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Review Open Access

Current treatment strategies for COVID‑19 (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Fabin Han
    • Yanming Liu
    • Mei Mo
    • Juanli Chen
    • Cheng Wang
    • Yong Yang
    • Jibiao Wu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: The Translational Research Laboratory for Stem Cell and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Innovation Institute for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China, Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital/Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Han et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 858
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    Published online on: October 15, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12498
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Abstract

The spread of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) emerged suddenly at the end of 2019 and the disease came to be known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19). To date, there is no specific therapy established to treat COVID‑19. Identifying effective treatments is urgently required to treat patients and stop the transmission of SARS‑CoV‑2 in humans. For the present review, >100 publications on therapeutic agents for COVID‑19, including in vitro and in vivo animal studies, case reports, retrospective analyses and meta‑analyses were retrieved from PubMed and analyzed, and promising therapeutic agents that may be used to combat SARS‑CoV‑2 infection were highlighted. Since the outbreak of COVID‑19, different drugs have been repurposed for its treatment. Existing drugs, including chloroquine (CQ), its derivative hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), remdesivir and nucleoside analogues, monoclonal antibodies, convalescent plasma, Chinese herbal medicine and natural compounds for treating COVID‑19 evaluated in experimental and clinical studies were discussed. Although early clinical studies suggested that CQ/HCQ produces antiviral action, later research indicated certain controversy regarding their use for treating COVID‑19. The molecular mechanisms of these therapeutic agents against SARS‑CoV2 have been investigated, including inhibition of viral interactions with angiotensin‑converting enzyme 2 receptors in human cells, viral RNA‑dependent RNA polymerase, RNA replication and the packaging of viral particles. Potent therapeutic options were reviewed and future challenges to accelerate the development of novel therapeutic agents to treat and prevent COVID‑19 were acknowledged.
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Spandidos Publications style
Han F, Liu Y, Mo M, Chen J, Wang C, Yang Y and Wu J: Current treatment strategies for COVID‑19 (Review). Mol Med Rep 24: 858, 2021.
APA
Han, F., Liu, Y., Mo, M., Chen, J., Wang, C., Yang, Y., & Wu, J. (2021). Current treatment strategies for COVID‑19 (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 24, 858. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12498
MLA
Han, F., Liu, Y., Mo, M., Chen, J., Wang, C., Yang, Y., Wu, J."Current treatment strategies for COVID‑19 (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 24.6 (2021): 858.
Chicago
Han, F., Liu, Y., Mo, M., Chen, J., Wang, C., Yang, Y., Wu, J."Current treatment strategies for COVID‑19 (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 24, no. 6 (2021): 858. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12498
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Han F, Liu Y, Mo M, Chen J, Wang C, Yang Y and Wu J: Current treatment strategies for COVID‑19 (Review). Mol Med Rep 24: 858, 2021.
APA
Han, F., Liu, Y., Mo, M., Chen, J., Wang, C., Yang, Y., & Wu, J. (2021). Current treatment strategies for COVID‑19 (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 24, 858. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12498
MLA
Han, F., Liu, Y., Mo, M., Chen, J., Wang, C., Yang, Y., Wu, J."Current treatment strategies for COVID‑19 (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 24.6 (2021): 858.
Chicago
Han, F., Liu, Y., Mo, M., Chen, J., Wang, C., Yang, Y., Wu, J."Current treatment strategies for COVID‑19 (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 24, no. 6 (2021): 858. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12498
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