Potential hazardous effects of printing room PM2.5 exposure include promotion of lung inflammation and subsequent injury

Zou,Changwei; Yang,Hong; Cui,Lanyue; Cao,Xinyi; Huang,Hong; Chen,Tingtao

doi:10.3892/mmr.2020.11399

Potential hazardous effects of printing room PM2.5 exposure include promotion of lung inflammation and subsequent injury

Authors:
- Changwei Zou
- Hong Yang
- Lanyue Cui
- Xinyi Cao
- Hong Huang
- Tingtao Chen
View Affiliations

Affiliations: School of Resources Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China, Nanchang University Queen Mary School, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China, National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and The Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
Published online on: July 31, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11399
Pages: 3213-3224
Copyright: © Zou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

There have been few studies investigating the potential effects of indoor sources of particulate matter on human health. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected from a printing room on lung health was examined using cultured cells and a mouse model. Further, the mechanism of lung injury was examined. The results indicated that PM2.5 significantly enhanced malondialdehyde activity (P<0.05), decreased superoxide dismutase activity (P<0.05), upregulated the expression of pro‑inflammatory factors including interleukin (IL)‑1β, tumor necrosis factor‑, IL‑6 and downregulated the expression of the inflammatory factor IL‑2 (P<0.05). Western blot analysis indicated that PM2.5 significantly enhanced expression of phosphorylated (p)‑ERK relative to total ERK, cyclooxygenase‑2, p‑anti‑nuclear‑factor‑κB (p‑NF‑κB) relative to NF‑κB, transforming growth factor‑β1 and Bax relative to Bcl‑2 in inflammation (P<0.05), fibrosis and apoptosis signaling pathways. Furthermore, the results revealed that exposure was associated with an increased abundance of pathogens including Burkholderiales, Coriobacteriia, and Betaproteobacteria in in the lungs. In conclusion, exposure to PM2.5 from a printing room significantly increased inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis and the abundance of pathogenic bacteria, indicating that exposure is potential threat to individuals who spend a significant amount of time in printing rooms.

