Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
June-2015 Volume 9 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June-2015 Volume 9 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based extracellular metabolomic analysis of multidrug resistant Tca8113 oral squamous carcinoma cells

  • Authors:
    • Hui Wang
    • Jiao Chen
    • Yun Feng
    • Wenjie Zhou
    • Jihua Zhang
    • Yu Yu
    • Xiaoqian Wang
    • Ping Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 2551-2559
    |
    Published online on: April 21, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.3128
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

A major obstacle of successful chemotherapy is the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in the cancer cells, which is difficult to reverse. Metabolomic analysis, an emerging approach that has been increasingly applied in various fields, is able to reflect the unique chemical fingerprints of specific cellular processes in an organism. The assessment of such metabolite changes can be used to identify novel therapeutic biomarkers. In the present study, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to analyze the extracellular metabolomic spectrum of the Tca8113 oral squamous carcinoma cell line, in which MDR was induced using the carboplatin (CBP) and pingyangmycin (PYM) chemotherapy drugs in vitro. The data were analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‑DA) methods. The results demonstrated that the extracellular metabolomic spectrum of metabolites such as glutamate, glycerophosphoethanol amine, α‑Glucose and β‑Glucose for the drug‑induced Tca8113 cells was significantly different from the parental Tca8113 cell line. A number of biochemicals were also significantly different between the groups based on their NMR spectra, with drug‑resistant cells presenting relatively higher levels of acetate and lower levels of lactate. In addition, a significantly higher peak was observed at δ 3.35 ppm in the spectrum of the PYM‑induced Tca8113 cells. Therefore, 1H NMR‑based metabolomic analysis has a high potential for monitoring the formation of MDR during clinical tumor chemotherapy in the future.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Fardel O, Lecureur V and Guillouzo A: The P-glycoprotein multidrug transporter. Gen Pharmacol. 27:1283–1291. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Goldstein LJ: MDR1 gene expression in solid tumours. Eur J Cancer. 32A:1039–1050. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Chen J, Lu L, Feng Y, et al: PKD2 mediates multi-drug resistance in breast cancer cells through modulation of P-glycoprotein expression. Cancer Lett. 300:48–56. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Teodori E, Dei S, Scapecchi S and Gualtieri F: The medicinal chemistry of multidrug resistance (MDR) reversing drugs. Farmaco. 57:385–415. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Yan S, Ma D, Ji M, et al: Expression profile of Notch-related genes in multidrug resistant K562/A02 cells compared with parental K562 cells. Int J Lab Hematol. 32:150–158. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Varma MV, Ashokraj Y, Dey CS and Panchagnula R: P-glycoprotein inhibitors and their screening: a perspective from bioavailability enhancement. Pharmacol Res. 48:347–359. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Kars MD, Iseri OD, Gündüz U, Ural AU, Arpaci F and Molnár J: Development of rational in vitro models for drug resistance in breast cancer and modulation of MDR by selected compounds. Anticancer Res. 26:4559–4568. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Schmidt C: Metabolomics takes its place as latest up-and-coming “omic” science. J Natl Cancer Inst. 96:732–734. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Ai JY, Smith B and Wong DT: Bioinformatics advances in saliva diagnostics. Int J Oral Sci. 4:85–87. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

