Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
July-2015 Volume 10 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2015 Volume 10 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Prognostic value of the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog and CD44 in elderly patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia

  • Authors:
    • Xiao Huang
    • Dongyun Li
    • Tiantian Li
    • Bo Zhao
    • Xinyi Chen
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Oncology and Hematology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China, Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas, Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
    Copyright: © Huang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 103-110
    |
    Published online on: May 6, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.3189
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The leukemic stem cell marker CD44, has been reported to have prognostic significance in hematological malignancies. The present study therefore aimed to evaluate whether the expression levels of CD44 and the associated pathway components are associated with the survival rate of elderly patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A total of 20 elderly patients diagnosed with refractory AML were divided into two groups, following induction chemotherapy: Complete remission (CR, n=9) and non‑remission (NR. n=11). Bone marrow biopsy specimens were collected, expression levels of CD44, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and nuclear factor-κB (NF‑κB) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and the captured images were analyzed in a blinded manner using Image Pro Plus software, version 6.0. The overall survival rates (OS) of the patients were then analyzed with log rank, and the correlation between CD44, PTEN, mTOR and NF‑κB expression levels and patients survival rates were statistically analyzed using Pearson's method. Significant differences were observed between the CR and NR groups for PTEN (P=0.025) and CD44 (P=0.020) expression levels. Positive CD44 expression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival, with a hazard ratio of 6.281 (95% CI, 1.78‑22.12; P=0.0042). The mean OS was 4.00 months for patients that demonstrated positive CD44 expression, compared with 9.27 months for patients that demonstrated negative CD44 expression. A tendency towards reduced survival rates was also observed in patients negative for PTEN expression, when compared with that of PTEN-positive patients. The mean OS was 4.81 months in PTEN-negative patients vs. 8.8 months in PTEN-positive patients, with a hazard ratio of 2.689 (95%CI, 0.89‑8.08; P=0.078). Patients that exhibited PTEN-positive and CD44-negative expression, survived significantly longer than patients that demonstrated PTEN-negative and CD44-positive expression (mean OS, 9.86 vs 2.67 months; hazard ratio=0.037; 95% CI, 0.006‑0.222, P=0.0006). The expression levels of NF‑κB and mTOR were slightly increased in the NR group compared with those of the CR group, although no significant differences were identified. PTEN and CD44 expression levels demonstrated trends towards negative correlation. In conclusion, the expression levels of CD44 and PTEN may be useful markers to predict the prognosis of elderly patients with refractory AML.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT, et al: Proposals for the classification of the acute leukaemias French-American-British (FAB) co-operative group. Br J Haematol. 33:451–458. 1976. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT, et al: Proposed revised criteria for the classification of acute myeloid leukemia A report of the French-American-British Cooperative Group. Ann Intern Med. 103:620–625. 1985. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT, et al: Criteria for the diagnosis of acute leukemia of megakaryocyte lineage (M7). A report of the French-American-British Cooperative Group. Ann Intern Med. 103:460–462. 1985. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT, et al: Proposal for the recognition of minimally differentiated acute myeloid leukaemia (AML-MO). Br J Haematol. 78:325–329. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, et al: The World Health Organization classification of neoplasms of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: Report of the Clinical Advisory Committee meeting - Airlie House, Virginia, November, 1997. Hematol J. 1:53–66. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Vardiman JW, Thiele J, Arber DA, et al: The 2008 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia: Rationale and important changes. Blood. 114:937–951. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Yates JW, Wallace HJ Jr, Ellison RR and Holland JF: Cytosine arabinoside (NSC-63878) and daunorubicin (NSC-83142) therapy in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Chemother Rep. 57:485–488. 1973.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Rai KR, Holland JF, Glidewell OJ, et al: Treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia: A study by cancer and leukemia group B. Blood. 58:1203–1212. 1981.PubMed/NCBI

9 

O'Donnell MR, Abboud CN, Altman J, et al: Acute myeloid leukemia. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 10:984–1021. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

10 

Swords R and Santini V: In elderly patients with AML, which patients should be considered fit or unfit for standard induction therapy? Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2012:74–75. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Yanada M and Naoe T: Acute myeloid leukemia in older adults. Int J Hematol. 96:186–193. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Burnett A, Wetzler M and Löwenberg B: Therapeutic advances in acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 29:487–494. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Dombret H, Raffoux E and Gardin C: Acute myeloid leukemia in the elderly. Semin Oncol. 35:430–438. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Krug U, Büchner T, Berdel WE and Müller-Tidow C: The treatment of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 108:863–870. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

15 

Jordan CT: The leukemic stem cell. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 20:13–18. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

