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Molecular Medicine Reports
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Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
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February-2026 Volume 33 Issue 2

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International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

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Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

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Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

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International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

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Review Open Access

Gut microbiota as a multifaceted modulator of prostate cancer: Mechanistic insights, therapeutic opportunities and clinical challenges (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Zhenming Hao
    • Yongqiang Xie
    • Ru Zhang
    • Hui Sang
    • Luxi Li
    • Yulin Liu
    • Jinbo Hu
    • Jijun Wang
    • Keqiang Chai
    • Qiang Zhao

  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baiyin, Gansu 730900, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Hao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 65
    |
    Published online on: December 11, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13775
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Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks among the most prevalent malignancies among men worldwide, emphasizing the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Studies have suggested that the gut microbiota may markedly influence PCa pathogenesis through mechanisms such as immunomodulation and metabolic regulation. The present review systematically examined the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota, highlighted clinical evidence linking microbial dysbiosis to PCa risk and examined discrepancies in existing research. Additionally, it explored the therapeutic potential of microbiota modulation, through the use of probiotics and dietary interventions, in enhancing treatment responses. Despite emerging insights, challenges persist, including methodological variations and patient heterogeneity. The present review highlighted the need for further research to elucidate the role of the gut microbiota and support the development of personalized approaches for PCa management. The novelty of this work lay in its comprehensive synthesis of current evidence on the role of the gut microbiota in PCa, identification of gaps in existing research and proposal of future directions to advance our understanding of this emerging field.

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Hao Z, Xie Y, Zhang R, Sang H, Li L, Liu Y, Hu J, Wang J, Chai K, Zhao Q, Zhao Q, et al: Gut microbiota as a multifaceted modulator of prostate cancer: Mechanistic insights, therapeutic opportunities and clinical challenges (Review). Mol Med Rep 33: 65, 2026.
APA
Hao, Z., Xie, Y., Zhang, R., Sang, H., Li, L., Liu, Y. ... Zhao, Q. (2026). Gut microbiota as a multifaceted modulator of prostate cancer: Mechanistic insights, therapeutic opportunities and clinical challenges (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 33, 65. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13775
MLA
Hao, Z., Xie, Y., Zhang, R., Sang, H., Li, L., Liu, Y., Hu, J., Wang, J., Chai, K., Zhao, Q."Gut microbiota as a multifaceted modulator of prostate cancer: Mechanistic insights, therapeutic opportunities and clinical challenges (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 33.2 (2026): 65.
Chicago
Hao, Z., Xie, Y., Zhang, R., Sang, H., Li, L., Liu, Y., Hu, J., Wang, J., Chai, K., Zhao, Q."Gut microbiota as a multifaceted modulator of prostate cancer: Mechanistic insights, therapeutic opportunities and clinical challenges (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 33, no. 2 (2026): 65. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13775
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Hao Z, Xie Y, Zhang R, Sang H, Li L, Liu Y, Hu J, Wang J, Chai K, Zhao Q, Zhao Q, et al: Gut microbiota as a multifaceted modulator of prostate cancer: Mechanistic insights, therapeutic opportunities and clinical challenges (Review). Mol Med Rep 33: 65, 2026.
APA
Hao, Z., Xie, Y., Zhang, R., Sang, H., Li, L., Liu, Y. ... Zhao, Q. (2026). Gut microbiota as a multifaceted modulator of prostate cancer: Mechanistic insights, therapeutic opportunities and clinical challenges (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 33, 65. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13775
MLA
Hao, Z., Xie, Y., Zhang, R., Sang, H., Li, L., Liu, Y., Hu, J., Wang, J., Chai, K., Zhao, Q."Gut microbiota as a multifaceted modulator of prostate cancer: Mechanistic insights, therapeutic opportunities and clinical challenges (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 33.2 (2026): 65.
Chicago
Hao, Z., Xie, Y., Zhang, R., Sang, H., Li, L., Liu, Y., Hu, J., Wang, J., Chai, K., Zhao, Q."Gut microbiota as a multifaceted modulator of prostate cancer: Mechanistic insights, therapeutic opportunities and clinical challenges (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 33, no. 2 (2026): 65. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13775
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