German JB, Bauman DE, Burrin DG, et al: Metabolomics in the opening decade of the 21st century building the roads to individualized health. J Nutr. 134:2729–2732. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Lindon JC, Holmes E and Nicholson JK: So what's the deal with metabonomics? Anal Chem. 75:384A–391A. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Ratajczak-Wrona W, Jablonska E, Antonowicz B, Dziemianczyk D and Grabowska SZ: Levels of biological markers of nitric oxide in serum of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Int J Oral Sci. 5:141–145. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Goodacre R, Vaidyanathan S, Dunn WB, Harrigan GG and Kell DB: Metabolomics by numbers: acquiring and understanding global metabolite data. Trends Biotechnol. 22:245–252. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Nicholson JK, Lindon JC and Holmes E: ‘Metabonomics’: understanding the metabolic responses of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli via multivariate statistical analysis of biological NMR spectroscopic data. Xenobiotica. 29:1181–1189. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Bathen TF, Jensen LR, Sitter B, et al: MR-determined metabolic phenotype of breast cancer in prediction of lymphatic spread, grade and hormone status. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 104:181–189. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Pec J, Flores-Sanchez IJ, Choi YH and Verpoorte R: Metabolic analysis of elicited cell suspension cultures of Cannabis sativa L. by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Biotechnol Lett. 32:935–941. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Seger C and Sturm S: Analytical aspects of plant metabolite profiling platforms: current standings and future aims. J Proteome Res. 6:480–497. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Kim HK, Choi YH and Verpoorte R: NMR-based metabolomic analysis of plants. Nat Protoc. 5:536–549. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Allwood JW, Clarke A, Goodacre R and Mur LA: Dual metabolomics: a novel approach to understanding plant-pathogen interactions. Phytochemistry. 71:590–597. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Sheedy JR, Ebeling PR, Gooley PR and McConville MJ: A sample preparation protocol for 1H nuclear magnetic resonance studies of water-soluble metabolites in blood and urine. Anal Biochem. 398:263–265. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Barton RH, Waterman D, Bonner FW, et al: The influence of EDTA and citrate anticoagulant addition to human plasma on information recovery from NMR-based metabolic profiling studies. Mol Biosyst. 6:215–224. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Holmes E, Nicholls AW, Lindon JC, et al: Development of a model for classification of toxin-induced lesions using 1H NMR spectroscopy of urine combined with pattern recognition. NMR Biomed. 11:235–244. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Beckonert O, Monnerjahn J, Bonk U and Leibfritz D: Visualizing metabolic changes in breast-cancer tissue using 1H-NMR spectroscopy and self-organizing maps. NMR Biomed. 16:1–11. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Yokota H, Guo J, Matoba M, Higashi K, Tonami H and Nagao Y: Lactate, choline and creatine levels measured by vitro 1H-MRS as prognostic parameters in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. J Magn Reson Imaging. 25:992–999. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Griffin JL and Kauppinen RA: Tumour metabolomics in animal models of human cancer. J Proteome Res. 6:498–505. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Tiziani S, Lopes V and Günther UL: Early stage diagnosis of oral cancer using 1H NMR-based metabolomics. Neoplasia. 11:269–276. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Lucas LH, Larive CK, Wilkinson PS and Huhn S: Progress toward automated metabolic profiling of human serum: comparison of CPMG and gradient-filtered NMR analytical methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 39:156–163. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Levitt MH: Spin Dynamics. Basics of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. 2nd. John Wiley & Sons; New York, NY: 2008

29 

Jackson JE: A User's Guide to Principal Components. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; New York, NY: pp. 20–150. 1991

