Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
September-2020 Volume 22 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2020 Volume 22 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Telomerase and telomeres in aging theory and chronographic aging theory (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Mayya P. Razgonova
    • Alexander M. Zakharenko
    • Kirill S. Golokhvast
    • Maria Thanasoula
    • Evangelia Sarandi
    • Konstantinos Nikolouzakis
    • Persefoni Fragkiadaki
    • Dimitris Tsoukalas
    • Demetrios A. Spandidos
    • Aristidis Tsatsakis
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: N.I. Vavilov All‑Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Saint‑Petersburg, Russia, Metabolomic Μedicine, Health Clinics for Autoimmune and Chronic Diseases, 10674 Athens, Greece, Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
    Copyright: © Razgonova et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1679-1694
    |
    Published online on: June 25, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11274
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The current review focuses on the connection of telomerase and telomeres with aging. In this review, we describe the changes in telomerase and telomere length (TEL) during development, their role in carcinogenesis processes, and the consequences of reduced telomerase activity. More specifically, the connection of TEL in peripheral blood cells with the development of aging‑associated diseases is discussed. The review provides systematic data on the role of telomerase in mitochondria, the biology of telomeres in stem cells, as well as the consequences of the forced expression of telomerase (telomerization) in human cells. Additionally, it presents the effects of chronic stress exposure on telomerase activity, the effect of TEL on fertility, and the effect of nutraceutical supplements on TEL. Finally, a comparative review of the chronographic theory of aging, presented by Olovnikov is provided based on currently available scientific research on telomere, telomerase activity, and the nature of aging by multicellular organisms.
View Figures

Figure 1

View References

1 

Morgan TH: Random segregation versus coupling in Mendelian inheritance. Science. 34:636–638. 1911. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

McClintock B: Cytological observations of deficiencies involving known genes, translocations and an inversion in Zea mays. Mo Agric Exp Res Stn Res Bull. 163:1–30. 1931.

3 

Möller HJ: The remaking of chromosomes. Collecting Net. 8:182–198. 1938.

4 

Blackburn EH and Gall JG: A tandemly repeated sequence at the termini of the extrachromosomal ribosomal RNA genes in Tetrahymena. J Mol Biol. 120:33–53. 1978. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

De Lange T, Lundblad V and Blackburn EH: Telomeres. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; New York, NY: pp. 21–48. 2006

6 

Hsu TC, Arrighi FE and Saunders GF: Compositional heterogeneity of human heterochromatin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 69:1464–1466. 1972. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Watson JD: Origin of concatemeric T7 DNA. Nat N Biol. 239:197–201. 1972. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Olovnikov AM: The principle of marginotomy in the matrix synthesis of polynucleotides. Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR. 201:1496–1499. 1971.PubMed/NCBI

9 

Shay JW and Wright WE: Telomerase activity in human cancer. Cur Opin Oncol. 8:66–71. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Bodnar AG, Ouellette M, Frolkis M, Holt SE, Chiu CP, Morin GB, Harley CB, Shay JW, Lichtsteiner S and Wright WE: Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells. Science. 279:349–352. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Martin M: The biology of aging: 1985–2010 and beyond. FASEB J. 25:3756–3762. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Thanasoula M, Escandell JM, Martinez P, Badie S, Muñoz P, Blasco MA and Tarsounas M: p53 prevents entry into mitosis with uncapped telomeres. Curr Biol. 20:521–526. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Thanasoula M, Escandell JM, Suwaki N and Tarsounas M: ATM/ATR checkpoint activation downregulates CDC25C to prevent mitotic entry with uncapped telomeres. EMBO J. 31:3398–3410. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Tejera AM, Stagno d'Alcontres M, Thanasoula M, Marion RM, Martinez P, Liao C, Flores JM, Tarsounas M and Blasco MA: TPP1 is required for TERT recruitment, telomere elongation during nuclear reprogramming, and normal skin development in mice. Dev Cell. 18:775–789. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Martínez P, Thanasoula M, Muñoz P, Liao C, Tejera A, McNees C, Flores JM, Fernández-Capetillo O, Tarsounas M and Blasco MA: Increased telomere fragility and fusions resulting from TRF1 deficiency lead to degenerative pathologies and increased cancer in mice. Genes. 23:2060–2075. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Hayflick L and Moorhead PS: The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains. Exp Cell Res. 25:585–621. 1961. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Lehman IR, Bessman MJ, Simms ES and Kornberg A: Enzymatic synthesis of deoxynucleic acid. I. Preparation of substances and partial purification of an enzyme from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 233:163–170. 1958.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Bessman MJ, Lehman IR, Simms ES and Kornberg A: Enzymatic synthesis of deoxynucleic acid. II. General properties of the reaction J Biol Chem. 233:171–177. 1958.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Olovnikov AM: A Theory of marginotomy. The incomplete copying of template margin in enzymic synthesis of poly nucleotides and biological significance of the phenomenon. J Theor Biol. 41:181–190. 1973. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Greider CW and Blackburn EH: The telomere terminal transferase of tetrahymena is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme with 2 kinds of primer specificity. Cell. 51:887–898. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Harley CB, Vaziri H, Counter CM and Allsop RC: The telomere hypothesis of cellular aging. Exp Gerontol. 27:375–382. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Greider CW and Blackburn EH: Telomeres, telomerase and cancer. Sci Am. 274:92–97. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Chan SRWL and Blackburn EH: Telomeres and telomerase. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 359:109–121. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Epel ES, Blackburn EH, Lin J, Dhabha FS, Adler NE, Morrow JD and Cawthon RM: Accelerated telomere shortening in response to life stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101:17312–17315. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Osterhage JL and Friedman KL: Chromosome end maintenance by telomerase. J Biol Chem. 284:16061–16065. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Yudoh K, Matsuno H, Nezuka T and Kimura T: Different mechanisms of synovial hyperplasia in rheumatoid arthritis and pigmented villonodular synovitis: The role of telomerase activity in synovial proliferation. Arthritis Rheum. 42:669–677. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Hiyama E and Hiyama K: Telomere and telomerase in stem cells. Br J Cancer. 96:1020–1024. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Fujii H, Shao L, Colmegna I, Goronzy JJ and Weyand CM: Telomerase insufficiency in rheumatoid arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 106:4360–4365. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Katayama Y and Kohriyama K: Telomerase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of systemic connective tissue diseases. J Rheumatol. 28:288–291. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Georgin-Lavialle S, Aouba A, Mouthon L, Londono-Vallego JA, Lepelletier Y, Gabet AS and Hermine O: The telomere/telomerase system in autoimmune and systemic immune-mediated diseases. Autoimmun Rev. 9:646–651. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Vakonaki E, Tsiminikaki K, Plaitis S, Fragkiadaki P, Tsoukalas D, Katsikantami I, Vaki G, Tzatzarakis MN, Spandidos DA and Tsatsakis AM: Common mental disorders and association with telomere length. Biomed Rep. 8:111–116. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Akbar AN and Vukmanovic-Stejic M: Telomerase in T lymphocytes: Use it and lose it? J Immunol. 178:6689–6694. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Tomlinson RL, Ziegler TD, Supakorndej T, Terns RM and Terns MP: Cell cycle-regulated trafficking of human telomerase to telomeres. Mol Biol Cell. 17:955–965. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Ksiazek K, Passos JF, Olijslagers S, Saretzki G, Martin-Ruiz C and von Zglinicki T: Premature senescence of mesothelial cells is associated with non-telomeric DNA damage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 362:707–711. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Yeager TR, Neumann AA, Englezou A, Huschtscha LI, Noble JR and Reddel RR: Telomerase-negative immortalized human cells contain a novel type of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) body. Cancer Res. 59:4175–4179. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

