Low molecular weight heparin (nadroparin) improves placental permeability in rats with gestational diabetes mellitus via reduction of tight junction factors

Shi,Yuehua; Qian,Jie; Zhang,Feng; Jia,Beibei; Liu,Xiaoyan; Hu,Yan; Zhang,Qinfen; Yang,Ye; Sun,Dongdong; Jiang,Li

doi:10.3892/mmr.2019.10868

Low molecular weight heparin (nadroparin) improves placental permeability in rats with gestational diabetes mellitus via reduction of tight junction factors

Authors:
- Yuehua Shi
- Jie Qian
- Feng Zhang
- Beibei Jia
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Yan Hu
- Qinfen Zhang
- Ye Yang
- Dongdong Sun
- Li Jiang
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Affiliations: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China, Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, P.R. China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumors, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China, Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
Published online on: December 6, 2019 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10868
Pages: 623-630
Copyright: © Shi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Placental structural abnormalities and dysfunction in those with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can lead to increased placental permeability, which is in turn related to a poorer maternal and fetal prognosis. The present study sought to assess whether increased placental permeability in rats with GDM was accompanied by alterations in tight junction (TJ) factors and to evaluate the impact of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on these factors. The present study was conducted using pregnant female rats that were randomized into control, GDM and GDM + LMWH groups. Diabetes was induced via intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin to rats in the GDM and GDM + LMWH groups, whereas rats in the GDM + LMWH group received daily subcutaneous LMWH starting on day 5 of pregnancy. On gestational day 16, all rats were sacrificed and Evans Blue (EB) assay was used to gauge vascular permeability based on EB dye leakage. Transmission electron microscopy was further used to assess TJ structures, and the TJ proteins zonular occludens‑1 (ZO‑1) and occludin (OCLN) were assessed using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Blood samples were obtained from the abdominal aorta for ELISA measurements of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) concentrations, and placental receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was assessed using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. In addition, western blotting was used to measure placental NF‑κB. Compared with in the control group, EB leakage was markedly increased in GDM group rats; this was associated with reduced ZO‑1 and OCLN expression. Conversely, LMWH attenuated this increase in placental permeability in rats with GDM and also mediated a partial recovery of ZO‑1 and OCLN expression. Blood glucose and serum AGEs concentrations did not differ between the GDM and GDM + LMWH groups. Furthermore, LMWH treatment resulted in decreases in RAGE and VEGF mRNA expression levels, which were upregulated in the GDM group, whereas it had the opposite effect on the expression of NF‑κB. In conclusion, GDM was associated with increased placental permeability and this may be linked with changes in TJs. LMWH intervention mediated protection against this GDM‑associated shift in placental permeability via the RAGE/NF‑κB pathway.

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