Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
November-2019 Volume 20 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2019 Volume 20 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Activation of TGR5 alleviates inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in mice with collagen II‑induced arthritis

  • Authors:
    • Zhe‑Yong Li
    • Jing‑Jing Zhou
    • Chun‑Lei Luo
    • Le‑Meng Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310017, P.R. China, Department of Rheumatology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China, Department of Nephrology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 3150102, P.R. China, Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 4540-4550
    |
    Published online on: September 26, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10711
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by chronic inflammatory synovitis resulting in progressive joint destruction. Persistent synovial inflammation is induced by activation of various inflammatory cells. G‑protein‑coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) is a G‑protein‑coupled receptor activated by various bile acids, which has been reported to act as a key adaptor in regulating various signaling pathways involved in inflammatory responses and a diverse array of physiological processes, including bile acid synthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, carcinogenesis, immunity and inflammation. In the present study, TGR5 expression was detected in RA peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and its association with clinical disease activity, histological synovitis severity and radiological joint destruction was analyzed. Subsequently, the role and potential underlying mechanisms of TGR5 in the PBMCs of patients with RA and mice with collagen II‑induced arthritis (CIA) were investigated. PBMCs were obtained from 50 patients with RA and 40 healthy controls (HCs). The mRNA and protein expression levels of TGR5 were detected in PBMCs via reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Additionally, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines were analyzed by RT‑qPCR and enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The activation of nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) and IκB kinase a was determined via western blot analysis. The anti‑arthritic and anti‑inflammatory effects of LCA on mice with CIA were then investigated. The arthritis score was assessed, and the protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the plasma of mice were detected via ELISA. TGR5 mRNA expression was significantly downregulated in the PBMCs of patients with RA compared with in those of the HCs (0.53±0.58 for patients vs. 1.49±0.83 for HCs; P<0.001); similar findings were observed at the protein level. The mRNA expression levels of TGR5 in the PBMCs of patients with RA with a high 28‑Joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) were significantly decreased compared with in patients with a low DAS28 (0.81±0.65 for low score vs. 0.35±0.46 for high score; P=0.002). Furthermore, TGR5 expression was significantly correlated with the levels of C‑reactive protein (r=‑0.429; P=0.002) and the DAS28 (r=‑0.383; P=0.006). RT‑qPCR and ELISA analyses indicated that lithocholic acid (LCA, 10 mg/kg/day) attenuated lipopolysaccharide‑induced proinflammatory cytokine production via inhibition of NF‑κB activity in the PBMCs of patients with RA. In addition, the arthritis score was significantly decreased in LCA‑treated CIA mice compared with in non‑treated CIA mice. The increased production of tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6 and IL‑8 was significantly reduced in the plasma of LCA‑treated CIA mice compared with the control. In conclusion, TGR5 may contribute to the inflammation of PBMCs in patients with RA and mice with CIA.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Siebert S, Tsoukas A, Robertson J and McInnes I: Cytokines as therapeutic targets in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Rev. 67:280–309. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Choy EH and Panayi GS: Cytokine pathways and joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 344:907–916. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Karsdal MA, Woodworth T, Henriksen K, Maksymowych WP, Genant H, Vergnaud P, Christiansen C, Schubert T, Qvist P, Schett G, et al: Biochemical markers of ongoing joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis-current and future applications, limitations and opportunities. Arthritis Res Ther. 13:2152011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Wang Q, Ma Y, Liu D, Zhang L and Wei W: The roles of B cells and their interactions with fibroblast-like synoviocytes in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 155:205–211. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Lefevre S, Meier FM, Neumann E and Muller-Ladner U: Role of synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Pharm Des. 21:130–141. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Roberts CA, Dickinson AK and Taams LS: The interplay between monocytes/macrophages and CD4(+) T cell subsets in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol. 6:5712015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Davignon JL, Hayder M, Baron M, Boyer JF, Constantin A, Apparailly F, Poupot R and Cantagrel A: Targeting monocytes/macrophages in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 52:590–598. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Kinne RW, Stuhlmuller B and Burmester GR: Cells of the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis. Macrophages. Arthritis Res Ther. 9:2242007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Schett G: Cells of the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoclasts. Arthritis Res Ther. 9:2032007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Yokota K: Inflammation and osteoclasts. Nihon Rinsho Men'eki Gakkai kaishi. 40:367–376. 2017.(In Japanese). View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Alam J, Jantan I and Bukhari SNA: Rheumatoid arthritis: Recent advances on its etiology, role of cytokines and pharmacotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother. 92:615–633. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Mulherin D, Fitzgerald O and Bresnihan B: Synovial tissue macrophage populations and articular damage in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 39:115–124. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Yanni G, Whelan A, Feighery C and Bresnihan B: Synovial tissue macrophages and joint erosion in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 53:39–44. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Aravilli RK, Vikram SL and Kohila V: Phytochemicals as potential antidotes for targeting NF-κB in rheumatoid arthritis. 3 Biotech. 7:2532017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Roman-Blas JA and Jimenez SA: NF-κB as a potential therapeutic target in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 14:839–848. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