36 

Bryan TM, Englezou A, Gupta J, Bacchetti S and Reddel RR: Telomere elongation in immortal human cells without detectable telomerase activity. EMBO J. 14:4240–4248. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Perrem K, Colgin LM, Neumann AA, Yeager TR and Reddel RR: Coexistence of alternative lengthening of telomeres and telomerase in hTERT-transfected GM847 cells. Mol Cell Biol. 21:3862–3875. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Dunham MA, Neumann AA, Fasching CL and Reddel RR: Telomere maintenance by recombination in human cells. Nat Genet. 26:447–450. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Varley H, Pickett HA, Foxon JL, Reddel RR and Royle NJ: Molecular characterization of inter-telomere and intra-telomere mutations in human ALT cells. Nat Genet. 30:301–305. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Cesare AJ and Reddel RR: Alternative lengthening of telomeres: Models, mechanisms and implications. Nat Rev Genet. 11:319–330. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Zencir S, Hsieh MH, Hsu JS, Ergun Y, Chou GL, Li TK, Teng SC and Topcu Z: Selected Ellipticine derivatives, known to target topoisomerase II, suppress the alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) pathway in telomerase-negative cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 146:1671–1676. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Kashubowska L: Telomere shortening and ageing of immune systems. J Physiol Pharmacol. 59:169–186. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

43 

Klapper W, Moosig F, Sotnikova A, Qian W, Schroeder JO and Parwaresch R: Telomerase activity in B and T lymphocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 63:1681–1683. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Blinova EA, Zinnatova EV, Barkovskaya MSh, Borisov VI, Sizikov AE, Kozhevnikov VS, Rubtsov NB and Kozlov VA: Telomere length of individual chromosomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Bull Exp Biol Med. 160:779–782. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Lin J, Xie J and Qian WB: Telomerase activity and telomere length in CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+ lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 34:534–537. 2005.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

46 

Wu K, Higashi N, Hansen ER, Lund M, Bang K and Thestrup-Pedersen K: Telomerase activity is increased and telomere length shortened in T-cells from blood of patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. J Immunol. 165:4742–4747. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Bishop NA, Lu T and Yankner BA: Neural mechanisms of ageing and cognitive decline. Nature. 464:529–535. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Sun N, Youle RJ and Finkel T: The mitochondrial basis of aging. Mol Cell. 61:654–666. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Vyas S, Zaganjor E and Haigis MC: Mitochondria and cancer Cell. 166:555–566. 2016.

50 

Wallace D: Mitochondria and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 12:685–698. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Kausar S, Wang F and Cui H: The role of mitochondria in reactive oxygen species and its implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Cells. 7:2742018. View Article : Google Scholar

52 

Lane N and Martin W: The energetics of genome complexity. Nature. 467:929–934. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Anderson S, Bankier AT, Barrell BG, de Bruijn MH, Coulson AR, Drouin J, Eperon IC, Nierlich DP, Roe BA, Sanger F, et al: Sequence and organization of the human mitohondrial genome. Nature. 290:457–465. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Ojala D, Montoya J and Attardi G: tRNA punctuation model of RNA processing in human mitochondria. Nature. 290:470–471. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Nagaike T, Suzuki T, Katoh T and Ueda T: Human mitochondrial mRNAs are stabilized with polyadenylation regulated by mitochondria-specific poly(A) polymerase and polynucleotide phosphorylase. J Biol Chem. 280:19721–19727. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Zhang X, Zuo X, Yang B, Li Z, Xue Y, Zhou Y, Huang J, Zhao X, Zhou J, Yan Y, et al: MicroRNA directly enhances mitochondrial translation during muscle differentiation. Cell. 8:607–619. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

