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Regulation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in RCC using the active compounds of natural products in vitro

  • Authors:
    • Xue Wang
    • Zhenhua Xie
    • Zhongguan Lou
    • Yulu Chen
    • Shuaishuai Huang
    • Yu Ren
    • Guobin Weng
    • Shuwei Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Urology and Nephrology Institute of Ningbo University, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 766
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    Published online on: September 3, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12406
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Abstract

Since Professor Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for the discovery of artemisinin, which is used to treat malaria, increased attention has been paid to the extracts obtained from plants, in order to analyze their biological activities, particularly with regard to their antitumor activity. Therefore, the present study explored the biochemical properties of seven natural plant extracts on renal cell carcinoma (RCC). 786‑O and OS‑RC‑2 cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of the extracts. Then, cell viability, the IC50 value and proliferation was determined using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were evaluated via flow cytometry. The expression levels of proteins were assessed using western blotting, and cellular morphology was observed using a light microscope. The results showed that sophoricoside, aucubin, notoginsenoside R1 and ginsenoside Rg1 did not exhibit a cytotoxic effect on RCC cells, whereas ginsenoside Re and allicin exhibited a very slight inhibitory effect. Naringenin possessed the highest activity of the analyzed extracts. The IC50 values of naringenin on 786‑O and OS‑RC‑2 cells were 8.91±0.33 and 7.78±2.65 µM, respectively. In addition, naringenin notably inhibited the proliferation of RCC cells by decreasing Ki67 expression, blocked cell cycle progression in the G2 phase by regulating expression of cell cycle proteins, and increased apoptosis by upregulating caspase‑8 expression, downregulating Bcl‑2 expression and altering the cellular morphology. Furthermore, naringenin inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis by upregulating the expression of PTEN at the protein level, downregulated the expression of PI3K and phosphorylated‑(p‑)AKT, but did not affect the expression of AKT, mTOR or p‑mTOR. The seven plant extracts analyzed showed differing degrees of anti‑RCC activity. Sophoricoside, aucubin, notoginsenoside R1 and ginsenoside Rg1 did not exhibit notable anti‑RCC activity, whereas the effect of ginsenoside Re and allicin on RCC was considerably weak. However, naringenin showed potent anti‑proliferative, apoptosis inducing and cell cycle arresting activity on RCC cells via regulation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wang X, Xie Z, Lou Z, Chen Y, Huang S, Ren Y, Weng G and Zhang S: Regulation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in RCC using the active compounds of natural products <em>in vitro</em>. Mol Med Rep 24: 766, 2021.
APA
Wang, X., Xie, Z., Lou, Z., Chen, Y., Huang, S., Ren, Y. ... Zhang, S. (2021). Regulation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in RCC using the active compounds of natural products <em>in vitro</em>. Molecular Medicine Reports, 24, 766. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12406
MLA
Wang, X., Xie, Z., Lou, Z., Chen, Y., Huang, S., Ren, Y., Weng, G., Zhang, S."Regulation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in RCC using the active compounds of natural products <em>in vitro</em>". Molecular Medicine Reports 24.5 (2021): 766.
Chicago
Wang, X., Xie, Z., Lou, Z., Chen, Y., Huang, S., Ren, Y., Weng, G., Zhang, S."Regulation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in RCC using the active compounds of natural products <em>in vitro</em>". Molecular Medicine Reports 24, no. 5 (2021): 766. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12406
Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Wang X, Xie Z, Lou Z, Chen Y, Huang S, Ren Y, Weng G and Zhang S: Regulation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in RCC using the active compounds of natural products <em>in vitro</em>. Mol Med Rep 24: 766, 2021.
APA
Wang, X., Xie, Z., Lou, Z., Chen, Y., Huang, S., Ren, Y. ... Zhang, S. (2021). Regulation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in RCC using the active compounds of natural products <em>in vitro</em>. Molecular Medicine Reports, 24, 766. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12406
MLA
Wang, X., Xie, Z., Lou, Z., Chen, Y., Huang, S., Ren, Y., Weng, G., Zhang, S."Regulation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in RCC using the active compounds of natural products <em>in vitro</em>". Molecular Medicine Reports 24.5 (2021): 766.
Chicago
Wang, X., Xie, Z., Lou, Z., Chen, Y., Huang, S., Ren, Y., Weng, G., Zhang, S."Regulation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in RCC using the active compounds of natural products <em>in vitro</em>". Molecular Medicine Reports 24, no. 5 (2021): 766. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12406
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