Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
January-2026 Volume 33 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2026 Volume 33 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Protective effects of Notoginsenoside R1 on the ferroptosis of a human non‑small cell lung cancer cell line

  • Authors:
    • Yuejiao Zhang
    • Zhongshun Mao
    • Yong Diao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: College of Sanqi Medicine and Pharmacy, Wenshan University, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan 663000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 32
    |
    Published online on: November 6, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13742
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The present study investigated the effects of Notoginsenoside R1 (NG‑R1) on human non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells and explored its potential mechanisms. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay after 72 h of treatment with varying concentrations of NG‑R1 (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 2 mg/ml), which inhibited A549 cell viability in a dose‑dependent manner. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated using the BeyoClick™ EdU‑594 proliferation assay, wound healing assay and Matrigel®‑coated Transwell invasion assay, respectively. NG‑R1 at concentrations of 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg/ml significantly suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 cells compared with the control. In addition, these doses of NG‑R1 increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels as measured using the fluorescent probe 2',7'‑dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Western blot analysis revealed that treatment with NG‑R1 (0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg/ml) upregulated the expression of the ferroptosis‑related protein transferrin receptor 1, and downregulated solute carrier family 7 member 11, glutathione peroxidase 4 and ferritin heavy chain 1. Collectively, these findings indicate that NG‑R1 inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC A549 cells, likely through the induction of ROS accumulation and ferroptosis.
View Figures

Figure 1

Effect of NG-R1 on A549 cell viability
(n=6). MTT assay showed that NG-R1 inhibited the viability of A549
cells in a dose-dependent manner. The doses of NG-R1 were 0, 0.1,
0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 2.0 mg/ml. Data are presented as the mean ±
standard deviation. The one-way ANOVA result was F (6, 35),
214.5. The dashed vertical line denotes the IC50:
IC50, 0.839 mg/ml. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 vs.
control group. NG-R1, Notoginsenoside R1.

Figure 2

Effect of Notoginsenoside R1 on A549
cell proliferation (n=3). (A) Representative fluorescence
micrographs of cell proliferation obtained by EdU assay. Top,
Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining (blue); middle, EdU-labeled
proliferating cells (red); bottom, merged image (Hoechst 33342 +
EdU). Scale bar, 100 µm. (B) Proliferative ability of A549 cells in
the EdU assay. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation.
The one-way ANOVA result was F (3, 8), 49.33. **P<0.01
vs. control group.

Figure 3

Effect of Notoginsenoside R1 on A549
cell migration (n=3). (A) Representative images of scratches at 0
and 72 h post-wounding (×100 magnification; scale bar, 100 µm). (B)
Quantification of the wound-healing assay. Data are presented as
the mean ± standard deviation. The one-way ANOVA result was
F (3, 8), 55.43. and **P<0.01 vs. control group.

Figure 4

Effect of Notoginsenoside R1 on A549
cell invasion (n=3). (A) Representative inverted microscopy images
of invasive cells (×100 magnification; scale bar, 100 µm). (B)
Quantitative analysis of the Transwell invasion assay. Data are
presented as the mean ± standard deviation. The one-way ANOVA
result was F (3, 8), 38.55. **P<0.01 vs. control
group.

Figure 5

Effect of NG-R1 on ROS levels in A549
cells (n=3). (A) Flow cytometry plot of intracellular ROS levels
using a 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate probe. (B) NG-R1
increased ROS levels in A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Data
are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. The one-way ANOVA
result was F (3, 8), 194.6. **P<0.01 vs. control group.
DCF, dichlorofluorescein; NG-R1, Notoginsenoside R1; ROS, reactive
oxygen species.