57 

Jacquier A: The complex euaryotic transcriptome: Unexpected pervasive transcription and novel small RNAs. Nat Rev Genet. 10:833–844. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Artlett CM, Black CM, Briggs DC, Stevens CO and Welsh KI: Telomere reduction in scleroderma patients: A possible cause for chromosomal instability. Br J Rheumatol. 35:732–737. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Mercer TR, Neph S, Dinger ME, Crawford J, Smith MA, Shearwood AM, Haugen E, Bracken CP, Rackham O, Stamatoyannopoulos JA, et al: The human mitochondrial transcriptome. Cell. 146:645–658. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

Wang G, Chen HW, Oktay Y, Zhang J, Allen EL, Smith GM, Fan KC, Hong JS, French SW and McCaffery JM: PNPASE regulates RNA import into mitochondria. Cell. 142:456–467. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

Cheng Y, Liu P, Zheng Q, Gao G, Yuan J, Wang P, Huang J, Xie L, Lu X, Tong T, et al: Mitochondrial trafficking and processing of telomerase RNA TERC. Cell Rep. 24:2589–2595. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

62 

Haendeler J, Hoffmann J, Diehl JF, Vasa M, Spyridopoulos I, Zeiher AM and Dimmeler S: Antioxidants inhibit nuclear export of telomerase reverse transcriptase and delay replicative senescence of endothelial cells. Circ Res. 94:768–775. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

63 

Santos JH, Meyer JN, Skorvaga M, Annab LA and Van Houten B: Mitochondrial hTERT exacerbates free-radical-mediated mtDNA damage. Aging Cell. 3:399–411. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

64 

De Punder K, Heim C, Wadhwa PD and Entringer S: Stress and immunosenescence: The role of telomerase. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 101:87–100. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

65 

Vickers M, Brown GC, Cologne JB and Kyoizumi S: Modelling heaemopoietic stem cell division by analysis of mutant red cells. Br J Haematol. 2000:54–62. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

66 

Greenwood MJ and Lansdorp PM: Telomeres, telomerase, and hematopoietic stem cell biology. Arch Med Res. 34:489–495. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

67 

Rufer N, Brümmendorf TH, Kolvraa S, Bischoff C, Christensen K, Wadsworth L, Schulzer M and Lansdorp PM: Telomere fluorescence measurements in granulocytes and T lymphocyte subsets point to a high turnover of hematopoietic stem cells and memory T cells in early childhood. J Exp Med. 190:157–167. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

68 

Verfaillie CM, Pera MF and Lansdorp PM: Stem cells: Hype and reality. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2002:369–391. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

69 

Wynn RF, Cross MA, Hatton C, Will AM, Lashford LS, Dexter TM and Testa NG: Accelerated telomere shortening in young recipients of allogeneic bone-marrow transplants. Lancet. 351:178–181. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

70 

Scheding S, Ersöz I, Hartmann U, Bartolvic K, Balabanov S, Salama A, Kanz L and Brümmendorf TH: Peripheral blood cell telomere length measurements indicate that hematopoietic stem cell turnover is not significantly increased in whole blood and apheresis PLT donors. Transfusion. 43:1089–1095. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

71 

Weng NP, Levine BL, June CH and Hodes RJ: Human naive and memory T lymphocytes differ in telomeric length and replicative potential. Proc Natl Nat Acad Sci USA. 92:11091–11094. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar

72 

Jiang Y, Jahagirdar BN, Reinhardt RL, Schwartz RE, Keene CD, Ortiz-Gonzalez XR, Reyes M, Lenvik T, Lund T, Blackstad M, et al: Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow. Nature. 418:41–49. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

73 

Simonsen JL, Rosada C, Serakinci N, Justesen J, Stenderup K, Rattan SI, Jensen TG and Kassem M: Telomerase expression extends the proliferative life-span and maintains the osteogenic potential of human bone marrow stromal cells. Nat Biotechnol. 20:592–596. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

74 

Shi S, Gronthos S, Chen S, Reddi A, Counter CM, Robey PG and Wang CY: Bone formation by human postnatal bone marrow stromal stem cells is enhanced by telomerase expression. Nat Biotechnol. 20:587–591. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

75 

Satija NK, Gurudutta GU, Sharma S, Afrin F, Gupta P, Verma YK, Singh VK and Tripathi RP: Mesenchymal stem cells: Molecular targets for tissue engineering. Stem Cells Dev. 16:7–23. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

76 

Lessard J and Sauvageau G: Bmi-1 determines the proliferative capacity of normal and leukaemic stem cells. Nature. 423:255–260. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

77 

Marx J: Cancer research. Mutant stem cells may seed cancer. Science. 301:1308–1310. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

78 

Armanios M and Greider CW: Telomerase and cancer stem cells. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 70:205–208. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

79 

Zimmermann S and Martens UM: Telomeres, senescence, and hematopoietic stem cells. Cell Tissue Res. 331:79–90. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

80 

Kuhn G, Brustle O, Martens U, Wobus A and Unsicker K: Stem cells: Established facts, open issues, and future directions. Cell and Tissue Res. 331:1–3. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

81 

Yegorov YE, Vishnyakova KS, Terekhov SM and Zelenin AV: Telomerization of diploid fibroblasts does not lead to substantial changes in cell sensitivity to common cytostatics. Biologicheskie Membrany. 23:370–375. 2006.