She M, Niu X, Chen X, et al: Resistance of leukemic stem-like cells in AML cell line KG1a to natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Cancer Lett. 318:173–179. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Ardekani AM, Akhondi MM and Sadeghi MR: Application of genomic and proteomic technologies to early detection of cancer. Arch Iran Med. 11:427–434. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Biomarkers Definitions Working Group, . Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: Preferred definitions and conceptual framework. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 69:89–95. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Eisterer W, Bechter O, Hilbe W, et al: CD44 isoforms are differentially regulated in plasma cell dyscrasias and CD44v9 represents a new independent prognostic parameter in multiple myeloma. Leuk Res. 25:1051–1057. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Niitsu N and Iijima K: High serum soluble CD44 is correlated with a poor outcome of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Leuk Res. 26:241–248. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Krause DS, Spitzer TR and Stowell CP: The concentration of CD44 is increased in hematopoietic stem cell grafts of patients with acute myeloid leukemia, plasma cell myeloma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 134:1033–1038. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

22 

Mi Y and Bian S: Acute leukemiaStandardization of Hematologic Disease Diagnosis and the Therapeutic Effect. Zhinan Z and Ti S: 1. 3rd. Science Press; Beijing, China: pp. 131–134. 2007

23 

Wang Z, Zheng T, Wu Q and Wang J, Wu C and Wang J: Immunohistochemical analysis of the mTOR pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Neoplasma. 59:137–141. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Hu J, Liu YL, Piao SL, et al: Expression patterns of USP22 and potential targets BMI-1, PTEN, p-AKT in non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 77:593–599. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Cao L, Hu X, Zhang J, Liang P and Zhang Y: CD44 U(+) CD324(–) expression and prognosis in gastric cancer patients. J Surg Oncol. 110:727–733. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Opitz I, Soltermann A, Abaecherli M, et al: PTEN expression is a strong predictor of survival in mesothelioma patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 33:502–506. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Tapia O, Riquelme I, Leal P, et al: The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is activated in gastric cancer with potential prognostic and predictive significance. Virchows Arch. 465:25–33. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Sebban C, Browman GP, Lepage E and Fière D: Prognostic value of early response to chemotherapy assessed by the day 15 bone marrow aspiration in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A prospective analysis of 437 cases and its application for designing induction chemotherapy trials. Leuk Res. 19:861–868. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Cortes J, Fayad L, O'Brien S, Keating M and Kantarjian H: Persistence of peripheral blood and bone marrow blasts during remission induction in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia confers a poor prognosis depending on treatment intensity. Clin Cancer Res. 5:2491–2497. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Fitzgerald KA, Bowie AG, Skeffington BS and O'Neill LA: Ras, protein kinase C zeta, and I kappa B kinases 1 and 2 are downstream effectors of CD44 during the activation of NF-kappa B by hyaluronic acid fragments in T-24 carcinoma cells. J Immunol. 164:2053–2063. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Bourguignon LY, Zhu H, Shao L, Zhu D and Chen YW: Rho-kinase (ROK) promotes CD44v(3,8–10)-ankyrin interaction and tumor cell migration in metastatic breast cancer cells. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 43:269–287. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Lin YH and Yang-Yen HF: The osteopontin-CD44 survival signal involves activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. J Biol Chem. 276:46024–46030. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Dick JE, Bhatia M, Gan O, Kapp U and Wang JC: Assay of human stem cells by repopulation of NOD/SCID mice. Stem Cells. 15:199–207. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Krause DS and Van Etten RA: Right on target: Eradicating leukemic stem cells. Trends Mol Med. 13:470–481. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Oelschlaegel U, Bornhauser M, Boxberger S, et al: Kinetics of CXCR-4 and adhesion molecule expression during autologous stem cell mobilisation with G-CSF plus AMD3100 in patients with multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol. 86:569–573. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

van Rhenen A, Moshaver B, Kelder A, et al: Aberrant marker expression patterns on the CD34+CD38- stem cell compartment in acute myeloid leukemia allows to distinguish the malignant from the normal stem cell compartment both at diagnosis and in remission. Leukemia. 21:1700–1707. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Buzzai M and Licht JD: New molecular concepts and targets in acute myeloid leukemia. Curr Opin Hematol. 15:82–87. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Spaeth EL, Labaff AM, Toole BP, et al: Mesenchymal CD44 expression contributes to the acquisition of an activated fibroblast phenotype via TWIST activation in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res. 73:5347–5359. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Lane SW, Scadden DT and Gilliland DG: The leukemic stem cell niche: Current concepts and therapeutic opportunities. Blood. 114:1150–1157. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Maehama T and Dixon JE: The tumor suppressor, PTEN/MMAC1, dephosphorylates the lipid second messenger, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. J Biol Chem. 273:13375–13378. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Stiles B, Groszer M, Wang S, Jiao J and Wu H: PTENless means more. Dev Biol. 273:175–184. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Dahia PL, Aguiar RC, Alberta J, et al: PTEN is inversely correlated with the cell survival factor Akt/PKB and is inactivated via multiple mechanisms in haematological malignancies. Hum Mol Genet. 8:185–193. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Cheong JW, Eom JI, Maeng HY, et al: Phosphatase and tensin homologue phosphorylation in the C-terminal regulatory domain is frequently observed in acute myeloid leukaemia and associated with poor clinical outcome. Br J Haematol. 122:454–456. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Squarize CH, Castilho RM, Abrahao AC, et al: PTEN deficiency contributes to the development and progression of head and neck cancer. Neoplasia. 15:461–471. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