Figure 6

Effect of Notoginsenoside R1 on the
expression levels of ferroptosis-related proteins (n=3). (A)
Representative western blot images of the ferroptosis-related
proteins. (B) Protein expression levels of TfR1, SLC7A11, FTH1 and
GPX4 were examined by western blotting. Data are presented as the
mean ± SD. The one-way ANOVA results were as follows: TfR1:
F (3, 8), 41.41; SLC7A11: F (3, 8), 28.67; FTH1:
F (3, 8), 19.68; GPX4: F (3, 8), 32.63. *P<0.05
and **P<0.01 vs. control group. FTH1, ferritin heavy chain 1;
GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4; ns, non-significant; SLC7A11,
solute carrier family 7 member 11; TfR1, transferrin receptor
1.
View References

1 

Dubey AK, Gupta U and Jain S: Epidemiology of lung cancer, approaches for its prediction: A systematic review and analysis. Chin J Cancer. 35:712016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Parkin DM, Piñeros M, Znaor A and Bray F: Cancer statistics for the year 2020: An overview. Int J Cancer. 149:778–789. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Jurisic V, Obradovic J, Nikolic N, Javorac J, Perin B and Milasin J: Analyses of P16INK4a gene promoter methylation relative to molecular, demographic, clinical parameters characteristics in non-small cell lung cancer patients: A pilot study. Mol Biol Rep. 50:971–979. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Petrović M, Bukumirić Z, Zdravković V, Mitrović S, Atkinson HD and Jurišić V: The prognostic significance of the circulating neuroendocrine markers chromogranin A, pro-gastrin-releasing peptide, and neuron-specific enolase in patients with small-cell lung cancer. Med Oncol. 31:8232014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Socinski MA and Pennell NA: Best practices in treatment selection for patients with advanced NSCLC. Cancer Control. 23 (4 Suppl):S2–S4. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Zappa C and Mousa SA: Non-small cell lung cancer: Current treatment and future advances. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 5:288–300. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Pilkington G, Boland A, Brown T, Oyee J, Bagust A and Dickson R: A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of first-line chemotherapy for adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Thorax. 70:359–367. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Luo YH, Wang C, Xu WT, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Xue H, Li YN, Fu ZR, Wang Y and Jin CH: 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid Has Anti-cancer effects via inducing apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest, and inhibiting migration of A549 lung cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther. 14:5131–5144. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Proneth B and Conrad M: Ferroptosis and necroinflammation, a yet poorly explored link. Cell Death Differ. 26:14–24. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Agostinis P, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Amelio I, Andrews DW, et al: Molecular mechanisms of cell death: Recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018. Cell Death Differ. 25:486–541. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Hassannia B, Vandenabeele P and Berghe TV: Targeting ferroptosis to iron out cancer. Cancer Cell. 35:830–849. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Liang C, Zhang X, Yang M and Dong X: Recent progress in ferroptosis inducers for cancer therapy. Adv Mater. 31:19041972019. View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Bebber CM, Müller F, Clemente LP, Weber J and Karstedt SV: Ferroptosis in cancer cell biology. Cancers. 12:1642020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Lewerenz J, Hewett SJ, Huang Y, Lambros M, Gout PW, Kalivas PW, Massie A, Smolders I, Methner A, Pergande M, et al: The Cystine/glutamate Antiporter system x(c)(−) in health, disease: From molecular mechanisms to novel therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal. 18:522–555. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Bridges RJ, Natale NR and Patel SA: System xc− Cystine/glutamate antiporter: An update on molecular pharmacology and roles within the CNS. Br J Pharmacol. 165:20–34. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Dixon SJ, Lemberg KM, Lamprecht MR, Skouta R, Zaitsev EM, Gleason CE, Patel DN, Bauer AJ, Cantley AM, Yang WS, et al: Ferroptosis: An Iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death. Cell. 149:1060–1072. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Yang WS, SriRamaratnam R, Welsch ME, Shimada K, Skouta R, Viswanathan VS, Cheah JH, Clemons PA, Shamji AF, Clish CB, et al: Regulation of ferroptotic cancer cell death by GPX4. Cell. 156:317–331. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Ursini F, Maiorino M, Valente M, Ferri L and Gregolin C: Purification from pig liver of a protein which protects liposomes and biomembranes from peroxidative degradation and exhibits glutathione peroxidase activity on phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides. Biochim Biophys Acta. 710:197–211. 