, Ribolla R, Cancelli V, Cattina F, Alghisi E, Bernardi S, Perucca S, et al: Peripheral blood WT1 expression predicts relapse in AML patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. BioMed Res Int. 2014:1230792014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Inoue K, Sugiyama H, Ogawa H, Nakagawa M, Yamagami T, Miwa H, Kita K, Hiraoka A, Masaoka T, Nasu K, et al: WT1 as a new prognostic factor and a new marker for the detection of minimal residual disease in acute leukemia. Blood. 84:3071–3079. 1994.PubMed/NCBI

23 

EN 13641:2002, . Elimination or reduction of risk of infection related to in vitro diagnostic reagents. In vitro diagnostic medical devices Directive. EU Declaration of Conformity. 2017.

24 

EP9-A2, . Method Comparison and Bias Estimation Using Patient Samples: Approved Guideline. 22. 2nd. NCCLS; Wayne, PA: 2002

25 

Zhu HH, Jiang H, Jiang B, Lu J, Jiang Q, Bao L, Zhang XH, Qin YZ and Huang XJ: Cytarabine, aclarubicin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor regimen represents an effective and safe salvage regimen for patients with acute myeloid leukemia refractory to first course of induction chemotherapy. Leuk Lymphoma. 54:2452–2457. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Gallego Hernanz MP, Torregrosa Diaz JM, Sorel N, Bobin A, Dindinaud E, Bouyer S, Desmier D, Brizard F, Leleu X, Maillard N, et al: Long-term molecular remission in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia harboring a new NUP98-LEDGF rearrangement. Cancer Med. 8:1765–1770. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Li H, Xing C, Zhou B, Ye H, Feng J, Wu J and Gao S: A regulatory circuitry between miR-193a/miR-600 and WT1 enhances leukemogenesis in acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Hematol. 61:59–68.e5. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Válková V, Polák J, Marková M, Vítek A, Hájková H, Sálek C, Procházka B, Cetkovský P and Trněný M: Minimal residual disease detectable by quantitative assessment of WT1 gene before allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients in first remission of acute myeloid leukemia has an impact on their future prognosis. Clin Transplant. 27:E21–E29. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Gray JX, McMillen L, Mollee P, Paul S, Lane S, Bird R, Gill D, Saal R and Marlton P: WT1 expression as a marker of minimal residual disease predicts outcome in acute myeloid leukemia when measured post-consolidation. Leuk Res. 36:453–458. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Mashima K, Oh I, Ikeda T, Toda Y, Ito S, Umino K, Minakata D, Nakano H, Morita K, Yamasaki R, et al: Role of Sequential Monitoring of WT1 Gene Expression in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia for the Early Detection of Leukemia Relapse. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 18:e521–e527. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Polák J, Hájková H, Maalaufová-Soukupová J, Marková J, Sálek C, Schwarz J and Haškovec C: Estimation of molecular upper remission limit for monitoring minimal residual disease in peripheral blood of acute myeloid leukemia patients by WT1 expression. Exp Ther Med. 3:129–133. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Hao Y, Cheng Y, Wu Q, Zhang A, Jiang X and Xu X: Combined usage of Wilms' tumor gene quantitative analysis and multiparameter flow cytometry for minimal residual disease monitoring of acute myeloid leukemia patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation. Exp Ther Med. 15:1403–1409. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Duléry R, Nibourel O, Gauthier J, Elsermans V, Behal H, Coiteux V, Magro L, Renneville A, Marceau A, Boyer T, et al: Impact of Wilms' tumor 1 expression on outcome of patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation for AML. Bone Marrow Transplant. 52:539–543. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Candoni A, De Marchi F, Zannier ME, Lazzarotto D, Filì C, Dubbini MV, Rabassi N, Toffoletti E, Lau BW and Fanin R: High prognostic value of pre-allogeneic stem cell transplantation minimal residual disease detection by WT1 gene expression in AML transplanted in cytologic complete remission. Leuk Res. 63:22–27. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Liu H, Wang X, Zhang H, Wang J, Chen Y, Ma T, Shi J, Kang Y, Xi J, Wang M, Wang M, et al: Dynamic changes in the level of WT1 as an MRD marker to predict the therapeutic outcome of patients with AML with and without allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Mol Med Rep 20: 2426-2432, 2019.
APA
Liu, H., Wang, X., Zhang, H., Wang, J., Chen, Y., Ma, T. ... Zhang, M. (2019). Dynamic changes in the level of WT1 as an MRD marker to predict the therapeutic outcome of patients with AML with and without allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Molecular Medicine Reports, 20, 2426-2432. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10440
MLA
Liu, H., Wang, X., Zhang, H., Wang, J., Chen, Y., Ma, T., Shi, J., Kang, Y., Xi, J., Wang, M., Zhang, M."Dynamic changes in the level of WT1 as an MRD marker to predict the therapeutic outcome of patients with AML with and without allogeneic stem cell transplantation". Molecular Medicine Reports 20.3 (2019): 2426-2432.
Chicago
Liu, H., Wang, X., Zhang, H., Wang, J., Chen, Y., Ma, T., Shi, J., Kang, Y., Xi, J., Wang, M., Zhang, M."Dynamic changes in the level of WT1 as an MRD marker to predict the therapeutic outcome of patients with AML with and without allogeneic stem cell transplantation". Molecular Medicine Reports 20, no. 3 (2019): 2426-2432. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10440
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Liu H, Wang X, Zhang H, Wang J, Chen Y, Ma T, Shi J, Kang Y, Xi J, Wang M, Wang M, et al: Dynamic changes in the level of WT1 as an MRD marker to predict the therapeutic outcome of patients with AML with and without allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Mol Med Rep 20: 2426-2432, 2019.
APA
Liu, H., Wang, X., Zhang, H., Wang, J., Chen, Y., Ma, T. ... Zhang, M. (2019). Dynamic changes in the level of WT1 as an MRD marker to predict the therapeutic outcome of patients with AML with and without allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Molecular Medicine Reports, 20, 2426-2432. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10440
MLA
Liu, H., Wang, X., Zhang, H., Wang, J., Chen, Y., Ma, T., Shi, J., Kang, Y., Xi, J., Wang, M., Zhang, M."Dynamic changes in the level of WT1 as an MRD marker to predict the therapeutic outcome of patients with AML with and without allogeneic stem cell transplantation". Molecular Medicine Reports 20.3 (2019): 2426-2432.
Chicago
Liu, H., Wang, X., Zhang, H., Wang, J., Chen, Y., Ma, T., Shi, J., Kang, Y., Xi, J., Wang, M., Zhang, M."Dynamic changes in the level of WT1 as an MRD marker to predict the therapeutic outcome of patients with AML with and without allogeneic stem cell transplantation". Molecular Medicine Reports 20, no. 3 (2019): 2426-2432. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10440
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team