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Article Open Access

Fluorofenidone attenuates paraquat‑induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy

  • Authors:
    • Feiya Jiang
    • Sha Li
    • Yu Jiang
    • Zhuo Chen
    • Tongtong Wang
    • Wen Liu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital Affiliated with Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China, Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P.R. China, Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated with Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China, Department of Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Jiang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 405
    |
    Published online on: March 26, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12044
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Abstract

Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide that is severely toxic to humans and animals. Pulmonary fibrosis is a disorder that can result from PQ poisoning. Fluorofenidone (AKF‑PD) is a novel small molecule pyridone drug with a widespread and clear anti‑organ fibrosis effect; however, its mechanism of action on PQ poisoning‑induced pulmonary fibrosis is not clear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanism of AKF‑PD on PQ poisoning‑induced pulmonary fibrosis. Human alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiC) and Sprague‑Dawley rats were treated with AKF‑PD in the presence or absence of PQ. Hematoxylin‑eosin and Masson staining were used to observe the morphological changes in lung tissue. Cell Counting Kit‑8 and lactate dehydrogenase assays were used to evaluate the viability of HPAEpiC cells. ELISA was used to detect inflammatory factors and the collagen content. Finally, the effects of AKF‑PD on pulmonary fibrosis, as well as the underlying mechanisms, were evaluated via western blotting, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence analysis. AKF‑PD effectively alleviated PQ‑induced pulmonary fibrosis and reduced the expression of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors. Moreover, AKF‑PD treatment effectively inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and upregulated autophagy. Overall, these findings suggested that AKF‑PD can alleviate PQ‑induced inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and by upregulating autophagy.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Jiang F, Li S, Jiang Y, Chen Z, Wang T and Liu W: Fluorofenidone attenuates paraquat‑induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy. Mol Med Rep 23: 405, 2021.
APA
Jiang, F., Li, S., Jiang, Y., Chen, Z., Wang, T., & Liu, W. (2021). Fluorofenidone attenuates paraquat‑induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy. Molecular Medicine Reports, 23, 405. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12044
MLA
Jiang, F., Li, S., Jiang, Y., Chen, Z., Wang, T., Liu, W."Fluorofenidone attenuates paraquat‑induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy". Molecular Medicine Reports 23.6 (2021): 405.
Chicago
Jiang, F., Li, S., Jiang, Y., Chen, Z., Wang, T., Liu, W."Fluorofenidone attenuates paraquat‑induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy". Molecular Medicine Reports 23, no. 6 (2021): 405. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12044
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Jiang F, Li S, Jiang Y, Chen Z, Wang T and Liu W: Fluorofenidone attenuates paraquat‑induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy. Mol Med Rep 23: 405, 2021.
APA
Jiang, F., Li, S., Jiang, Y., Chen, Z., Wang, T., & Liu, W. (2021). Fluorofenidone attenuates paraquat‑induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy. Molecular Medicine Reports, 23, 405. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12044
MLA
Jiang, F., Li, S., Jiang, Y., Chen, Z., Wang, T., Liu, W."Fluorofenidone attenuates paraquat‑induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy". Molecular Medicine Reports 23.6 (2021): 405.
Chicago
Jiang, F., Li, S., Jiang, Y., Chen, Z., Wang, T., Liu, W."Fluorofenidone attenuates paraquat‑induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy". Molecular Medicine Reports 23, no. 6 (2021): 405. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12044
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