McInnes IB and Schett G: Cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Immunol. 7:429–442. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Schaap FG, Trauner M and Jansen PL: Bile acid receptors as targets for drug development. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 11:55–67. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Lin TH, Tang CH, Wu K, Fong YC, Yang RS and Fu WM: 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin-J2 and ciglitazone inhibit TNF-α-induced matrix metalloproteinase 13 production via the antagonism of NF-κB activation in human synovial fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol. 226:3242–3250. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Yu DD, Sousa KM, Mattern DL, Wagner J, Fu X, Vaidehi N, Forman BM and Huang W: Stereoselective synthesis, biological evaluation, and modeling of novel bile acid-derived G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GP-BAR1, TGR5) agonists. Bioorg Med Chem. 23:1613–1628. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Pols TW: TGR5 in inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Biochem Soc Trans. 42:244–249. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Russell DW and Setchell KD: Bile acid biosynthesis. Biochemistry. 31:4737–4749. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Pols TW, Noriega LG, Nomura M, Auwerx J and Schoonjans K: The bile acid membrane receptor TGR5 as an emerging target in metabolism and inflammation. J Hepatol. 54:1263–1272. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Kawamata Y, Fujii R, Hosoya M, Harada M, Yoshida H, Miwa M, Fukusumi S, Habata Y, Itoh T, Shintani Y, et al: A G protein-coupled receptor responsive to bile acids. J Biol Chem. 278:9435–9440. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Keitel V, Donner M, Winandy S, Kubitz R and Haussinger D: Expression and function of the bile acid receptor TGR5 in Kupffer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 372:78–84. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Pols TW, Nomura M, Harach T, Lo Sasso G, Oosterveer MH, Thomas C, Rizzo G, Gioiello A, Adorini L, Pellicciari R, et al: TGR5 activation inhibits atherosclerosis by reducing macrophage inflammation and lipid loading. Cell Metab. 14:747–757. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Wang YD, Chen WD, Yu D, Forman BM and Huang W: The G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor, Gpbar1 (TGR5), negatively regulates hepatic inflammatory response through antagonizing nuclear factor κ light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in mice. Hepatology. 54:1421–1432. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Haselow K, Bode JG, Wammers M, Ehlting C, Keitel V, Kleinebrecht L, Schupp AK, Häussinger D and Graf D: Bile acids PKA-dependently induce a switch of the IL-10/IL-12 ratio and reduce proinflammatory capability of human macrophages. J Leukoc Boil. 94:1253–1264. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch DA, McShane DJ, Fries JF, Cooper NS, Healey LA, Kaplan SR, Liang MH and Luthra HS: The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 31:315–324. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, Funovits J, Felson DT, Bingham CO III, Birnbaum NS, Burmester GR, Bykerk VP, Cohen MD, et al: 2010 Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: An American college of rheumatology/european league against rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 62:2569–2581. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Koh ET, Seow A, Pong LY, Koh WH, Chan L, Howe HS, Lim TH and Low CK: Cross cultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese health assessment questionnaire for use in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 25:1705–1708. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Anderson J, Caplan L, Yazdany J, Robbins ML, Neogi T, Michaud K, Saag KG, O'Dell JR and Kazi S: Rheumatoid arthritis disease activity measures: American college of rheumatology recommendations for use in clinical practice. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 64:640–647. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Jones-Bolin S: Guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals in biomedical research. Curr Protoc Pharmacol Appendix 4: Appendix 4B. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Brand DD, Latham KA and Rosloniec EF: Collagen-induced arthritis. Nat Protoc. 2:1269–1275. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Yoo SA, Park BH, Park GS, Koh HS, Lee MS, Ryu SH, Miyazawa K, Park SH, Cho CS and Kim WU: Calcineurin is expressed and plays a critical role in inflammatory arthritis. J Immunol. 177:2681–2690. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Lee H, Nah SS, Chang SH, Kim HK, Kwon JT, Lee S, Cho IH, Lee SW, Kim YO, Hong SJ and Kim HJ: PER2 is downregulated by the LPS-induced inflammatory response in synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis and is implicated in disease susceptibility. Mol Med Rep. 16:422–428. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Cho YG, Cho ML, Min SY and Kim HY: Type II collagen autoimmunity in a mouse model of human rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev. 7:65–70. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Mo YQ, Dai L, Zheng DH, Zhu LJ, Wei XN, Pessler F, Shen J and Zhang BY: Synovial infiltration with CD79a-positive B cells, but not other B cell lineage markers, correlates with joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 38:2301–2308. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Zhu LJ, Dai L, Zheng DH, Mo YQ, Ou-Yang X, Wei XN, Shen J and Zhang BY: Upregulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 correlated with synovitis severity in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 14:R1332012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Smeets TJ, Barg EC, Kraan MC, Smith MD, Breedveld FC and Tak PP: Analysis of the cell infiltrate and expression of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in arthroscopic synovial biopsies: Comparison with synovial samples from patients with end stage, destructive rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 62:635–638. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Proudman SM, Cleland LG and Mayrhofer G: Effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1beta, and activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells on the expression of adhesion molecules and recruitment of leukocytes in rheumatoid synovial xenografts in SCID mice. J Rheumatol. 26:1877–1889. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

