A new phantom and empirical formula for apparent diffusion coefficient measurement by a 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner

Hara,Marina; Kuroda,Masahiro; Ohmura,Yuichi; Matsuzaki,Hidenobu; Kobayashi,Tomoki; Murakami,Jun; Katashima,Kazunori; Ashida,Masakazu; Ohno,Seiichiro; Asaumi,Jun‑Ichi

doi:10.3892/ol.2014.2187

A new phantom and empirical formula for apparent diffusion coefficient measurement by a 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner

Authors:
- Marina Hara
- Masahiro Kuroda
- Yuichi Ohmura
- Hidenobu Matsuzaki
- Tomoki Kobayashi
- Jun Murakami
- Kazunori Katashima
- Masakazu Ashida
- Seiichiro Ohno
- Jun‑Ichi Asaumi
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700‑8558, Japan, Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700‑8558, Japan, Department of Oral Diagnosis and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama University, Okayama 700‑8558, Japan, Central Division of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama University, Okayama 700‑8558, Japan
Published online on: May 28, 2014 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2014.2187
Pages: 819-824

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

The aim of this study was to create a new phantom for a 3 Tesla (3T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device for the calculation of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) using diffusion‑weighted imaging (DWI), and to mimic the ADC values of normal and tumor tissues at various temperatures, including the physiological body temperature of 37˚C. The phantom was produced using several concentrations of sucrose from 0 to 1.2 M, and the DWI was performed using various phantom temperatures. The accurate ADC values were calculated using the DWIs of the phantoms, and an empirical formula was developed to calculate the ADC values of the phantoms from an arbitrary sucrose concentration and arbitrary phantom temperature. The empirical formula was able to produce ADC values ranging between 0.33 and 3.02x10‑3 mm2/sec, which covered the range of ADC values of the human body that have been measured clinically by 3T MRI in previous studies. The phantom and empirical formula developed in this study may be available to mimic the ADC values of the clinical human lesion by 3T MRI.

View Figures

View References

1	Srinivasan A, Dvorak R, Rohrer S and Mukherji SK: Initial experience of 3-tesla apparent diffusion coefficient values in characterizing squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Acta Radiol. 49:1079–1084. 2008.
2	Jung SH, Heo SH, Kim JW, et al: Predicting response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: diffusion-weighted 3 Tesla MR imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 35:110–116. 2012.
3	Kim HS, Kim CK, Park BK, Huh SJ and Kim B: Evaluation of therapeutic response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with cervical cancer using diffusion-weighted MR imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 37:187–193. 2013.
4	Jensen LR, Garzon B, Heldahl MG, et al: Diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in evaluation of early treatment effects during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. J Magn Reson Imaging. 34:1099–1109. 2011.
5	Abdel Razek AA, Elkhamary S, Al-Mesfer S and Alkatan HM: Correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient at 3T with prognostic parameters of retinoblastoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 33:944–948. 2012.
6	Doskaliyev A, Yamasaki F, Ohtaki M, et al: Lymphomas and glioblastomas: Differences in the apparent diffusion coefficient evaluated with high b-value diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 3T. Eur J Radiol. 81:339–344. 2012.
7	Mottola JC, Sahni VA, Erturk SM, et al: Diffusion-weighted MRI of focal cystic pancreatic lesions at 3.0-Tesla: preliminary results. Abdom Imaging. 37:110–117. 2012.
8	Uehara T, Takahama J, Marugami N, et al: Visualization of ovarian tumors using 3T MR imaging: diagnostic effectiveness and difficulties. Magn Reson Med Sci. 11:171–178. 2012.
9	Tamura T, Usui S and Akiyama M: Investigation of a phantom for diffusion weighted imaging that controlled the apparent diffusion coefficient using gelatin and sucrose. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi. 65:1485–1493. 2009.(In Japanese).
10	Matsuya R, Kuroda M, Matsumoto Y, et al: A new phantom using polyethylene glycol as an apparent diffusion coefficient standard for MR imaging. Int J Oncol. 35:893–900. 2009.
11	Einstein A: Investigations on the Theory of the Brownian Movement. Fürth R: Dover Publications, Inc; New York, NY: pp. p811956
12	Ramm LE, Whitlow MB and Mayer MM: Transmembrane channel formation by complement: functional analysis of the number of C5b6, C7, C8 and C9 molecules required for a single channel. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 79:4751–4755. 1982.
13	Sasaki T, Kuroda M, Katashima K, et al: In vitro assessment of factors affecting the apparent diffusion coefficient of Ramos cells using bio-phantoms. Acta Med Okayama. 66:263–270. 2012.
14	Anderson AW, Xie J, Pizzonia J, et al: Effects of cell volume fraction changes on apparent diffusion in human cells. Magn Reson Imaging. 18:689–695. 2000.
15	Roth Y, Ocherashvilli A, Daniels D, et al: Quantification of water compartmentation in cell suspensions by diffusion-weighted and T(2)-weighted MRI. Magn Reson Imaging. 26:88–102. 2008.
16	Pilatus U, Shim H, Artemov D, et al: Intracellular volume and apparent diffusion constants of perfused cancer cell cultures, as measured by NMR. Magn Reson Med. 37:825–832. 1997.
17	Kitajima K, Takahashi S, Ueno Y, et al: Clinical utility of apparent diffusion coefficient values obtained using high b-value when diagnosing prostate cancer using 3 tesla MRI: comparison between ultra-high b-value (2000 s/mm²) and standard high b-value (1000 s/mm²). J Magn Reson Imaging. 36:198–205. 2012.
18	Cihangiroglu M, Ulug AM, Firat Z, et al: High b-value diffusion-weighted MR imaging of normal brain at 3T. Eur J Radiol. 69:454–458. 2009.
19	Ilica AT, Artas H, Ayan A, et al: Initial experience of 3 tesla apparent diffusion coefficient values in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules. J Magn Reson Imaging. 37:1077–1082. 2013.
20	Lyng H, Haraldseth O and Rofstad EK: Measurement of cell density and necrotic fraction in human melanoma xenografts by diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med. 43:828–836. 2000.
21	Kim H, Morgan DE, Buchsbaum DJ, et al: Early therapy evaluation of combined anti-death receptor 5 antibody and gemcitabine in orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Cancer Res. 68:8369–8376. 2008.
22	Kamel IR, Bluemke DA, Ramsey D, et al: Role of diffusion-weighted imaging in estimating tumor necrosis after chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 181:708–710. 2003.
23	Lang P, Wendland MF, Saeed M, et al: Osteogenic sarcoma: noninvasive in vivo assessment of tumor necrosis with diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Radiology. 206:227–235. 1998.
24	Gibbs P, Liney GP, Pickles MD, et al: Correlation of ADC and T2 measurements with cell density in prostate cancer at 3.0 Tesla. Invest Radiol. 44:572–576. 2009.
25	Guo AC, Cummings TJ, Dash RC and Provenzale JM: Lymphomas and high-grade astrocytomas: comparison of water diffusibility and histologic characteristics. Radiology. 224:177–183. 2002.
26	Thoeny HC, De Keyzer F, Chen F, et al: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in monitoring the effect of a vascular targeting agent on rhabdomyosarcoma in rats. Radiology. 234:756–764. 2005.