82 

Saretzki G, Armstrong L, Leake A, Lako M and von Zglinicki T: Stress defense in murine embryonic stem cells is superior to that of various differentiated murine cells. Stem Cells. 22:962–971. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

83 

Atkinson SP, Hoare SF, Glasspool RM and Keith WN: Lack of telomerase gene expression in alternative lengthening of telomere cells is associated with chromatin remodeling of the hTR and hTERT gene promoters. Cancer Res. 65:7585–7590. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

84 

Serakinci N, Hoare SF, Kassem M, Atkinson SP and Keith WN: Telomerase promoter reprogramming and interaction with general transcription factors in the human mesenchymal stem cell. Regen Med. 1:125–131. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

85 

Richter T, Saretzki G, Nelson G, Melcher M, Olijslagers S and von Zglinicki T: TRF2 overexpression diminishes repair of telomeric single-strand breaks and accelerates telomere shortening in human fibroblasts. Mech Ageing Dev. 128:340–345. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

86 

Ito K, Hirao A, Arai F, Takubo K, Matsuoka S, Miyamoto K, Ohmura M, Naka K, Hosokawa K, Ikeda Y and Suda T: Reactive oxygen species act through p38 MAPK to limit the lifespan of hematopoietic stem cells. Nat Med. 12:446–451. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

87 

Lonergan T, Brenner C and Bavister B: Differentiation-related changes in mitochondrial properties as indicators of stem cell competence. J Cell Physiol. 208:149–153. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

88 

Passos JF, von Zglinicki T and Kirkwood TB: Mitochondria and ageing: Winning and losing in the numbers game. Bioessays. 29:908–917. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

89 

Lee HC, Yin PH, Chi CW and Wei YH: Increase in mitochondrial mass in human fibroblasts under oxidative stress and during replicative cell senescence. J Biomed Sci. 9:517–526. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

90 

Walter M, Davies JP and Ioannou YA: Telomerase immortalization upregulates Rab9 expression and restores LDL cholesterol egress from Niemann-Pick C1 late endosomes. J Lipid Res. 44:243–253. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

91 

Jiang LW, Maher VM, McCormick JJ and Schindler M: Alkalinization of the lysosomes is correlated with Ras transformation of murine and human fibroblasts. J Biol Chem. 265:4775–4777. 1990.PubMed/NCBI

92 

Martinez-Botas J, Ferruelo AJ, Suarez Y, Fernandez C, Gomez-Coronado D and Lasuncion MA: Dose-dependent effects of lovastatin on cell cycle progression. Distinct requirement of cholesterol and non-sterol mevalonate derivatives. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1532:185–194. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

93 

Condon J, Yin S, Mayhew B, Word RA, Wright WE, Shay JW and Rainey WE: Telomerase immortalization of human myometrial cells. Biol Biol Reprod Reprod. 2002:506–514. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

94 

McKee JA, Banik SS, Boyer MJ, Hamad NM, Lawson JH, Niklason LE and Counter CM: Human arteries engineered in vitro. EMBO Rep. 4:633–638. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

95 

Klinger RY, Blum JL, Hearn B, Lebow B and Niklason LE: Relevance and safety of telomerase for human tissue engineering. Proc Natl Nat Acad Sci USA. 2006:2500–2505. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

96 

Maximow A: Der Lymphozyt als gemeinsame Stammzelle der verschiedenen Blutelemente in der embryonalen Entwicklung und im postfetalen Leben der Saugetiere. (Demonstrationsvortrag, gehalten in der ausserordentlichen Sitzung der Berliner, Hamatologischen Gesellschaft am 1. Jun 1909. Folia Haematol. 8:125–134. 1909.(In German).

97 

Simon NM, Smoller JW, McNamara KL, Maser RS, Zalta AK, Pollack MH, Nierenberg AA, Fava M and Wong KK: Telomere shortening and mood disorders: Preliminary support for a chronic stress model of accelerated aging. Biol Psychiatr. 60:432–435. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

98 

Ramirez R, Carracedo J, Soriano S, Jimenez R, Martin-Malo A, Rodriguez M, Blasco M and Aljama P: Stress induced-induced premature senescence in mononuclear cells from patients on long term-term hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 45:353–359. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

99 

Lung FW, Chen NC and Shu BC: Genetic pathway of major depressive disorder in shortening telomeric length. Psychiatr Genet. 17:195–199. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

100 

Epel ES, Lin J, Wilhelm FH, Wolkowitz OM, Cawthon R, Adler NE, Dolbier C, Mendes WB and Blackburn EH: Cell aging in relation to stress arousal and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 31:277–287. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

101 

Epel ES, Lin J, Dhabhar FS, Wolkowitz OM, Puterman E, Karan L and Blackburn EH: Dynamics of telomerase activity in response to acute psychological stress. Brain Behav Immun. 24:531–539. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

102 

Zalli A, Carvalho LA, Lin J, Hamer M, Erusalimsky JD, Blackburn EH and Steptoe A: Shorter telomeres with high telomerase activity are associated with raised allostatic load and impoverished psychosocial resources. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 111:4519–4524. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

103 

Aschbacher K, O'Donovan A, Wolkowitz A, Dhabhar OM, Su FS and Epel E: Good stress, bad stress and oxidative stress: Insights Insights from anticipatory cortisol reactivity. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 38:1698–1708. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

104 

Spivak IM, Mikhelson VM and Spivak DL: Telomere length, telomerase activity, stress, and aging. Adv Gerontol. 6:29–35. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

105 

Lansdorp PM: Stress, social rank and leukocyte telomere length. Aging Cell. 5:583–584. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

106 

Adams J, Martin Ruiz-Ruiz C, Pearce MS, White MS, Parker L and von Zglinicki T: No association between socio economic-economic status and white blood cell telomere length. Aging Cell. 6:125–128. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

107 

Epel ES: Psychological and metabolic stress: A recipe for accelerated cellular aging? Hormones. 8:7–22. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

108 

O'Donovan A, Lin J, Tillie J, Dhabhar FS, Wolkowitz OM, Blackburn EH and Epel ES: Pessimism correlates with leukocyte telomere shortness and elevated interleukin-6 in post-menopausal women. Brain Behav Immun. 23:446–449. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