30 

Zhou J, Xu B, Huang J, et al: 1H NMR-based metabonomic and pattern recognition analysis for detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta. 401:8–13. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Gavaghan CL, Wilson ID and Nicholson JK: Physiological variation in metabolic phenotyping and functional genomic studies: use of orthogonal signal correction and PLS-DA. FEBS Lett. 530:191–196. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Rocha CM, Barros AS, Gil AM, et al: Metabolic profiling of human lung cancer tissue by 1H high resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR spectroscopy. J Proteome Res. 9:319–332. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Tang H, Wang Y, Nicholson JK and Lindon JC: Use of relaxation-edited one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to improve detection of small metabolites in blood plasma. Anal Biochem. 325:260–272. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Ala-Korpela M: 1H NMR spectroscopy of human blood plasma. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc. 27:475–554. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Wang L, Chen J, Chen L, et al: 1H-NMR based metabonomic profiling of human esophageal cancer tissue. Mol Cancer. 12:252013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Lenz EM, Bright J, Wilson ID, Morgan SR and Nash AF: A 1H NMR-based metabonomic study of urine and plasma samples obtained from healthy human subjects. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 33:1103–1115. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Nicholson JK, Foxall PJ, Spraul M, Farrant RD and Lindon JC: 750 MHz 1H and 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of human blood plasma. Anal Chem. 67:793–811. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Ulrich EL, Akutsu H, Doreleijers JF, et al: BioMagResBank. Nucleic Acids Res. 36:(Database). D402–D408. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Wishart DS, Tzur D, Knox C, et al: HMDB: The human metabolome database. Nucleic Acids Res. 35:(Database). D521–D526. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Briske-Anderson MJ, Finley JW and Newman SM: The influence of culture time and passage number on the morphological and physiological development of Caco-2 cells. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 214:248–257. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Siissalo S, Laitinen L, Koljonen M, et al: Effect of cell differentiation and passage number on the expression of efflux proteins in wild type and vinblastine-induced Caco-2 cell lines. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 67:548–554. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Goldsmith P, Fenton H, Morris-Stiff G, Ahmad N, Fisher J and Prasad KR: Metabonomics: A useful tool for the future surgeon. J Surg Res. 160:122–132. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Holmes E, Foxall PJ, Nicholson JK, et al: Automatic data reduction and pattern recognition methods for analysis of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of human urine from normal and pathological states. Anal Biochem. 220:284–296. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Fauvelle F, Dorandeu F, Carpentier P, et al: Changes in mouse brain metabolism following a convulsive dose of soman: a proton HRMAS NMR study. Toxicology. 267:99–111. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Schroeder FC: Small molecule signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans. ACS Chem Biol. 1:198–200. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Schroeder FC, Gibson DM, Churchill AC, et al: Differential analysis of 2D NMR spectra: New natural products from a pilot-scale fungal extract library. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 46:901–904. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Bédouet L, Rusconi F, Rousseau M, et al: Identification of low molecular weight molecules as new components of the nacre organic matrix. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 144:532–543. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Vinay P, Prud'Homme M, Vinet B, et al: Acetate metabolism and bicarbonate generation during hemodialysis: 10 years of observation. Kidney Int. 31:1194–1204. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Zhu Y, Eiteman MA, Lee SA and Altman E: Conversion of glycerol to pyruvate by Escherichia coli using acetate- and acetate/glucose-limited fed-batch processes. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 37:307–312. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Meng PH, Raynaud C, Tcherkez G, et al: Crosstalks between myo-inositol metabolism, programmed cell death and basal immunity in Arabidopsis. PLoS One. 4:e73642009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Downes CP, Gray A and Lucocq JM: Probing phosphoinositide functions in signaling and membrane trafficking. Trends Cell Biol. 15:259–268. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Malan TP Jr and Porreca F: Lipid mediators regulating pain sensitivity. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 77:123–130. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Loewus FA and Murthy PP: Myo-Inositol metabolism in plants. Plant Sci. 150:1–19. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wang H, Chen J, Feng Y, Zhou W, Zhang J, Yu Y, Wang X and Zhang P: 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based extracellular metabolomic analysis of multidrug resistant Tca8113 oral squamous carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 9: 2551-2559, 2015.
APA
Wang, H., Chen, J., Feng, Y., Zhou, W., Zhang, J., Yu, Y. ... Zhang, P. (2015). 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based extracellular metabolomic analysis of multidrug resistant Tca8113 oral squamous carcinoma cells. Oncology Letters, 9, 2551-2559. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.3128
MLA
Wang, H., Chen, J., Feng, Y., Zhou, W., Zhang, J., Yu, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, P."1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based extracellular metabolomic analysis of multidrug resistant Tca8113 oral squamous carcinoma cells". Oncology Letters 9.6 (2015): 2551-2559.
Chicago
Wang, H., Chen, J., Feng, Y., Zhou, W., Zhang, J., Yu, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, P."1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based extracellular metabolomic analysis of multidrug resistant Tca8113 oral squamous carcinoma cells". Oncology Letters 9, no. 6 (2015): 2551-2559. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.3128
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wang H, Chen J, Feng Y, Zhou W, Zhang J, Yu Y, Wang X and Zhang P: 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based extracellular metabolomic analysis of multidrug resistant Tca8113 oral squamous carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 9: 2551-2559, 2015.
APA
Wang, H., Chen, J., Feng, Y., Zhou, W., Zhang, J., Yu, Y. ... Zhang, P. (2015). 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based extracellular metabolomic analysis of multidrug resistant Tca8113 oral squamous carcinoma cells. Oncology Letters, 9, 2551-2559. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.3128
MLA
Wang, H., Chen, J., Feng, Y., Zhou, W., Zhang, J., Yu, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, P."1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based extracellular metabolomic analysis of multidrug resistant Tca8113 oral squamous carcinoma cells". Oncology Letters 9.6 (2015): 2551-2559.
Chicago
Wang, H., Chen, J., Feng, Y., Zhou, W., Zhang, J., Yu, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, P."1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based extracellular metabolomic analysis of multidrug resistant Tca8113 oral squamous carcinoma cells". Oncology Letters 9, no. 6 (2015): 2551-2559. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.3128
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team