Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
July-August 2011 Volume 2 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-August 2011 Volume 2 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Three-gene signature predicts disease progression of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer

  • Authors:
    • Pildu Jeong
    • Yun-Sok Ha
    • In-Chang Cho
    • Seok-Joong Yun
    • Eun Sang Yoo
    • Isaac Yi Kim
    • Yung Hyun Choi
    • Sung-Kwon Moon
    • Wun-Jae Kim
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-711, Republic of Korea, Center for Prostate Cancer, Goyang, Republic of Korea, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea, Section of Urologic Oncology, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA, Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea, Department of Food and Biotechnology, Chungju National University, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-702, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 679-684
    |
    Published online on: May 13, 2011
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2011.309
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The clinical grades and staging methods currently employed for bladder cancer (BC) are inadequate for assessing treatment outcomes for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). We have developed a clinically applicable quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) gene signature to predict the progression of NMIBC. Three genes not previously described for BC were selected from our published progression-related gene classifier data set. Data were drawn from a previous study population and from new cases. Primary NMIBC tissue specimens (n=193) were analyzed by qPCR. Risk scores were then used to rank specimens into high- and low-risk signature groups based on their gene expression. The Kaplan-Meier method and a multivariate Cox regression model were used to identify the prognostic value of the three-gene signature for both recurrence and progression. The Kaplan-Meier estimates revealed significant differences in time-to-recurrence and progression between low- and high-risk signatures (log-rank test, p=0.011 and p<0.001, respectively). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the three-gene risk signature is an independent predictor of bladder tumor progression (hazard ratio, 4.268; 95% CI, 1.542-11.814; p=0.005). In conclusion, our three-gene signature was found to be closely associated with progression among patients with NMIBC.
View Figures

Figure 1

View References

1 

Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao Y, Xu J, Murray T and Thun MJ: Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 58:71–96. 2008.

2 

Ha YS, Kim MJ, Yoon HY, Kang HW, Kim YJ, Yun SJ, Lee SC and Kim WJ: mRNA expression of S100A8 as a prognostic marker for progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Korean J Urol. 51:15–20. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Sylvester RJ, van der Meijden AP, Oosterlinck W, Witjes JA, Bouffioux C, Denis L, Newling DW and Kurth K: Predicting recurrence and progression in individual patients with stage Ta T1 bladder cancer using EORTC risk tables: a combined analysis of 2596 patients from seven EORTC trials. Eur Urol. 49:S466–S477. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Borden LS Jr, Clark PE and Hall MC: Bladder cancer. Curr Opin Oncol. 15:227–233. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Kim WJ, Kim EJ, Kim SK, Kim YJ, Ha YS, Jeong P, Kim MJ, Yun SJ, Lee KM, Moon SK, Lee SC, Cha EJ and Bae SC: Predictive value of progression-related gene classifier in primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Mol Cancer. 9:32010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Shariat SF, Zippe C, Ludecke G, et al: Nomograms including nuclear matrix protein 22 for prediction of disease recurrence and progression in patients with Ta, T1 or CIS transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol. 173:1518–1525. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Hong SJ, Cho KS, Han M, Rhew HY, Kim CS, Ryu SB, Sul CK, Chung MK, Park TC and Kim HJ: Nomograms for prediction of disease recurrence in patients with primary Ta, T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. J Korean Med Sci. 23:428–433. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Habuchi T, Marberger M, Droller MJ, Hemstreet GP III, Grossman HB, Schalken JA, Schmitz-Drager BJ, Murphy WM, Bono AV, Goebell P, Getzenberg RH, Hautmann SH, Messing E, Fradet Y and Lokeshwar VB: Prognostic markers for bladder cancer: International Consensus Panel on bladder tumor markers. Urology. 66:64–74. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Babjuk M, Oosterlinck W, Sylvester R, Kaasinen E, Bohle A and Palou-Redorta J: EAU guidelines on non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Eur Urol. 54:303–314. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Hall MC, Chang SS, Dalbagni G, Pruthi RS, Seigne JD, Skinner EC, Wolf JS Jr and Schellhammer PF: Guideline for the management of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (stages Ta, T1, and Tis): 2007 update. J Urol. 178:2314–2330. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Greene FL: The american joint committee on cancer: updating the strategies in cancer staging. Bull Am Coll Surg. 87:13–15. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

