Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
September-2019 Volume 20 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2019 Volume 20 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

Medial prefrontal cortex exacerbates gastric dysfunction of rats upon restraint water‑immersion stress

  • Authors:
    • Dong‑Qin Zhao
    • Sheng‑Nan Gong
    • Ying‑Jie Ma
    • Jian‑Ping Zhu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 2303-2315
    |
    Published online on: July 3, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10462
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Restraint water‑immersion stress (RWIS) can induce a gastric mucosal lesions within a few hours. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is involved in the RWIS process. The present study investigated the modulatory effects and molecular mechanisms of the mPFC on gastric function under an RWIS state. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups; namely, the control, RWIS 4 h (RWIS for 4 h only), sham‑operated and bilateral‑lesioned (bilateral‑lesioned mPFC) groups. The gastric erosion index (EI) and gastric motility (GM) were determined, and the proteomic profiles of the mPFC were assessed by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with two‑dimensional liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Additionally, iTRAQ results were verified by western blot analysis. Compared with the RWIS 4 h group and the sham‑control group, the bilateral‑lesioned group exhibited a significantly lower EI (P<0.01). In the bilateral‑lesioned group, RWIS led to a significant decrease in EI and GM. When comparing the control and RWIS 4 h groups, 129 dysregulated proteins were identified, of which 88 were upregulated and 41 were downregulated. Gene Ontology functional analysis demonstrated that 29 dysregulated proteins, including postsynaptic density protein 95, were directly associated with axon morphology, axon growth and synaptic plasticity. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that the dysregulated proteins were mainly involved in neurological disease signaling pathways, including the NF‑κB and ERK signaling pathways. These data indicated that the presence of the mPFC exacerbates gastric mucosal injury in awake rats during RWIS. Although the quantitative proteomic analysis elucidated the nervous system molecular targets associated with the production of gastric mucosal lesions, such as the role of PSD95. The underlying molecular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity need to be further elucidated.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

View References

1 

Saxena B and Singh S: Comparison of three acute stress models for simulating the pathophysiology of stress-related mucosal disease. Drug Discov Ther. 11:98–103. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Jaggi AS, Bhatia N, Kumar N, Singh N, Anand P and Dhawan R: A review on animal models for screening potential anti-stress agents. Neurol Sci. 32:993–1005. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Huang P, Zhou Z, Wang H, Wei Q, Zhang L, Zhou X, Hutz RJ and Shi F: Effect of the IGF-1/PTEN/Akt/FoxO signaling pathway on the development and healing of water immersion and restraint stress-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Int J Mol Med. 30:650–658. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Huang P, Zhou ZR, Zheng MQ and Shi FX: Effect of the IGF-1/PTEN/Akt/FoxO signalling pathway in the duodenal mucosa of rats subjected to water immersion and restraint stress. Genet Mol Res. 11:4775–4788. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Ohta Y, Yashiro K, Ohashi K, Kusumoto C, Matsura T, Hidaka M and Fukuzawa K: Vitamin E depletion enhances liver oxidative damage in rats with water-immersion restraint stress. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 59:79–86. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Zhou ZR, Huang P, Song GH, Zhang Z, An K, Lu HW, Ju XL and Ding W: Comparative proteomic analysis of rats subjected to water immersion and restraint stress as an insight into gastric ulcers. Mol Med Rep. 16:5425–5433. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Fan F, Li L, Liu W, Yang M, Ma X and Sun H: Astrocytes and neurons in locus coeruleus mediate restraint water immersionstress-induced gastric mucosal damage through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Neurosci Lett. 675:95–102. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Xu Y, Jia J, Xie C, Wu Y and Tu W: Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 and substance P mediate the development of gastric mucosal lesions in a water immersion restraint stress rat model. Digestion. 97:228–239. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Zhang YY, Cao GH, Zhu WX, Cui XY and Ai HB: Comparative study of c-Fos expression in the rat dorsal vagal complex and nucleus ambiguus induced by different durations of restraint water-immersion stress. Chin J Physiol. 52:143–150. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Zhang YY, Zhu WX, Cao GH, Cui XY and Ai HB: c-Fos expression in the supraoptic nucleus is the most intense during different durations of restraint water-immersion stress in the rat. J Physiol Sci. 59:367–375. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Zhao DQ, Lu CL and Ai HB: The role of catecholaminergic neurons in the hypothalamus and medullary visceral zone in response to restraint water-immersion stress in rats. J Physiol Sci. 61:37–45. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Zhao DQ and Ai HB: Oxytocin and vasopressin involved in restraint water-immersion stress mediated by oxytocin receptor and vasopressin 1b receptor in rat brain. PLoS One. 6:e233622011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Sun H, Liu Z and Ma X: Interactions between astrocytes and neurons in the brainstem involved in restraintwater immersion stress-induced gastric mucosal damage. Neuroreport. 27:151–159. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Sun H, Li R, Xu S, Liu Z and Ma X: Hypothalamic astrocytes respond to gastric mucosal damage induced by restraint water-immersion stress in rat. Front Behav Neurosci. 10:2102016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Sun H, Zhao P, Liu W, Li L, Ai H and Ma X: Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus in regulation of stress-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Sci Rep. 8:101702018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Vertes RP: Interactions among the medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and midline thalamus in emotional and cognitive processing in the rat. Neuroscience. 142:1–20. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Neafsey EJ: Prefrontal cortical control of the autonomic nervous system: Anatomical and physiological observations. Prog Brain Res. 85:147–166. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Hurley-Gius KM and Neafsey EJ: The medial frontal cortex and gastric motility: Microstimulation results and their possible significance for the overall pattern of organization of rat frontal and parietal cortex. Brain Res. 365:241–248. 1986. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Sullivan RM and Gratton A: Lateralized effects of medial prefrontal cortex lesions on neuroendocrine and autonomic stress responses in rats. J Neurosci. 19:2834–2840. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Ostrander MM, Richtand NM and Herman JP: Stress and amphetamine induce Fos expression in medial prefrontal cortex neurons containing glucocorticoid receptors. Brain Res. 990:209–214. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Crane JW, Ebner K and Day TA: Medial prefrontal cortex suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to a physical stressor, systemic delivery of interleukin-1beta. Eur J Neurosci. 17:1473–1481. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Morgan MA, Romanski LM and LeDoux JE: Extinction of emotional learning: Contribution of medial prefrontal cortex. Neurosci Lett. 163:109–113. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Frysztak RJ and Neafsey EJ: The effect of medial frontal cortex lesions on respiration, ‘freezing,’ and ultrasonic vocalizations during conditioned emotional responses in rats. Cereb Cortex. 1:418–425. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Frysztak RJ and Neafsey EJ: The effect of medial frontal cortex lesions on cardiovascular conditioned emotional responses in the rat. Brain Res. 643:181–193. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Ross PL, Huang YN, Marchese JN, Williamson B, Parker K, Hattan S, Khainovski N, Pillai S, Dey S, Daniels S, et al: Multiplexed protein quantitation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using amine-reactive isobaric tagging reagents. Mol Cell Proteomics. 3:1154–1169. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Liu T, Hu J and Li H: iTRAQ-based shotgun neuroproteomics. Methods Mol Biol. 566:201–216. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Paxinos G and Watson C: The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates. 6th edition. Elsevier; Amsterdam: pp. 8–13. 2007

