Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
September-2015 Volume 10 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2015 Volume 10 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

A potential oral anticancer drug candidate, Moringa oleifera leaf extract, induces the apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

  • Authors:
    • Il Lae Jung
    • Ju Hye Lee
    • Se Chan Kang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 1597-1604
    |
    Published online on: July 10, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.3482
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

It has previously been reported that cold water-extracts of Moringa oleifera leaf have anticancer activity against various human cancer cell lines, including non‑small cell lung cancer. In the present study, the anticancer activity of M. oleifera leaf extracts was investigated in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. By the analysis of apoptotic signals, including the induction of caspase or poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase cleavage, and the Annexin V and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‑mediated dUTP nick end labeling assays, it was demonstrated that M. oleifera leaf extracts induce the apoptosis of HepG2 cells. In the hollow fiber assay, oral administration of the leaf extracts significantly reduced (44‑52%) the proliferation of the HepG2 cells and A549 non‑small cell lung cancer cells. These results support the potential of soluble extracts of M. oleifera leaf as orally administered therapeutics for the treatment of human liver and lung cancers.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Khalafalla MM, Abdellatef E, Dafalla HM, et al: Active principle from Moringa oleifera lam leaves effective against two leukemias and a hepatocarcinoma. Afr J Biotechnol. 9:8467–8471. 2010.

2 

Iqbal S and Bhanger MI: Effect of season and production location on antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera leaves grown in Pakistan. J Food Compos Anal. 19:544–555. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Wood M: The book of herbal wisdom: Using plants as medicine. 1st. North Atlantic Books; Berkeley, CA, USA: pp. 3741997

4 

Oliveira JTA, Silveira SB, Vasconcelos KM, Cavada BS and Moreira RA: Compositional and nutritional attributes of seeds from the multiple purpose tree Moringa oleifera Lamarck. J Sci Food Agric. 79:815–820. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Fahey JW: Moringa oleifera: a review of the medical evidence for its nutritional, therapeutic, and prophylactic properties. Part 1. Trees for Life Journal. 1:52005.

6 

Fuglie LJ: The Miracle Tree: Moringa oleifera: Natural Nutrition for the Tropics. Church World Service, Dakar. Revised in 2001 and published as The Miracle Tree: The multiple attributes of Moringa. 68–172. 1999.

7 

Mukunzi D, Nsor-Atindana J, Xiaoming Z, Gahungu A, Karangwa E and Mukamurezi G: Comparison of volatile profile of Moringa oleifera leaves from Rwanda and China using HS-SPME. Pak J Nutrit. 10:602–608. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Faizi S, Siddiqui BS, Saleem R, Siddiqui S, Aftab K and Gilani AH: Fully acetylated carbamate and hypotensive thiocarbamate glycosides from Moringa oleifera. Phytochemistry. 38:957–963. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Kooltheat N, Sranujit RP, Chumark P, Potup P, Laytragoon-Lewin N and Usuwanthim K: An ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera Lam. Inhibits human macrophage cytokine production induced by cigarette smoke. Nutrients. 6:697–710. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Mahmood KT, Mugal T and Haq IU: Moringa oleifera: A natural gift-A review. J Pharm Sci Res. 2:775–781. 2010.

11 

Anwar F, Latif S, Ashraf M and Gilani AH: Moringa oleifera: a food plant with multiple medicinal uses. Phytother Res. 21:17–25. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Olusola ATE: The miracle tree: Moringa oleifera (drumstick)Archive Vibrant Health with Nature. (Keep Hope Alive Series). Unijos Consultancy Limited Press; Jos, Nigeria: pp. 120–136. 2006

13 

Ijarotimi OS, Adeoti OA and Ariyo O: Comparative study on nutrient composition, phytochemical, and functional characteristics of raw, germinated, and fermented Moringa oleifera seed flour. Food Sci Nutr. 1:452–463. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Moyo B, Oyedemi S, Masika PJ and Muchenje V: Polyphenolic content and antioxidant properties of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts and enzymatic activity of liver from goats supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaves/sunflower seed cake. Meat Sci. 91:441–447. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Busani M, Masika PJ, Hugo A, et al: Nutritional characterization of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves. Afr J Biotechnol. 10:12925–12933. 2011.

16 

Waldron KW, Parker ML and Smith AC: Plant cell wall and food quality. J Sci Food Technol. 2:109–110. 2003.

17 

Tetteh ONA: Effects of blanching and dehydration methods on the quality of Moringa leaf powder used as herbal green tea (unpublished Master's thesis)Kwame Nkrumah University; Ghana: 2008

18 

Fuglie LJ: Combating malnutrition with MoringaThe Miracle Tree: The Multiple Attributes of Moringa. Fuglie LJ: CTA Publication; Wageningen, The Netherlands: pp. 117–136. 2001

19 

Ayotunde EO, Fagbenro OA and Adebanyo OT: Toxicity of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera seed powder to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Int Res J Agric Sci. 1:142–150. 2011.

