Anti‑inflammatory effect of <em>Chrysanthemum zawadskii</em>, peppermint, <em>Glycyrrhiza</em> glabra herbal mixture in lipopolysaccharide‑stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages

Cho,Byoung Ok; Shin,Jae Young; Kang,Hyun Ju; Park,Ji Hyeon; Hao,Suping; Wang,Feng; Jang,Seon Il

doi:10.3892/mmr.2021.12171

Anti‑inflammatory effect of Chrysanthemum zawadskii, peppermint, Glycyrrhiza glabra herbal mixture in lipopolysaccharide‑stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages

Authors:
- Byoung Ok Cho
- Jae Young Shin
- Hyun Ju Kang
- Ji Hyeon Park
- Suping Hao
- Feng Wang
- Seon Il Jang
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Affiliations: Department of Food Science, Institute of Health Science, Jeonju University, Jeonju‑si, Jeollabuk‑do 55069, Republic of Korea, Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju‑si, Jeollabuk‑do 54896, Republic of Korea, Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju‑si, Jeollabuk‑do 55069, Republic of Korea
Published online on: May 25, 2021 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12171
Article Number: 532
Copyright: © Cho et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The normal inflammatory reaction protects the body from harmful external factors, whereas abnormal chronic inflammation can cause various diseases, including cancer. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the anti‑inflammatory activity of a mixture of Chrysanthemum zawadskii, peppermint and Glycyrrhiza glabra (CPG) by analyzing the expression levels of inflammatory mediators, cytokines and transcription factors in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated Raw264.7 cells. A nitric oxide assay, ELISA, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were performed to investigate the anti‑inflammatory activity of the CPG mixture. Pretreatment of Raw264.7 cells with CPG inhibited the increase of inflammatory mediators (inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase‑2 and IFN‑β) induced by LPS. Additionally, it inhibited the production of pro‑inflammatory cytokines (TNF‑α, IL‑6 and IL‑1β). CPG suppressed LPS‑induced phosphorylation of STAT1, AKT, Iκb and NF‑κB. Furthermore, CPG inhibited the translocation of NF‑κB into the nucleus. In summary, CPG could inhibit LPS‑induced inflammation, which occurs primarily through the AKT/Iκb/NF‑κB signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells.

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