Metformin protects high glucose‑cultured cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress by promoting NDUFA13 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis via the AMPK signaling pathway

Liu,Xiang‑Dong; Li,Yong‑Guang; Wang,Guang‑Yu; Bi,Ya‑Guang; Zhao,Yu; Yan,Mei‑Ling; Liu,Xuebo; Wei,Meng; Wan,Li‑Li; Zhang,Qing‑Yong

doi:10.3892/mmr.2020.11599

Metformin protects high glucose‑cultured cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress by promoting NDUFA13 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis via the AMPK signaling pathway

Authors:
- Xiang‑Dong Liu
- Yong‑Guang Li
- Guang‑Yu Wang
- Ya‑Guang Bi
- Yu Zhao
- Mei‑Ling Yan
- Xuebo Liu
- Meng Wei
- Li‑Li Wan
- Qing‑Yong Zhang
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Affiliations: Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China, Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China, Division of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China, Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
Published online on: October 14, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11599
Pages: 5262-5270
Copyright: © Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Tissue damage in diabetes is at least partly due to elevated reactive oxygen species production by the mitochondrial respiratory chain during hyperglycemia. Sustained hyperglycemia results in mitochondrial dysfunction and the abnormal expression of mitochondrial genes, such as NADH: Ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A13 (NDUFA13). Metformin, an AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, protects cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress by improving mitochondrial function; however, the exact underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to investigated the molecular changes and related regulatory mechanisms in the response of H9C2 cardiomyocytes to metformin under high glucose conditions. H9C2 cells were subjected to CCK‑8 assay to assess cell viability. Reactive oxygen species generation was measured with DCFH‑DA assay. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression levels of NDUFA13, AMPK, p‑AMPK and GAPDH. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was used to evaluate the expression levels of mitochondrial genes and transcription factors. It was observed that metformin protected H9C2 cardiomyocytes by suppressing high glucose (HG)‑induced elevated oxidative stress. In addition, metformin stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis, as indicated by increased expression levels of mitochondrial genes (NDUFA1, NDUFA2, NDUFA13 and manganese superoxide dismutase) and mitochondrial biogenesis‑related transcription factors [peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor‑gamma coactivator‑1α, nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)‑1, and NRF‑2] in the metformin + HG group compared with the HG group. Moreover, metformin promoted mitochondrial NDUFA13 protein expression via the AMPK signaling pathway, which was abolished by pretreatment with the AMPK inhibitor, Compound C. The results suggested that metformin protected cardiomyocytes against HG‑induced oxidative stress via a mechanism involving AMPK, NDUFA13 and mitochondrial biogenesis.

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