109 

Lin J, Epel E and Blackburn E: Telomeres and lifestyle factors: Roles in cellular aging. Mutat Res. 730:85–89. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

110 

Farzaneh-Far R, Lin J, Epel ES, Harris WS, Blackburn EH and Whooley MA: Association of marine omega-3 fatty acid levels with telomeric aging in patients with coronary heart disease. JAMA. 303:250–257. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

111 

Tsuboi H, Shimoi K, Kinae N, Oguni I, Hori R and Kobayashi F: Depressive symptoms are independently correlated with lipid peroxidation in a female population: Comparison Comparison with vitamins and carotenoids. J Psychosom Res. 56:53–58. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

112 

Forlenza MJ and Miller GE: Increased serum levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in clinical depression. Psychosom Med. 68:1–7. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

113 

Von Zglinicki T: Oxidative stress shortens telomeres. Trends Biochem Sci. 27:339–344. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

114 

Haendeler J, Hoffmann J, Brandes RP, Zeiher AM and Dimmeler S: Hydrogen peroxide triggers nuclear export of telomerase reverse transcriptase via Src kinase family-dependent phosphorylation of tyrosine 707. Mol Cell Biol. 23:4598–4610. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

115 

Romieu I, Garcia-Esteban R, Sunyer J, Rios C, Alcaraz- Zubeldia M, Velasco SR and Holguin F: The effect of supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on markers of oxidative stress in elderly exposed to PM(2.5). Environ Environ Health Perspect. 116:1237–1242. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

116 

Graham JE, Christian LM and Kiecolt-Glaser JK: Stress, age, and immune function: Toward a lifespan approach. J Behav Med. 29:389–400. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

117 

Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Loving TJ, Stowell JR, Malarkey WB, Lemeshow S, Dickinson SL and Glaser R: Hostile marital interactions, proinflammatory cytokine production, and wound healing. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 62:1377–1384. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

118 

Liu JP, Chen SM, Cong YS, Nicholls C, Zhou SF, Tao ZZ and Li H: Regulation of telomerase activity by apparently opposing elements. Ageing Res Rev. 9:45–256. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

119 

Tu W, Zhang DK, Cheung PT, Tsao SW and Lau YL: Effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 on PHA-stimulated cord blood mononuclear cell telomerase activity. Br J Haematol. 104:785–794. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

120 

Haik S, Gauthier LR, Granotier C, Peyrin JM, Lages CS, Dormont D and Boussin FD: Fibroblast growth factor 2 up regulates telomerase activity in neural precursor cells. Oncogene. 19:2957–2966. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

121 

Kurz DJ, Hong Y, Trivier E, Huang HL, Decary S, Zang GH, Luscher TF and Erusalimsky JD: Fibroblast growth factor-2, but not vascular endothelial growth factor, upregulates telomerase activity in human endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 23:748–754. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

122 

Carmeliet P and Jain RK: Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases. Nature. 407:249–257. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

123 

Trivier E, Kurz DJ, Hong Y, Huang HL and Erusalimsky JD: Differential regulation of telomerase in endothelial cells by fibroblast growth factor-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-a: Association with replicative life span. Ann NY Acad Sci USA. 1019:111–115. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

124 

Bermudez Y, Yang H, Saunders BO, Cheng JQ, Nicosia SV and Kruk PA: VEGF- and LPA-induced telomerase in human ovarian cancer cells is Sp1-dependent. Gynecol Oncol. 106:526–537. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

125 

Nakagawa K, Eitsuka T, Inokuchi H and Miyazawa T: DNA chip analysis of comprehensive food function: Inhibition of angiogenesis and telomerase activity with unsaturated vitamin E Tocotrienol. Biofactors. 21:5–10. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

126 

Bermudez Y, Ahmadi S, Lowell NE and Kruk PA: Vitamin E suppresses telomerase activity in ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Detect Prev. 31:119–128. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

127 

Jacobs EG, Kroenke C, Lin J, Epel ES, Kenna HA, Blackburn EH and Rasgon NL: Accelerated cell aging in female APOE-ε4 carriers: Implications Implications for hormone therapy use. PLoS One. 8:e547132013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

128 

Damjanovic AK, Yang Y, Glaser R, Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Nguyen H, Laskowski B, Zou Y, Beversdorf DQ and Weng NP: Accelerated telomere erosion is associated with a declining immune function of caregivers of Alzheimer's′ disease patients. J Immunol. 179:4249–4254. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

129 

Effros RB: Ageing and the immune system. Novartis Found Symp. 235:130–149. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

130 

Effros RB: Telomerase induction in T cells: A cure for aging and disease? Exp Gerontol. 42:416–420. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

131 

Choi J, Fauce SR and Effros RB: Reduced telomerase activity in human T-lymphocytes lymphocytes exposed to cortisol. Brain Behav Immun. 22:600–605. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

132 

Ornish D, Lin J, Daubenmier J, Weidner G, Epel E, Kemp C, Magbanua MJ, Marlin R, Yglecias L, Carroll PR and Blackburn EH: Increased telomerase activity and comprehensive lifestyle changes: A pilot study. Lancet Oncol. 9:1048–1057. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

133 

Puterman E, Lin J, Blackburn E, O'Donovan A, Adler N and Epel E: The power of exercise: Buffering the effect of chronic stress on telomere length. PLoS One. 5:e108372010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

134 

Kiefer A, Lin J, Blackburn E and Epel E: Dietary restraint and telomere length in pre- and postmenopausal women. Psychosom Med. 70:845–849. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

135 

Puterman E, Epel ES, Lin J, Blackburn EH, Gross JJ, Whooley MA and Cohen BE: Multisystem resiliency moderates the major depression-telomere length association: Findings findings from the heart and soul study. Brain Behav Immun. 3:65–73. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