28 

Kádár A, Wittmann G, Liposits Z and Fekete C: Improved method for combination of immunocytochemistry and Nissl staining. J Neurosci Methods. 184:115–118. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Nesvizhskii AI, Keller A, Kolker E and Aebersold R: A statistical model for identifying proteins by tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 75:4646–4658. 2003.

30 

Yang CL, Zhu HY and Zhang F: Comparative proteomics analysis between the short-term stress and long-term adaptation of the blattella germanica (Blattodea: Blattellidae) in response to beta-cypermethrin. J Econ Entomol. 112:1396–1402. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Guth PH, Aures D and Paulsen G: Topical aspirin plus HCl gastric lesions in the rat. Cytoprotective effect of prostaglandin, cimetidine, and probanthine. Gastroenterology. 76:88–93. 1979.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Kokame K, Kato H and Miyata T: Homocysteine-respondent genes in vascular endothelial cells identified by differential display analysis. GRP78/BiP and novel genes. J Biol Chem. 271:29659–29665. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

van Belzen N, Dinjens WN, Diesveld MP, Groen NA, van der Made AC, Nozawa Y, Vlietstra R, Trapman J and Bosman FT: A novel gene which is upregulated during colon epithelial cell differentiation and downregulated in colorectal neoplasms. Lab Investig. 77:85–92. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

34 

Zhou D, Salnikow K and Costa M: Cap43, a novel gene specifically induced by Ni2+ compounds. Cancer Res. 58:2182–2189. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

35 

Ellen TP, Ke Q, Zhang P and Costa M: NDRG1, a growth and cancer related gene: Regulation of gene expression and function in normal and disease states. Carcinogenesis. 29:2–8. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Xu W: PSD-95-like membrane associated guanylate kinases (PSD-MAGUKs) and synaptic plasticity. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 21:306–312. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Winkler D, Daher F, Wüstefeld L, Hammerschmidt K, Poggi G, Seelbach A, Krueger-Burg D, Vafadari B, Ronnenberg A, Liu Y, et al: Hypersocial behavior and biological redundancy in mice with reducedexpression of PSD95 or PSD93. Behav Brain Res. 352:35–45. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Chai J, Wang Y, Li H, He W, Zou W, Zhou Y, Hu X and Chai Q: Distribution of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin during neuronal maturation. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi. 32:1619–1622. 2016.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