View Figures

View References

1	Holzer M, Bihari P, Praetner M, Uhl B, Reichel C, Fent J, Vippola M, Lakatos S and Krombach F: Carbon-based nanomaterials accelerate arteriolar thrombus formation in the murine microcirculation independently of their shape. J Appl Toxicol. 34:3213–1176. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar
2	Cohen AJ, Brauer M, Burnett R, Anderson HR, Frostad J, Estep K, Balakrishnan K, Brunekreef B, Dandona L, Dandona R, et al: Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: An analysis of data from the global burden of diseases study 2015. Lancet. 389:1907–1918. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Urlaub S, Grün G, Foldbjerg P and Sedlbauer K: Ventilation and health - a review. Proc AVIC Conf. 2015.
4	Chen Y, Du W, Shen G, Zhuo S, Zhu X, Shen H, Huang Y, Su S, Lin N, Pei L, et al: Household air pollution and personal exposure to nitrated and oxygenated polycyclic aromatics (PAHs) in rural households: Influence of household cooking energies. Indoor Air. 27:169–178. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Du B, Gao J, Chen J, Stevanovic S, Ristovski Z and Wang L and Wang L: Particle exposure level and potential health risks of domestic Chinese cooking. Build Environ. 123:564–574. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar
6	Liu T, Liu Q, Li Z, Huo L, Chan M, Li X, Zhou Z and Chan CK: Emission of volatile organic compounds and production of secondary organic aerosol from stir-frying spices. Sci Total Environ. 599-600:1614–1621. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Liu Y, Chen YY, Cao JY, Tao FB, Zhu XX, Yao CJ, Chen DJ, Che Z, Zhao QH and Wen LP: Oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest are induced in primary fetal alveolar type II epithelial cells exposed to fine particulate matter from cooking oil fumes. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 22:9728–9741. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Khatri M, Bello D, Pal AK, Woskie S, Gassert TH, Demokritou P and Gaines P: Toxicological effects of PM0.25-2.0 particles collected from a photocopy center in three human cell lines. Inhal Toxicol. 25:621–632. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	Pirela SV, Bhattacharya K, Wang Y, Zhanga Y, Wanga G, Christophic CA, Godleskia J, Thomasd T, Qiane Y, Orandle MS, et al: A 21-day sub-acute, whole-body inhalation exposure to printer-emitted engineered nanoparticles in rats: Exploring pulmonary and systemic effects. NanoImpact. 15:1001762019. View Article : Google Scholar
10	Pirela S, Molina R, Watson C, Cohen JM, Bello D, Demokritou P and Brain J: Effects of copy center particles on the lungs: A toxicological characterization using a Balb/c mouse model. Inhal Toxicol. 25:498–508. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	Jensen M and Rold-Petersen J: Itching erythema among post office workers caused by a photocopying illachine with wet toner. Contact Dermatitis. 5:389–391. 1979. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Galiardo M, Romero P, Sánchez-Quevedo MC and López-Caballero JJ: Siderosilicosis due to photocopier toner dust. Lancet. 344:412–413. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Grifka J: Use of drugs in renal impairment. Internist (Berl). 49:1262008.(In German). View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	Theegarten D, Boukercha S, Philippou S and Anhenn O: Submesothelial deposition of carbon nanoparticles after toner exposition: Case report. Diagn Pathol. 5:772010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
15	Ya P, Xu H, Ma Y, Fang M, Yan X, Zhou J and Li F: Liver injury induced in Balb/c mice by PM2.5 exposure and its alleviation by compound essential oils. Biomed Pharmacother. 105:590–598. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Tavera Busso I, Vera A, Mateos AC, Amarillo AC and Carreras H: Histological changes in lung tissues related with sub-chronic exposure to ambient urban levels of PM2.5 in Córdoba, Argentina. Atmos Environ. 167:616–624. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar
17	Yang B, Guo J and Xiao C: Effect of PM2.5 environmental pollution on rat lung. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 25:36136–36146. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18	Li H, Zhao Q, Liu R, Yang L, Chen H and Cui X: Protective effect and potential mechanism of simvastatin on myocardial injury induced by diabetes with hypoglycemia. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 126:148–161. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19	Huang H, Zou C, Cao J and Tsang P: Carbonaceous aerosol characteristics in outdoor and indoor environments of Nanchang, China, during summer 2009. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 61:1262–1272. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20	Huang H, Zou C, Cao J, Tsang P, Zhu F, Yu C and Xue S: Water-soluble Ions in PM2.5 on the Qianhu Campus of Nanchang University, Nanchang City: Indoor-outdoor distribution and source implications. Aerosol Air Qual Res. 12:435–443. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar
21	Wang H, Song L, Ju W, Wang X, Dong L, Zhang Y, Ya P, Yang C and Li F: The acute airway inflammation induced by PM2.5 exposure and the treatment of essential oils in Balb/c mice. Sci Rep. 7:442562017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
22	Zhang X, Zhong W, Meng Q, Lin Q, Fang C, Huang X, Li C, Huang Y and Tan J: Ambient PM2.5 exposure exacerbates severity of allergic asthma in previously sensitized mice. J Asthma. 52:785–794. 2015.PubMed/NCBI
23	Tian P, Xu D, Huang Z, Meng F, Fu J, Wei H and Chen T: Evaluation of truncated G protein delivered by live attenuated Salmonella as a vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus. Microb Pathog. 115:299–303. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24	Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
