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Review Open Access

Research progress on long non‑coding RNAs in lung cancer (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Renjie Pan
    • Chaohui Wang
    • Yan Tang
    • Fengzhou Zhong
    • Yan Zhuang
    • Qiuxia Zhao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xinghua People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225700, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Pan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 117
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    Published online on: February 12, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13827
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Abstract

Lung cancer remains a significant global health challenge, largely due to difficulties in early detection and the lack of effective therapeutic strategies for more advanced‑stage disease. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying lung carcinogenesis and identifying reliable biomarkers is of urgent importance. Long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of transcripts of >200 nucleotides without protein‑coding potential, have recently emerged as key regulators of tumor cell invasion, metastasis, proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNAs hold notable promise as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in lung cancer. However, a comprehensive overview that integrates their mechanistic roles, clinical potential and the technological advances in their detection, while critically addressing the associated challenges, is lacking, to the best of the authors' knowledge. In the present review, a summary of recent advances in the mechanistic roles of lncRNAs during lung cancer progression and their involvement in therapy response and chemoresistance was provided, along with an up‑to‑date discussion of emerging detection technologies and their implications for clinical translation. The advantages, limitations and challenges of using lncRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in lung cancer are discussed. By synthesizing these aspects, the present review aimed to highlight the novel insights into lncRNAs and outline future research directions, thereby addressing a critical gap in the current literature.
View Figures

Figure 1

Mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated
regulation in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Within the nucleus,
lncRNAs facilitate gene regulation through multiple mechanisms.
They can promote ① the formation of chromatin loops or ② serve as
scaffolding platforms that recruit diverse regulatory complexes to
gene promoters, leading to transcriptional activation or
repression. This is often achieved by ③ guiding epigenetic
modifiers to specific genomic loci, thereby altering DNA or histone
methylation patterns. ④ Nuclear lncRNAs can also recruit regulatory
molecules to mRNAs to regulate mRNA processing. Following their
export to the cytoplasm for translation, mRNAs become targets for
miRNAs, which typically repress gene expression by ⑤ inducing mRNA
degradation or inhibiting translation. ⑥ Cytoplasmic lncRNAs can
counteract this repression by acting as ceRNAs, sequestering miRNAs
and consequently derepressing their target mRNAs. Beyond miRNA
sponging, cytoplasmic lncRNAs also ⑦ regulate protein-protein
interactions and protein stability, thereby modulating signal
transduction pathways and the resulting gene expression profiles. ⑧
Similarly, the sequestration of miRNAs by sponging mechanisms
serves as a key regulatory layer for signaling cascades by
controlling mRNA activity. lncRNA, long non-coding RNAs; miRNAs,
microRNAs; ceRNAs, competitive endogenous RNAs.

Figure 2

lncRNAs participate in the regulation
of cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis and
angiogenesis in lung cancer. lncRNA, long non-coding RNAs.

Figure 3

The complete process of lncRNAs in
lung cancer research. RNA extraction was carried out from tissues
or body fluids of lung cancer patients. Bioinformatics analysis was
conducted using single-molecule sequencing technology to identify
differential lncRNA molecules and conduct in vitro and in
vivo studies to further clarify the potential mechanisms by
which these lncRNAs are involved in the progression of lung cancer.
The considerable diagnostic and prognostic potential of lncRNAs is
undergoing extensive validation in large clinical cohorts, while
simultaneously driving the development of novel therapeutic
strategies for lung cancer patients. lncRNA, long non-coding RNAs;
RISC, RNA-induced silencing complex; siRNA, short interfering RNA;
RNAi, RNA interference; ASO, antisense oligonucleotide.
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Spandidos Publications style
Pan R, Wang C, Tang Y, Zhong F, Zhuang Y and Zhao Q: Research progress on long non‑coding RNAs in lung cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 33: 117, 2026.
APA
Pan, R., Wang, C., Tang, Y., Zhong, F., Zhuang, Y., & Zhao, Q. (2026). Research progress on long non‑coding RNAs in lung cancer (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 33, 117. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13827
MLA
Pan, R., Wang, C., Tang, Y., Zhong, F., Zhuang, Y., Zhao, Q."Research progress on long non‑coding RNAs in lung cancer (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 33.4 (2026): 117.
Chicago
Pan, R., Wang, C., Tang, Y., Zhong, F., Zhuang, Y., Zhao, Q."Research progress on long non‑coding RNAs in lung cancer (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 33, no. 4 (2026): 117. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13827
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Pan R, Wang C, Tang Y, Zhong F, Zhuang Y and Zhao Q: Research progress on long non‑coding RNAs in lung cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 33: 117, 2026.
APA
Pan, R., Wang, C., Tang, Y., Zhong, F., Zhuang, Y., & Zhao, Q. (2026). Research progress on long non‑coding RNAs in lung cancer (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 33, 117. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13827
MLA
Pan, R., Wang, C., Tang, Y., Zhong, F., Zhuang, Y., Zhao, Q."Research progress on long non‑coding RNAs in lung cancer (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 33.4 (2026): 117.
Chicago
Pan, R., Wang, C., Tang, Y., Zhong, F., Zhuang, Y., Zhao, Q."Research progress on long non‑coding RNAs in lung cancer (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 33, no. 4 (2026): 117. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13827
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