39 

Alder J, Lu B, Valtorta F, Greengard P and Poo M: Calcium-dependent transmitter secretion reconstituted in Xenopus oocytes: Requirement for synaptophysin. Science. 257:657–661. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Edelmann L, Hanson PI, Chapman ER and Jahn R: Synaptobrevin binding to synaptophysin: A potential mechanism for controlling the exocytotic fusion machine. EMBO J. 14:224–231. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Valtorta F, Pennuto M, Bonanomi D and Benfenati F: Synaptophysin: Leading actor or walk-on role in synaptic vesicle exocytosis? Bioessays. 26:445–453. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Daly C, Sugimori M, Moreira JE, Ziff EB and Llinas R: Synaptophysin regulates clathrin-independent endocytosis of synaptic vesicles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 97:6120–6125. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Thiele C, Hannah MJ, Fahrenholz F and Huttner WB: Cholesterol binds to synaptophysin and is required for biogenesis of synaptic vesicles. Nat Cell Biol. 2:42–49. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Tarsa L and Goda Y: Synaptophysin regulates activity-dependent synapse formation in cultured hippo-campal neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 99:1012–1016. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Sun HZ, Zheng S, Lu K, Hou FT, Bi JX, Liu XL and Wang SS: Hydrogen sulfide attenuates gastric mucosal injury induced by restraint water-immersion stress via activation of KATP channel and NF-κB dependent pathway. World J Gastroenterol. 23:87–92. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Hurley KM, Herbert H, Moga MM and Saper CB: Efferent projections of the infralimbic cortex of the rat. J Comp Neurol. 308:249–276. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Vertes RP, Hoover WB, Do Valle AC, Sherman A and Rodriguez JJ: Efferent projections of reuniens and rhomboid nuclei of the thalamus in the rat. J Comp Neurol. 499:768–796. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Vertes RP: Differential projections of the infralimbic and prelimbic cortex in the rat. Synapse. 51:32–58. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Garrick T, Buack S and Bass P: Gastric motility is a major factor in cold restraint-induced lesion formation in rats. Am J Physiol. 250:G191–G199. 1986.PubMed/NCBI

50 

Ai HB and Zhang ZD: Water-immersion stress hypercontractility gastric barrier mucus atropine phenoxybenzamine sodium pentobarbita. Sheng Li Xue Bao. 42:496–502. 1990.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

51 

Wang J, Yuan J, Pang J, Ma J, Han B, Geng Y, Shen L, Wang H, Ma Q, Wang Y and Wang M: Effects of chronic stress on cognition in male SAMP8 mice. Cell Physiol Biochem. 39:1078–1086. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Coley AA and Gao WJ: PSD95: A synaptic protein implycated In schizophrenia or autism? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 82:187–194. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Zhu D, Wu X, Strauss KI, Lipsky RH, Qureshi Z, Terhakopian A, Novelli A, Banaudha K and Marini AM: N-methyl-D-aspartate and TrkB receptors protect neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity through an extracellular signalregulated kinase pathway. J Neurosci Res. 80:104–113. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Wang JQ, Fibuch EE and Mao L: Regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by glutamate receptors. J Neurochem. 100:1–11. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhao DQ, Gong SN, Ma YJ and Zhu JP: Medial prefrontal cortex exacerbates gastric dysfunction of rats upon restraint water‑immersion stress. Mol Med Rep 20: 2303-2315, 2019.
APA
Zhao, D., Gong, S., Ma, Y., & Zhu, J. (2019). Medial prefrontal cortex exacerbates gastric dysfunction of rats upon restraint water‑immersion stress. Molecular Medicine Reports, 20, 2303-2315. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10462
MLA
Zhao, D., Gong, S., Ma, Y., Zhu, J."Medial prefrontal cortex exacerbates gastric dysfunction of rats upon restraint water‑immersion stress". Molecular Medicine Reports 20.3 (2019): 2303-2315.
Chicago
Zhao, D., Gong, S., Ma, Y., Zhu, J."Medial prefrontal cortex exacerbates gastric dysfunction of rats upon restraint water‑immersion stress". Molecular Medicine Reports 20, no. 3 (2019): 2303-2315. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10462
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhao DQ, Gong SN, Ma YJ and Zhu JP: Medial prefrontal cortex exacerbates gastric dysfunction of rats upon restraint water‑immersion stress. Mol Med Rep 20: 2303-2315, 2019.
APA
Zhao, D., Gong, S., Ma, Y., & Zhu, J. (2019). Medial prefrontal cortex exacerbates gastric dysfunction of rats upon restraint water‑immersion stress. Molecular Medicine Reports, 20, 2303-2315. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10462
MLA
Zhao, D., Gong, S., Ma, Y., Zhu, J."Medial prefrontal cortex exacerbates gastric dysfunction of rats upon restraint water‑immersion stress". Molecular Medicine Reports 20.3 (2019): 2303-2315.
Chicago
Zhao, D., Gong, S., Ma, Y., Zhu, J."Medial prefrontal cortex exacerbates gastric dysfunction of rats upon restraint water‑immersion stress". Molecular Medicine Reports 20, no. 3 (2019): 2303-2315. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10462
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team