12 

Bland JM and Altman DG: Transformations, means, and confidence intervals. BMJ. 312:10791996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Kim YJ, Ha YS, Kim SK, Yoon HY, Lym MS, Kim MJ, Moon SK, Choi YH and Kim WJ: Gene signatures for the prediction of response to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy in primary pT1 bladder cancers. Clin Cancer Res. 16:2131–2137. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Chen HY, Yu SL, Chen CH, Chang GC, Chen CY, Yuan A, Cheng CL, Wang CH, Terng HJ, Kao SF, Chan WK, Li HN, Liu CC, Singh S, Chen WJ, Chen JJ and Yang PC: A five-gene signature and clinical outcome in non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 356:11–20. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Lossos IS, Czerwinski DK, Alizadeh AA, Wechser MA, Tibshirani R, Botstein D and Levy R: Prediction of survival in diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma based on the expression of six genes. N Engl J Med. 350:1828–1837. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Beer DG, Kardia SL, Huang CC, Giordano TJ, Levin AM, Misek DE, Lin L, Chen G, Gharib TG, Thomas DG, Lizyness ML, Kuick R, Hayasaka S, Taylor JM, Iannettoni MD, Orringer MB and Hanash S: Gene-expression profiles predict survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Med. 8:816–824. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

17 

Skrzypski M, Jassem E, Taron M, Sanchez JJ, Mendez P, Rzyman W, Gulida G, Raz D, Jablons D, Provencio M, Massuti B, Chaib I, Perez-Roca L, Jassem J and Rosell R: Three-gene expression signature predicts survival in early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Clin Cancer Res. 14:4794–4799. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Paik S, Shak S, Tang G, Kim C, Baker J, Cronin M, Baehner FL, Walker MG, Watson D, Park T, Hiller W, Fisher ER, Wickerham DL, Bryant J and Wolmark N: A multigene assay to predict recurrence of tamoxifen-treated, node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 351:2817–2826. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Bol MG, Baak JP, Buhr-Wildhagen S, Kruse AJ, Kjellevold KH, Janssen EA, Mestad O and Ogreid P: Reproducibility and prognostic variability of grade and lamina propria invasion in stages Ta, T1 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol. 169:1291–1294. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Murphy WM, Takezawa K and Maruniak NA: Interobserver discrepancy using the 1998 World Health Organization/International Society of Urologic Pathology classification of urothelial neoplasms: practical choices for patient care. J Urol. 168:968–972. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Wu Q and Maniatis T: Large exons encoding multiple ectodomains are a characteristic feature of protocadherin genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 97:3124–3129. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Erkan M, Weis N, Pan Z, Schwager C, Samkharadze T, Jiang X, Wirkner U, Giese NA, Ansorge W, Debus J, Huber PE, Friess H, Abdollahi A and Kleeff J: Organ-, inflammation- and cancer specific transcriptional fingerprints of pancreatic and hepatic stellate cells. Mol Cancer. 9:882010. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Katoh M: WNT/PCP signaling pathway and human cancer (Review). Oncol Rep. 14:1583–1588. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Hirokawa N: Kinesin and dynein superfamily proteins and the mechanism of organelle transport. Science. 279:519–526. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Aizawa H, Sekine Y, Takemura R, Zhang Z, Nangaku M and Hirokawa N: Kinesin family in murine central nervous system. J Cell Biol. 119:1287–1296. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Cui H, Dong M, Sadhu DN and Rosenberg DW: Suppression of kinesin expression disrupts adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) localization and affects beta-catenin turnover in young adult mouse colon (YAMC) epithelial cells. Exp Cell Res. 280:12–23. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Ostrow KL, Park HL, Hoque MO, Kim MS, Liu J, Argani P, Westra W, Van Criekinge W and Sidransky D: Pharmacologic unmasking of epigenetically silenced genes in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 15:1184–1191. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Uchiyama CM, Zhu J, Carroll RS, Leon SP and Black PM: Differential display of messenger ribonucleic acid: a useful technique for analyzing differential gene expression in human brain tumors. Neurosurgery. 37(Suppl): S464–S470. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Stearns ME and Wang M: Regulation of kinesin expression and type IV collagenase secretion in invasive human prostate PC-3 tumor sublines. Cancer Res. 51:5866–5875. 1991.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Ostrow KL, Hoque MO, Loyo M, Brait M, Greenberg A, Siegfried JM, Grandis JR, Gaither Davis A, Bigbee WL, Rom W and Sidransky D: Molecular analysis of plasma DNA for the early detection of lung cancer by quantitative methylation-specific PCR. Clin Cancer Res. 16:3463–3472. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Tuckwell D: Evolution of von Willebrand factor A (VWA) domains. Biochem Soc Trans. 27:835–840. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Robertson NG, Skvorak AB, Yin Y, Weremowicz S, Johnson KR, Kovatch KA, Battey JF, Bieber FR and Morton CC: Mapping and characterization of a novel cochlear gene in human and in mouse: a positional candidate gene for a deafness disorder, DFNA9. Genomics. 46:345–354. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Rodriguez CI, Cheng JG, Liu L and Stewart CL: Cochlin, a secreted von Willebrand factor type a domain-containing factor, is regulated by leukemia inhibitory factor in the uterus at the time of embryo implantation. Endocrinology. 145:1410–1418. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Botteman MF, Pashos CL, Redaelli A, Laskin B and Hauser R: The health economics of bladder cancer: a comprehensive review of the published literature. Pharmacoeconomics. 21:1315–1330. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Divrik RT, Yildirim U, Zorlu F and Ozen H: The effect of repeat transurethral resection on recurrence and progression rates in patients with T1 tumors of the bladder who received intravesical mitomycin: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. J Urol. 175:1641–1644. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Thalmann GN, Markwalder R, Shahin O, Burkhard FC, Hochreiter WW and Studer UE: Primary T1G3 bladder cancer: organ preserving approach or immediate cystectomy? J Urol. 172:70–75. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Ramani VA, Bromage SJ and Clarke NW: A contemporary standard for morbidity and outcome after radical cystectomy. BJU Int. 104:628–632. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Jeong P, Ha Y, Cho I, Yun S, Yoo E, Kim I, Choi Y, Moon S and Kim W: Three-gene signature predicts disease progression of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Oncol Lett 2: 679-684, 2011.
APA
Jeong, P., Ha, Y., Cho, I., Yun, S., Yoo, E., Kim, I. ... Kim, W. (2011). Three-gene signature predicts disease progression of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Oncology Letters, 2, 679-684. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2011.309
MLA
Jeong, P., Ha, Y., Cho, I., Yun, S., Yoo, E., Kim, I., Choi, Y., Moon, S., Kim, W."Three-gene signature predicts disease progression of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer". Oncology Letters 2.4 (2011): 679-684.
Chicago
Jeong, P., Ha, Y., Cho, I., Yun, S., Yoo, E., Kim, I., Choi, Y., Moon, S., Kim, W."Three-gene signature predicts disease progression of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer". Oncology Letters 2, no. 4 (2011): 679-684. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2011.309
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Jeong P, Ha Y, Cho I, Yun S, Yoo E, Kim I, Choi Y, Moon S and Kim W: Three-gene signature predicts disease progression of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Oncol Lett 2: 679-684, 2011.
APA
Jeong, P., Ha, Y., Cho, I., Yun, S., Yoo, E., Kim, I. ... Kim, W. (2011). Three-gene signature predicts disease progression of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Oncology Letters, 2, 679-684. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2011.309
MLA
Jeong, P., Ha, Y., Cho, I., Yun, S., Yoo, E., Kim, I., Choi, Y., Moon, S., Kim, W."Three-gene signature predicts disease progression of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer". Oncology Letters 2.4 (2011): 679-684.
Chicago
Jeong, P., Ha, Y., Cho, I., Yun, S., Yoo, E., Kim, I., Choi, Y., Moon, S., Kim, W."Three-gene signature predicts disease progression of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer". Oncology Letters 2, no. 4 (2011): 679-684. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2011.309
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team