136 

Wolkowitz OM, Mellon SH, Epel ES, Lin J, Dhabhar FS, Su Y, Reus VI, Rosser R, Burke HM, Kupferman E, et al: Leukocyte telomere length in major depression: Correlations with chronicity, inflammation and oxidative stress-preliminary findings. PLoS One. 6:178372011. View Article : Google Scholar

137 

De Punder K, Heim C, Przesdzing I, Wadhwa PD and Entringer S: Characterization in humans of in vitro leucocyte maximal telomerase activity capacity and association with stress. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci. 373:201604412018. View Article : Google Scholar

138 

Bauer ME, Vedhara K, Perks P, Wilcock GK, Lightman SL and Shanks N: Chronic stress in caregivers of dementia patients is associated with reduced lymphocyte sensitivity to glucocorticoids. J Neuroimmunol. 103:84–92. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

139 

Buchkovich KJ and Greider CW: Telomerase regulation during entry into the cell cycle in normal human T cells. Mol Biol Cell. 7:1443–1454. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

140 

Kawauchi K, Ihjima K and Yamada O: IL-2 increases human telomerase reverse transcriptase activity transcriptionally and posttranslationally through phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase/Akt, heat shock protein 90, and mammalian target of rapamycin in transformed NK cells. J Immunol. 174:5261–5269. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

141 

Valenzuela HF and Effros RB: Divergent telomerase and CD28 expression patterns in human CD4 and CD8 T cells following repeated encounters with the same antigenic stimulus. Clin Immunol. 105:117–125. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

142 

Jacobs TL, Epel ES, Lin J, Blackburn EH, Wolkowitz OM, Bridwell DA, Zanesco AP, Aichele SR, Sahdra BK, MacLean KA, et al: Intensive meditation training, immune cell telomerase activity, and psychological mediators. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 36:664–681. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

143 

Vasilopoulos E, Fragkiadaki P, Kalliora C, Fragou D, Docea AO, Vakonaki E, Tsoukalas D, Calina D, Buga AM, Georgiadis G, et al: The association of female and male infertility with telomere length (Review). Int J Mol Med. 44:375–389. 2019.PubMed/NCBI

144 

Fragkiadaki P, Tsoukalas D, Fragkiadoulaki I, Psycharakis C, Nikitovic D, Spandidos DA and Tsatsakis A: Telomerase activity in pregnancy complications (Review). Mol Med Rep. 14:16–21. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

145 

Cohen S, Janicki-Deverts D and Miller GE: Psychological stress and disease. JAMA. 298:1685–1687. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

146 

Monaghan P: Organismal stress, telomeres and life histories. J Exp Biol. 217:57–66. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

147 

Kiecolt-Glaser JK and Glaser R: Psychological stress, telomeres, and telomerase. Brain Behav Immun. 24:529–530. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

148 

Lazarides C, Epel E, Lin J, Blackburn E, Voelkle M, Buss C, Simhan H, Wadhwa P and Entringer S: Maternal pro-inflammatory state during pregnancy and newborn leukocyte telomere length: A prospective investigation. Brain Behav Immun. 80:419–426. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

149 

Shivappa N, Steck SE, Hurley TG, Hussey JR and Hébert JR: Designing and developing a literature-derived, population based dietary inflammatory index. Public Health Nutr. 17:1689–1696. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

150 

Shivappa N, Steck SE, Hurley TG, Hussey JR, Ma Y, Ockene IS, Tabung F and Hébert JR: A population-based dietary inflammatory index predicts levels of C-reactive protein in the Seasonal Variation of Blood Cholesterol Study (SEASONS). Public Health Nutr. 17:1825–1833. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

151 

Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Rietzschel ER, De Buyzere ML, Langlois M, Debruyne E, Marcos A and Huybrechts I: Associations between dietary inflammatory index and inflammatory markers in the Asklepios Study. Br J Nutr. 113:665–671. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

152 

Shivappa N, Wirth MD, Hurley TG and Hébert JR: Association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and telomere length and C-reactive protein from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-1999-2002. Mol Nutr Food Res. 61:16006302017. View Article : Google Scholar

153 

Simopoulos AP: The importance of the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio in cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 233:674–688. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

154 

Papamichael MM, Shrestha SK, Itsiopoulos C and Erbas B: The role of fish intake on asthma in children: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 29:350–360. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

155 

Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Epel ES, Belury MA, Andridge R, Lin J, Glaser R, Malarkey WB, Hwang BS and Blackburn E: Omega-3 fatty acids, oxidative stress, and leukocyte telomere length: A randomized controlled trial. Brain Behav Immun. 28:16–24. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

156 

Tsoukalas D, Fragkiadaki P, Docea AO, Alegakis AK, Sarandi E, Vakonaki E, Salata E, Kouvid E, Nikitovic D, Kovatsi L, et al: Association of nutraceutical supplements with longer telomere length. Int J Mol Med. 44:218–226. 2019.PubMed/NCBI

157 

Tsatsakis A, Tsoukalas D, Fragkiadaki P, Vakonaki E, Tzatzarakis M, Sarandi E, Nikitovic D, Tsilimidos G and Alegakis AK: Developing BIOTEL: A semi-automated spreadsheet for estimating telomere length and biological age. Front Genet. 10:842019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

158 

Tsoukalas D, Fragkiadaki P, Docea AO, Alegakis AK, Sarandi E, Thanasoula M, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A, Razgonova MP and Calina D: Discovery of potent telomerase activators: Unfolding new therapeutic and anti-aging perspectives. Mol Med Rep. 20:3701–3708. 2019.PubMed/NCBI

159 

Fragkiadaki P, Nikitovic D, Kalliantasi K, Sarandi E, Thanasoula M, Stivaktakis DP, Nepka C, Spandidos AD, Tosounidis T and Tsatsakis A: Telomere length and telomerase activity in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Exp Ther Med. 19:1626–1632. 2020.PubMed/NCBI

160 

Olovnikov AM: How could the program of aging be arranged? Russ J Gen Chem. 80:1482–1489. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

161 

Olovnikov AM: Chronographic theory of development, aging, and origin of cancer: Role of chronomeres and printomeres. Curr Aging Sci. 8:76–88. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

162 

Anisimov VN: Molecular and physiological mechanisms of aging. 2:(2nd). (St. Petersburg, Nauka). 2003.(In Russian).