25	Hammery, Harper DA and Ryan PD: PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontol Electron. 4:1–9. 2001.
26	Tang T, Hurraß J, Gminski R and Mersch-Sundermann V: Fine and ultrafine particles emitted from laser printers as indoor air contaminants in German offices. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 19:3840–3849. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
27	Kohl H, Orth R, Riebartsch O, Galeitzke M and Cap JP: Support of innovation networks in manufacturing industries through identification of sustainable collaboration potential and best-practice transfer. Procedia CIRP. 26:185–189. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar
28	Zhang ZQ, Zhang CZ, Shao B, Pang DH, Han GZ and Lin L: Effects of abnormal expression of fusion and fission genes on the morphology and function of lung macrophage mitochondria in SiO2-induced silicosis fibrosis in rats in vivo. Toxicol Lett. 312:181–187. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
29	Smith RE, Strieter RM, Phan SH, Lukacs N and Kunkel SL: TNF and IL-6 mediate MIP-1alpha expression in bleomycin-induced lung injury. J Leukoc Biol. 64:528–536. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
30	Cavarra E, Carraro F, Fineschi S, Naldini A, Bartalesi B, Pucci A and Lungarella G: Early response to bleomycin is characterized by different cytokine and cytokine receptor profiles in lungs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 287:L1186–L1192. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
31	Dai P, Shen D, Shen J, Tang Q, Xi M, Li Y and Li C: The roles of Nrf2 and autophagy in modulating inflammation mediated by TLR4-NFκB in A549 cell exposed to layer house particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5). Chemosphere. 235:1134–1145. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
32	Hayden MS and Ghosh S: NF-κB in immunobiology. Cell Res. 21:223–244. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
33	Barker HE, Paget JT, Khan AA and Harrington KJ: The tumour microenvironment after radiotherapy: Mechanisms of resistance and recurrence. Nat Rev Cancer. 15:409–425. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
34	Lazzara F, Fidilio A, Platania CBM, Giurdanella G, Salomone S, Leggio GM, Tarallo V, Cicatiello V, De Falco S, Eandi CM, et al: Aflibercept regulates retinal inflammation elicited by high glucose via the PlGF/ERK pathway. Biochem Pharmacol. 168:341–351. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
35	Kuroki M, Noguchi Y, Shimono M, Tomono K, Tashiro T, Obata Y, Nakayama E and Kohno S: Repression of bleomycin-induced pneumopathy by TNF. J Immunol. 170:567–574. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
36	Ndaw VS, Abebayehu D, Spence AJ, Paez PA, Kolawole EM, Taruselli MT, Caslin HL, Chumanevich AP, Paranjape A, Baker B, et al: TGF-β1 suppresses IL-33-induced mast cell function. J Immunol. 199:866–873. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
37	Ashkenazi A, Fairbrother WJ, Leverson JD and Souers AJ: From basic apoptosis discoveries to advanced selective BCL-2 family inhibitors. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 16:273–284. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
38	Hii LW, Lim SE, Leong CO, Chin SY, Tan NP, Lai KS and Mai CW: The synergism of Clinacanthus nutans Lindau extracts with gemcitabine: Downregulation of anti-apoptotic markers in squamous pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. BMC Complement Altern Med. 19:2572019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
39	Jiang C, Zhong R, Zhang J, Wang X, Ding G, Xiao W and Ma S: Reduning injection ameliorates paraquat-induced acute lung injury by regulating AMPK/MAPK/NF-κB signaling. J Cell Biochem. 120:12713–12723. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
40	Che Z, Liu Y, Chen Y, Cao J, Liang C, Wang L and Ding R: The apoptotic pathways effect of fine particulate from cooking oil fumes in primary fetal alveolar type II epithelial cells. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 761:35–43. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
41	Wang Y, Chen J, Tang B, Zhang X and Hua ZC: Systemic administration of attenuated salmonella typhimurium in combination with interleukin-21 for cancer therapy. Mol Clin Oncol. 1:461–465. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
42	Yu K, Rodriguez MD, Paul Z, Gordon E, Rice K, Triplett EW, Keller-Wood M and Wood CE: Proof of principle: Physiological transfer of small numbers of bacteria from mother to fetus in late-gestation pregnant sheep. PLoS One. 14:e02172112019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
43	Kaimala S, Al-Sbiei A, Cabral-Marques O, Fernandez-Cabezudo MJ and Al-Ramadi BK: Attenuated bacteria as immunotherapeutic tools for cancer treatment. Front Oncol. 8:1362018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
44	Zhao C, He J, Cheng H, Zhu Z and Xu H: Enhanced therapeutic effect of an antiangiogenesis peptide on lung cancer in vivo combined with salmonella VNP20009 carrying a Sox2 shRNA construct. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 35:1072016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
45	Pacello F, D'Orazio M and Battistoni A: An ERp57-mediated disulphide exchange promotes the interaction between Burkholderia cenocepacia and epithelial respiratory cells. Sci Rep. 6:211402016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
46	Ning X, Ji X, Li G and Sang N: Ambient PM2.5 causes lung injuries and coupled energy metabolic disorder. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 170:620–626. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
47	Pan K, Jiang S, Du X, Zeng X, Zhang J, Song L, Zhou J, Kan H, Sun Q, Xie Y and Zhao J: AMPK activation attenuates inflammatory response to reduce ambient PM2.5-induced metabolic disorders in healthy and diabetic mice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 179:290–300. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI