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Article

Induction of cytokines and growth factors by rapamycin in the microenvironment of brain metastases of lung cancer

  • Authors:
    • Se Hoon Kim
    • Jung Eun Lee
    • Seung-Ho Yang
    • Sang Won Lee
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Department of Neurosurgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Kunggido 442-723, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 953-958
    |
    Published online on: January 15, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2013.1135
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Abstract

The association between rapamycin and astrocytes in a tumor-bearing mouse model with brain metastases of non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was investigated. For in vitro experiments, NCI-H358, a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, was co-cultured with immortalized astrocytes, and treated with rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor. We evaluated the expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1) in tumor cells in vivo. Rapamycin is cytotoxic in vitro; however, co-culturing tumor cells and astrocytes induced tumor cell survival. IL-1, IL-3, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, PDGF, MCP-1 and MIP-1 expression were higher in rapamycin-treated mice compared to the control group, however, IGF-1 expression was lower. Notably, treatment with rapamycin before inoculating tumor cells affected cytokine expression in the tumor microenvironment. We suggest that growth factors and cytokines in the tumor microenvironment play a role in the survival of cancer cells in brain metastases.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Kim SH, Lee JE, Yang S and Lee SW: Induction of cytokines and growth factors by rapamycin in the microenvironment of brain metastases of lung cancer . Oncol Lett 5: 953-958, 2013.
APA
Kim, S.H., Lee, J.E., Yang, S., & Lee, S.W. (2013). Induction of cytokines and growth factors by rapamycin in the microenvironment of brain metastases of lung cancer . Oncology Letters, 5, 953-958. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2013.1135
MLA
Kim, S. H., Lee, J. E., Yang, S., Lee, S. W."Induction of cytokines and growth factors by rapamycin in the microenvironment of brain metastases of lung cancer ". Oncology Letters 5.3 (2013): 953-958.
Chicago
Kim, S. H., Lee, J. E., Yang, S., Lee, S. W."Induction of cytokines and growth factors by rapamycin in the microenvironment of brain metastases of lung cancer ". Oncology Letters 5, no. 3 (2013): 953-958. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2013.1135
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Kim SH, Lee JE, Yang S and Lee SW: Induction of cytokines and growth factors by rapamycin in the microenvironment of brain metastases of lung cancer . Oncol Lett 5: 953-958, 2013.
APA
Kim, S.H., Lee, J.E., Yang, S., & Lee, S.W. (2013). Induction of cytokines and growth factors by rapamycin in the microenvironment of brain metastases of lung cancer . Oncology Letters, 5, 953-958. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2013.1135
MLA
Kim, S. H., Lee, J. E., Yang, S., Lee, S. W."Induction of cytokines and growth factors by rapamycin in the microenvironment of brain metastases of lung cancer ". Oncology Letters 5.3 (2013): 953-958.
Chicago
Kim, S. H., Lee, J. E., Yang, S., Lee, S. W."Induction of cytokines and growth factors by rapamycin in the microenvironment of brain metastases of lung cancer ". Oncology Letters 5, no. 3 (2013): 953-958. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2013.1135
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