163 

Mitteldorf JJ: How does the body know how old it is? Introducing the epigenetic clock hypothesis. Biochemistry (Mosc). 78:1048–1053. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

164 

Severin FF, Feniouk BA and Skulachev VP: Advanced glycation of cellular proteins as a possible basic component of the ‘master biological clock’. Biochemistry (Mosc). 78:1043–1047. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

165 

Pisaruk AV: Ontogenetic clock: Molecular-genetic mechanism. Adv Gerontol. 23:527–535. 2010.(In Russian). PubMed/NCBI

166 

Lund J, Tedesco P, Duke K, Wang J, Kim SK and Johnson TE: Transcriptional profile of aging in C. elegans. Curr Biol. 12:1566–1573. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

167 

Halaschek-Wiener J, Khattra JS, McKay S, Pouzyrev A, Stott JM, Yang GS, Holt RA, Jones SJ, Marra MA, Brooks-Wilson AR and Riddle DL: Analysis of long-lived C. elegans daf-2 mutants using serial analysis of gene expression. Genome Res. 15:603–615. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

168 

Golden TR and Melov S: Gene expression changes associated with aging in C. elegans. WormBook: The Online Review of C. elegans Biology. WormBook. (Pasadena, CA). 2005-2018.

169 

Herndon LA, Schmeissner PJ, Dudaronek JM, Brown PA, Listner KM, Sakano Y, Paupard MC, Hall DH and Driscoll M: Stochastic and genetic factors influence tissue-specific decline in ageing C. elegans. Nature. 419:808–814. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

170 

Thaden JJ and Shmookler Reis RJ: Ammonia, respiration, and longevity in nematodes: Insights on metabolic regulation of life span from temporal rescaling. J Am Aging Assoc. 23:75–84. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

171 

Olovnikov AM: Hypothesis: Lifespan is regulated by chronomere DNA of the hypothalamus. J Alzheimers Dis. 11:241–252. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

172 

Andoniadou CL and Martinez-Barbera JP: Developmental mechanisms directing early anterior forebrain specification in vertebrates. Cell Mol Life Sci. 70:3739–3752. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

173 

Bayramov AV, Eroshkin FM, Martynova NY, Ermakova GV, Solovieva EA and Zaraisky AG: Novel functions of Noggin proteins: Inhibition of Activin/Nodal and Wnt signaling. Development. 138:5345–5356. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

174 

Lewis DA: Development of the prefrontal cortex during adolescence: Insights into vulnerable neural circuits in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 16:385–398. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

175 

Rzeczkowska PA, Hou H, Wilson MD and Palmert MR: Epigenetics: A new player in the regulation of mammalian puberty. Neuroendocrinology. 99:139–155. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

176 

Lieber M and Blumenthal HT: Lifespan changes in the index of cephalization. Exp Aging Res. 10:127–135. 1984. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

177 

Arendt T: Alzheimer's disease as a loss of differentiation control in a subset of neurons that retain immature features in the adult brain. Neurobiol Aging. 21:783–796. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

178 

Park DC, Polk TA, Park R, Minear M, Savage A and Smith MR: Aging reduces neural specialization in ventral visual cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101:13091–13095. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

179 

Voss MW, Erickson KI, Chaddock L, Prakash RS, Colcombe SJ, Morris KS, Doerksen S, Hu L, McAuley E and Kramer AF: Dedifferentiation in the visual cortex: An fMRI investigation of individual differences in older adults. Brain Res. 1244:121–131. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

180 

Rajah MN and D'Esposito M: Region-specific changes in prefrontal function with age: A review of PET and fMRI studies on working and episodic memory. Brain. 128:1964–1983. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

181 

Dreher JC, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Kohn P and Berman KF: Age-related changes in midbrain dopaminergic regulation of the human reward system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 105:15106–15111. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

182 

Raz N, Lindenberger U, Rodrigue KM, Kennedy KM, Head D, Williamson A, Dahle C, Gerstorf D and Acker JD: Regional brain changes in aging healthy adults: General trends, individual differences and modifiers. Cereb Cortex. 15:1676–1689. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

183 

Desgranges B, Kalpouzos G and Eustache F: (Cerebral imaging in healthy aging: Contrast with Alzheimer disease). Rev Neurol (Paris). 164 (Suppl 3):S102–S107. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

184 

Andrews-Hanna JR, Snyder AZ, Vincent JL, Lustig C, Head D, Raichle ME and Buckner RL: Disruption of large-scale brain systems in advanced aging. Neuron. 56:924–935. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

185 

Fotenos AF, Snyder AZ, Girton LE, Morris JC and Buckner RL: Normative estimates of cross-sectional and longitudinal brain volume decline in aging and AD. Neurology. 64:1032–1039. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

186 

Fotenos AF, Mintun MA, Snyder AZ, Morris JC and Buckner RL: Brain volume decline in aging: Evidence for a relation between socioeconomic status, preclinical Alzheimer disease, and reserve. Arch Neurol. 65:113–120. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