da Costa AA, D'Almeida Costa F, Ribeiro AR, et al: Low PTEN expression is associated with worse overall survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with chemotherapy and cetuximab. Int J Clin Oncol. May 27–2014.(Epub ahead of print).

46 

Hede K: PTEN takes center stage in cancer stem cell research, works as tumor suppressor. J Natl Cancer Inst. 98:808–809. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

He XC, Yin T, Grindley JC, et al: PTEN-deficient intestinal stem cells initiate intestinal polyposis. Nat Genet. 39:189–198. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Yilmaz OH, Valdez R, Theisen BK, et al: Pten dependence distinguishes haematopoietic stem cells from leukaemia-initiating cells. Nature. 441:475–482. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Tesio M, Oser GM, Baccelli I, et al: Pten loss in the bone marrow leads to G-CSF-mediated HSC mobilization. J Exp Med. 210:2337–2349. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Chu TH, Chan HH, Kuo HM, et al: Celecoxib suppresses hepatoma stemness and progression by up-regulating PTEN. Oncotarget. 5:1475–1490. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

51 

Salminen A and Kaarniranta K: Insulin/IGF-1 paradox of aging: Regulation via AKT/IKK/NF-kappaB signaling. Cell Signal. 22:573–577. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Dubrovska A, Kim S, Salamone RJ, et al: The role of PTEN/Akt/PI3K signaling in the maintenance and viability of prostate cancer stem-like cell populations. In: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 106. pp. 268–273. 2009; View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Kim HJ, Hawke N and Baldwin AS: NF-kappaB and IKK as therapeutic targets in cancer. Cell Death Differ. 13:738–747. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Lee CH, Jeon YT, Kim SH and Song YS: NF-kappaB as a potential molecular target for cancer therapy. Biofactors. 29:19–35. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Breccia M and Alimena G: NF-κB as a potential therapeutic target in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 14:1157–1176. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Kamieńska E, Ociepa T, Wysocki M, et al: Activation of NF-κB in leukemic cells in response to initial prednisone therapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: Relation to other prognostic factors. Pol J Pathol. 62:5–11. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

57 

Lounnas N, Frelin C, Gonthier N, et al: NF-kappaB inhibition triggers death of imatinib-sensitive and imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells including T315I Bcr-Abl mutants. Int J Cancer. 125:308–317. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Huang X, Li D, Li T, Zhao B and Chen X: Prognostic value of the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog and CD44 in elderly patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Oncol Lett 10: 103-110, 2015.
APA
Huang, X., Li, D., Li, T., Zhao, B., & Chen, X. (2015). Prognostic value of the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog and CD44 in elderly patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Oncology Letters, 10, 103-110. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.3189
MLA
Huang, X., Li, D., Li, T., Zhao, B., Chen, X."Prognostic value of the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog and CD44 in elderly patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia". Oncology Letters 10.1 (2015): 103-110.
Chicago
Huang, X., Li, D., Li, T., Zhao, B., Chen, X."Prognostic value of the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog and CD44 in elderly patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia". Oncology Letters 10, no. 1 (2015): 103-110. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.3189
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Huang X, Li D, Li T, Zhao B and Chen X: Prognostic value of the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog and CD44 in elderly patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Oncol Lett 10: 103-110, 2015.
APA
Huang, X., Li, D., Li, T., Zhao, B., & Chen, X. (2015). Prognostic value of the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog and CD44 in elderly patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Oncology Letters, 10, 103-110. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.3189
MLA
Huang, X., Li, D., Li, T., Zhao, B., Chen, X."Prognostic value of the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog and CD44 in elderly patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia". Oncology Letters 10.1 (2015): 103-110.
Chicago
Huang, X., Li, D., Li, T., Zhao, B., Chen, X."Prognostic value of the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog and CD44 in elderly patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia". Oncology Letters 10, no. 1 (2015): 103-110. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.3189
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team