42 

Högenauer K, Arista L, Schmiedeberg N, Werner G, Jaksche H, Bouhelal R, Nguyen DG, Bhat BG, Raad L, Rauld C and Carballido JM: G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1, TGR5) agonists reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines and stabilize the alternative macrophage phenotype. J Med Chem. 57:10343–10354. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Ichikawa R, Takayama T, Yoneno K, Kamada N, Kitazume MT, Higuchi H, Matsuoka K, Watanabe M, Itoh H, Kanai T, et al: Bile acids induce monocyte differentiation toward interleukin-12 hypo-producing dendritic cells via a TGR5-dependent pathway. Immunology. 136:153–162. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Makarov SS: NF-kappa B in rheumatoid arthritis: A pivotal regulator of inflammation, hyperplasia, and tissue destruction. Arthritis Res. 3:200–206. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Mor A, Abramson SB and Pillinger MH: The fibroblast-like synovial cell in rheumatoid arthritis: A key player in inflammation and joint destruction. Clin Immunol. 115:118–128. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Zheng Y, Sun L, Jiang T, Zhang D, He D and Nie H: TNFalpha promotes Th17 cell differentiation through IL-6 and IL-1beta produced by monocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol Res. 2014:3853522014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Xin W, Huang C, Zhang X, Xin S, Zhou Y, Ma X, Zhang D, Li Y, Zhou S, Zhang D, et al: Methyl salicylate lactoside inhibits inflammatory response of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and joint destruction in collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Br J Pharmacol. 171:3526–3538. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Szekanecz Z, Kim J and Koch AE: Chemokines and chemokine receptors in rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Immunol. 15:15–21. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Smolen JS, Landewe R, Bijlsma J, Burmester G, Chatzidionysiou K, Dougados M, Nam J, Ramiro S, Voshaar M, van Vollenhoven R, et al: EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2016 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 76:960–977. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Italiani P and Boraschi D: From monocytes to M1/M2 macrophages: Phenotypical vs. Functional differentiation. Front Immunol. 5:5142014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Dey A, Allen J and Hankey-Giblin PA: Ontogeny and polarization of macrophages in inflammation: Blood monocytes versus tissue macrophages. Front Immunol. 5:6832015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Gordon S and Taylor PR: Monocyte and macrophage heterogeneity. Nat Rev Immunol. 5:953–964. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Crocker I, Lawson N and Fletcher J: Effect of pregnancy and obstructive jaundice on inflammatory diseases: The work of P S hench revisited. Ann Rheum Dis. 61:307–310. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Rutkauskaite E, Zacharias W, Schedel J, Müller-Ladner U, Mawrin C, Seemayer CA, Alexander D, Gay RE, Aicher WK, Michel BA, et al: Ribozymes that inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinase 1 reduce the invasiveness of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Arthritis Rheum. 50:1448–1456. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Ma JD, Zhou JJ, Zheng DH, Chen LF, Mo YQ, Wei XN, Yang LJ and Dai L: Serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 as a noninvasive biomarker of histological synovitis for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Mediators Inflammation. 2014:1792842014. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Li ZY, Zhou JJ, Luo CL and Zhang LM: Activation of TGR5 alleviates inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in mice with collagen II‑induced arthritis. Mol Med Rep 20: 4540-4550, 2019.
APA
Li, Z., Zhou, J., Luo, C., & Zhang, L. (2019). Activation of TGR5 alleviates inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in mice with collagen II‑induced arthritis. Molecular Medicine Reports, 20, 4540-4550. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10711
MLA
Li, Z., Zhou, J., Luo, C., Zhang, L."Activation of TGR5 alleviates inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in mice with collagen II‑induced arthritis". Molecular Medicine Reports 20.5 (2019): 4540-4550.
Chicago
Li, Z., Zhou, J., Luo, C., Zhang, L."Activation of TGR5 alleviates inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in mice with collagen II‑induced arthritis". Molecular Medicine Reports 20, no. 5 (2019): 4540-4550. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10711
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Li ZY, Zhou JJ, Luo CL and Zhang LM: Activation of TGR5 alleviates inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in mice with collagen II‑induced arthritis. Mol Med Rep 20: 4540-4550, 2019.
APA
Li, Z., Zhou, J., Luo, C., & Zhang, L. (2019). Activation of TGR5 alleviates inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in mice with collagen II‑induced arthritis. Molecular Medicine Reports, 20, 4540-4550. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10711
MLA
Li, Z., Zhou, J., Luo, C., Zhang, L."Activation of TGR5 alleviates inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in mice with collagen II‑induced arthritis". Molecular Medicine Reports 20.5 (2019): 4540-4550.
Chicago
Li, Z., Zhou, J., Luo, C., Zhang, L."Activation of TGR5 alleviates inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in mice with collagen II‑induced arthritis". Molecular Medicine Reports 20, no. 5 (2019): 4540-4550. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10711
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team