187 

Yamanishi Y, Hiyama K, Maeda H, Ishioka S, Murakami T, Hiyama E, Kurose Y, Shay JW and Yamakido M: Telomerase activity in rheumatoid synovium correlates with the mononuclear cell infiltration level and disease aggressiveness of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 25:214–220. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

188 

Tarhan F, Vural F, Rosova B, Aksu K, Cogulu O, Keser G, Gunduz C, Tombuloglu M, Oder C, Karaca E and Doganavsargil E: Telomerase activity in connective tissue diseases: Elevated in rheumatoid arthritis, but markedly decreased in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatol Int. 28:579–583. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

189 

Kurosaka D, Yasuda J, Yoshida K, Yokoyama T, Ozawa Y, Obayashi Y, Kingetsu I, Saito S and Yamada A: Telomerase activity and telomere length of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in SLE patients. Lupus. 12:591–599. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

190 

Hug A, Korporal M, Schröder I, Haas J, Glatz K, Storch-Hagenlocher B and Wildemann B: Thymic export function and T cell homeostasis in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. J Immunol. 171:432–437. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

191 

Jang HS, Oh CK, Jo JH, Kim YS and Kwon KS: Detection of telomerase activity in psoriasis lesional skin and correlation with Ki-67 expression and suppression by retinoic acid. J Korean Med Sci. 16:623–629. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

192 

Ogoshi M, Le T, Shay JW and Taylor RS: In situ hybridization analysis of the expression of human telomerase RNA in normal and pathologic conditions of the skin. J Invest Dermatol. 110:818–823. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

193 

Taylor RS, Ramirez RD, Ogoshi M, Chaffins M, Piatyszek MA and Shay JW: Detection of telomerase activity in malignant and nonmalignant skin conditions. J Invest Dermatol. 106:759–765. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

194 

Brümmendorf TH, Maciejewski JP, Mak J, Young NS and Lansdorp PM: Telomere length in leukocyte subpopulations of patients with aplastic anemia. Blood. 97:895–900. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

195 

Fogarty PF, Yamaguchi H, Wiestner A, Baerlocher GM, Sloand E, Zeng WS, Read EJ, Lansdorp PM and Young NS: Late presentation of dyskeratosis congenita as apparently acquired aplastic anaemia due to mutations in telomerase RNA. Lancet. 362:1628–1630. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

196 

Ly H: Genetic and environmental factors influencing human diseases with telomere dysfunction. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2:114–130. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

197 

Young NS: Pathophysiologic mechanisms in acquired aplastic anemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2006:72–77. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

198 

Yamaguchi H, Calado RT, Ly H, Kajigaya S, Baerlocher GM, Chanock SJ, Lansdorp PM and Young NS: Mutations in TERT, the gene for telomerase reverse transcriptase, in aplastic anemia. N Engl J Med. 352:1413–1424. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

199 

Marrone A, Stevens D, Vulliamy T, Dokal I and Mason PJ: Heterozygous telomerase RNA mutations found in dyskeratosis congenita and aplastic anemia reduce telomerase activity via haploinsufficiency. Blood. 104:3936–3942. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Razgonova MP, Zakharenko AM, Golokhvast KS, Thanasoula M, Sarandi E, Nikolouzakis K, Fragkiadaki P, Tsoukalas D, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A, Tsatsakis A, et al: Telomerase and telomeres in aging theory and chronographic aging theory (Review). Mol Med Rep 22: 1679-1694, 2020.
APA
Razgonova, M.P., Zakharenko, A.M., Golokhvast, K.S., Thanasoula, M., Sarandi, E., Nikolouzakis, K. ... Tsatsakis, A. (2020). Telomerase and telomeres in aging theory and chronographic aging theory (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 22, 1679-1694. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11274
MLA
Razgonova, M. P., Zakharenko, A. M., Golokhvast, K. S., Thanasoula, M., Sarandi, E., Nikolouzakis, K., Fragkiadaki, P., Tsoukalas, D., Spandidos, D. A., Tsatsakis, A."Telomerase and telomeres in aging theory and chronographic aging theory (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 22.3 (2020): 1679-1694.
Chicago
Razgonova, M. P., Zakharenko, A. M., Golokhvast, K. S., Thanasoula, M., Sarandi, E., Nikolouzakis, K., Fragkiadaki, P., Tsoukalas, D., Spandidos, D. A., Tsatsakis, A."Telomerase and telomeres in aging theory and chronographic aging theory (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 22, no. 3 (2020): 1679-1694. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11274
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Razgonova MP, Zakharenko AM, Golokhvast KS, Thanasoula M, Sarandi E, Nikolouzakis K, Fragkiadaki P, Tsoukalas D, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A, Tsatsakis A, et al: Telomerase and telomeres in aging theory and chronographic aging theory (Review). Mol Med Rep 22: 1679-1694, 2020.
APA
Razgonova, M.P., Zakharenko, A.M., Golokhvast, K.S., Thanasoula, M., Sarandi, E., Nikolouzakis, K. ... Tsatsakis, A. (2020). Telomerase and telomeres in aging theory and chronographic aging theory (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 22, 1679-1694. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11274
MLA
Razgonova, M. P., Zakharenko, A. M., Golokhvast, K. S., Thanasoula, M., Sarandi, E., Nikolouzakis, K., Fragkiadaki, P., Tsoukalas, D., Spandidos, D. A., Tsatsakis, A."Telomerase and telomeres in aging theory and chronographic aging theory (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 22.3 (2020): 1679-1694.
Chicago
Razgonova, M. P., Zakharenko, A. M., Golokhvast, K. S., Thanasoula, M., Sarandi, E., Nikolouzakis, K., Fragkiadaki, P., Tsoukalas, D., Spandidos, D. A., Tsatsakis, A."Telomerase and telomeres in aging theory and chronographic aging theory (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 22, no. 3 (2020): 1679-1694. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11274
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team