1982. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Ji X, Qian J, Rahman SMJ, Siska PJ, Zou Y, Harris BK, Hoeksema MD, Trenary IA, Heidi C, Eisenberg R, et al: xCT (SLC7A11)-mediated metabolic reprogramming promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression. Oncogene. 37:5007–5019. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Koppula P, Zhang Y, Zhuang L and Gan B: Amino acid transporter SLC7A11/xCT at the crossroads of regulating redox homeostasis and nutrient dependency of cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond). 38:122018.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Sun B, Xiao J, Sun XB and Wu Y: Notoginsenoside R1 attenuates cardiac dysfunction in endotoxemic mice: An insight into oestrogen receptor activation and PI3K/Akt signalling. British J Pharmacology. 168:1758–1770. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Guo Q, Li P, Wang Z, Cheng Y, Wu H, Yang B, Du S and Lu Y: Brain distribution pharmacokinetics and integrated pharmacokinetics of Panax Notoginsenoside R1, Ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1, Re and Rd in rats after intranasal administration of Panax Notoginseng Saponins assessed by UPLC/MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 969:264–271. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Lee CY, Hsieh SL, Hsieh S, Tsai CC, Hsieh LC, Kuo YH and Wu CC: Inhibition of human colorectal cancer metastasis by notoginsenoside R1, an important compound from Panax notoginseng. Oncol Rep. 37:399–407. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Zhang W, Shu H, Fang L, Tang N, Li Y, Guo B and Meng F: Cancer inhibition mechanism of lung cancer mouse model based on dye trace method. Saudi J Biol Sci. 27:1155–1162. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Hsieh SL, Hsieh S, Kuo YH, Wang JJ, Wang JC and Wu CC: Effects of Panax notoginseng on the metastasis of human colorectal cancer cells. Am J Chin Med. 44:851–870. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Zhou Y, Zhang X, Wang X, Li Y, Liu Z, Zhang J, Chen L, Xu Y, Yang Y and Wang Z: Ferroptosis in cancer: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic applications. Nat Rev Cancer. 24:1–15. 2024.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Xie Y, Hou W, Song X, Yu Y, Huang J, Sun X, Kang R and Tang D: Ferroptosis: Process and function. Cell Death Differ. 23:369–79. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Muckenthaler MU, Galy B and Hentze MW: Systemic iron homeostasis and the iron-responsive element/iron-regulatory protein (IRE/IRP) regulatory network. Annu Rev Nutr. 28:197–213. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Yang WS and Stockwell BR: Synthetic lethal screening identifies compounds activating iron-dependent, nonapoptotic cell death in oncogenic-RAS-harboring cancer cells. Chem Biol. 15:234–245. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Ganz T and Nemeth E: Hepcidin and iron homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1823:1434–1443. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang Y, Mao Z and Diao Y: Protective effects of Notoginsenoside R1 on the ferroptosis of a human non‑small cell lung cancer cell line. Mol Med Rep 33: 32, 2026.
APA
Zhang, Y., Mao, Z., & Diao, Y. (2026). Protective effects of Notoginsenoside R1 on the ferroptosis of a human non‑small cell lung cancer cell line. Molecular Medicine Reports, 33, 32. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13742
MLA
Zhang, Y., Mao, Z., Diao, Y."Protective effects of Notoginsenoside R1 on the ferroptosis of a human non‑small cell lung cancer cell line". Molecular Medicine Reports 33.1 (2026): 32.
Chicago
Zhang, Y., Mao, Z., Diao, Y."Protective effects of Notoginsenoside R1 on the ferroptosis of a human non‑small cell lung cancer cell line". Molecular Medicine Reports 33, no. 1 (2026): 32. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13742
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang Y, Mao Z and Diao Y: Protective effects of Notoginsenoside R1 on the ferroptosis of a human non‑small cell lung cancer cell line. Mol Med Rep 33: 32, 2026.
APA
Zhang, Y., Mao, Z., & Diao, Y. (2026). Protective effects of Notoginsenoside R1 on the ferroptosis of a human non‑small cell lung cancer cell line. Molecular Medicine Reports, 33, 32. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13742
MLA
Zhang, Y., Mao, Z., Diao, Y."Protective effects of Notoginsenoside R1 on the ferroptosis of a human non‑small cell lung cancer cell line". Molecular Medicine Reports 33.1 (2026): 32.
Chicago
Zhang, Y., Mao, Z., Diao, Y."Protective effects of Notoginsenoside R1 on the ferroptosis of a human non‑small cell lung cancer cell line". Molecular Medicine Reports 33, no. 1 (2026): 32. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13742
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team