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Molecular Medicine Reports
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Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
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March-2026 Volume 33 Issue 3

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Therapeutic potential of saponins for allergic rhinitis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical perspectives (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Bing-Yu Liang
    • Zi-Yue Fu
    • Fen-Fen Li
    • Ping-Ting Zhou
    • Zi-Hui Xie
    • Ke Han
    • Yan-Xun Han
    • Shan-Wen Chen
    • Yi Zhao
    • Hai-Feng Pan
    • Ye-Hai Liu
    • Yu-Chen Liu

  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China, Department of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Liang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 81
    |
    Published online on: January 7, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13791
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Abstract

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa, often a comorbid condition with asthma, posing notable challenges for treatment. Current therapies, including corticosteroids and antihistamines, primarily target nasal symptoms but exhibit limited efficacy against concurrent asthma and systemic inflammation. Saponins, a class of bioactive plant‑derived compounds, have garnered attention for their pleiotropic effects, including immunomodulation, anti‑inflammatory activity and antioxidant properties. Saponins, such as ginsenosides, notoginsenosides, astragalosides, saikosaponins and platycodins, modulate key molecular pathways in AR, including T helper 1/2 cell balance, mast cell stabilization and NF‑κB signaling. Their multi‑target action and low toxicity profile give them advantages such as metabolic compatibility, reduced polypharmacy risks and mucosal protection. The present review highlighted the mechanistic insights into saponin‑mediated alleviation of AR and asthma, focusing on their molecular targets, signaling pathways and potential for clinical translation. The present review also discussed current limitations and future directions for the development of saponin‑based therapeutics, providing a potential foundation for novel strategies in allergic airway diseases in the future.

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Liang B, Fu Z, Li F, Zhou P, Xie Z, Han K, Han Y, Chen S, Zhao Y, Pan H, Pan H, et al: Therapeutic potential of saponins for allergic rhinitis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical perspectives (Review). Mol Med Rep 33: 81, 2026.
APA
Liang, B., Fu, Z., Li, F., Zhou, P., Xie, Z., Han, K. ... Liu, Y. (2026). Therapeutic potential of saponins for allergic rhinitis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical perspectives (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 33, 81. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13791
MLA
Liang, B., Fu, Z., Li, F., Zhou, P., Xie, Z., Han, K., Han, Y., Chen, S., Zhao, Y., Pan, H., Liu, Y., Liu, Y."Therapeutic potential of saponins for allergic rhinitis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical perspectives (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 33.3 (2026): 81.
Chicago
Liang, B., Fu, Z., Li, F., Zhou, P., Xie, Z., Han, K., Han, Y., Chen, S., Zhao, Y., Pan, H., Liu, Y., Liu, Y."Therapeutic potential of saponins for allergic rhinitis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical perspectives (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 33, no. 3 (2026): 81. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13791
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Liang B, Fu Z, Li F, Zhou P, Xie Z, Han K, Han Y, Chen S, Zhao Y, Pan H, Pan H, et al: Therapeutic potential of saponins for allergic rhinitis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical perspectives (Review). Mol Med Rep 33: 81, 2026.
APA
Liang, B., Fu, Z., Li, F., Zhou, P., Xie, Z., Han, K. ... Liu, Y. (2026). Therapeutic potential of saponins for allergic rhinitis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical perspectives (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 33, 81. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13791
MLA
Liang, B., Fu, Z., Li, F., Zhou, P., Xie, Z., Han, K., Han, Y., Chen, S., Zhao, Y., Pan, H., Liu, Y., Liu, Y."Therapeutic potential of saponins for allergic rhinitis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical perspectives (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 33.3 (2026): 81.
Chicago
Liang, B., Fu, Z., Li, F., Zhou, P., Xie, Z., Han, K., Han, Y., Chen, S., Zhao, Y., Pan, H., Liu, Y., Liu, Y."Therapeutic potential of saponins for allergic rhinitis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical perspectives (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 33, no. 3 (2026): 81. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13791
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