20 

Chumark P, Khunawat P, Sanvarinda Y, et al: The in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant properties, hypolipidaemic and antiatherosclerotic activities of water extract of Moringa oleifera Lam leaves. J Ethnopharmacol. 116:439–446. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Miyoshi N, Takabayashi S, Osawa T and Nakamura Y: Benzyl isothiocyanate inhibits excessive superoxide generation in inflammatory leukocytes: implication for prevention against inflammation-related carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis. 25:567–575. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Faizi S, Siddiqui BS, Saleem R, Siddiqui S, Aftab K and Gilani AH: Isolation and structure elucidation of new nitrile and mustard oil glycosides from Moringa oleifera and their effect on blood pressure. J Nat Prod. 57:1256–1261. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Waiyaput W, Payungporn S, Issara-Amphorn J and Panjaworayan N: Inhibitory effects of crude extracts from some edible Thai plants against replication of hepatitis B virus and human liver cancer cells. BMC Complement Altern Med. 12:246–252. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Lipipun V, Kurokawa M, Suttisri R, Taweechotipatr P, Pramyothin P, Hattori M and Shiraki K: Efficacy of Thai medicinal plant extracts against herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res. 60:175–180. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Murakami A, Kitazono Y, Jiwajinda S, Koshimizu K and Ohigashi H: Niaziminin, a thiocarbamate from the leaves of Moringa oleifera, holds a strict structural requirement for inhibition of tumor-promoter-induced Epstein-Barr virus activation. Planta Med. 64:319–323. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Sultana B, Anwar F and Ashraf M: Effect of extraction solvent/technique on the antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plant extracts. Molecules. 14:2167–2180. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Kumar V, Pandey N, Mohan V and Singh RP: Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of extract of Moringa oleifera leaves-An in vitro study. Int J Pharm Scis Rev Res. 12:89–94. 2012.

28 

Ashok Kumar N and Pari L: Antioxidant action of Moringa oleifera Lam. (drumstick) against antitubercular drugs induced lipid peroxidation in rats. J Med Food. 6:255–259. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Gupta S Kumar, Kumar B, Srinivasan BP, Nag TC, Srivastava S, Saxena R and Aggarwal A: Retinoprotective effects of Moringa oleifera via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic mechanisms in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 29:419–426. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Jung IL: Soluble extract from Moringa oleifera leaves with a new anticancer activity. PLoS One. 9:e954922014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Budda S, Butryee C, Tuntipopipat S, Rungsipipat A, Wangnaithum S, Lee JS and Kupradinun P: Suppressive effects of Moringa oleifera Lam pod against mouse colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 12:3221–3228. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Guevara AP, Vargas C, Sakurai H, et al: An antitumor promoter from Moringa oleifera Lam. Mutat Res. 440:181–188. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Dahiru D, Onubiyi JA and Umaru HA: Phytochemical screening and antiulcerogenic effect of Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract. African J Trad Complement Alternat Med. 3:70–75. 2006.

34 

Peschel W, Sánchez-Rabaneda F, Diekmann W, et al: An industrial approach in the search of natural antioxidants from vegetable and fruit wastes. Food Chem. 97:137–150. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Siddhuraju P and Becker K: Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts of total phenolic constituents from three different agroclimatic origins of drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves. J Agric Food Chem. 51:2144–2155. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Hansen MB, Nielsen SE and Berg K: Re-examination and further development of a precise and rapid dye method for measuring cell growth/cell kill. J Immunol Methods. 119:203–210. 1989. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Tani TH, Khodursky A, Blumenthal RM, Brown PO and Matthews RG: Adaptation to famine: a family of stationary-phase genes revealed by microarray analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 99:13471–13476. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Lotito SB and Fraga CG: Catechins delay lipid oxidation and alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene depletion following ascorbate depletion in human plasma. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 225:32–38. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Hollingshead MG, Alley MC, Camalier RF, Abbott BJ, Mayo JG, Malspeis L and Grever MR: In vivo cultivation of tumor cells in hollow fibers. Life Sci. 57:131–141. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Alley MC, Hollingshead MG, Dykes DJ and Waud WR: Human tumor xenograft models in NCI drug developmentCancer Drug Discovery and Development: Anticancer Drug Development Guide: Preclinical Screening, Clinical Trials, and Approval. 72nd. Teicher BA and Andrews PA: Humana Press Inc; Totowa, NJ, USA: pp. 125–152. 2004

41 

Plowman J, Dykes DJ, Hollingshead M, Simpson-Herren L and Alley MC: Human tumor xenograft models in NCI drug developmentAnticancer Drug Development Guide: Preclinical Screening, Clinical Trials, and Approval. Teicher B: Humana Press Inc; Totowa, NJ, USA: pp. 101–125. 1997, View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Mi Q, Pezzuto JM, Farnsworth NR, Wani MC, Kinghorn AD and Swanson SM: Use of the in vivo hollow fiber assay in natural products anticancer drug discovery. J Nat Prod. 72:573–580. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Sahoo S, Raghavendra KM and Biswas S: Identification of a proteinaceous component in the leaf of Moringa Oleifera lam. with effects on high serum creatinine. Indian J Pharm Sci. 76:78–81. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

44 

Parvathy M and Umamaheshwari A: Cytotoxic effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts on human multiple myeloma cell lines. Trends Med Res. 2:44–50. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Khalafalla MM, Abdellatef E, Dafalla HM, et al: Active principle from Moringa oleifera Lam leaves effective against two leukemias and a hepatocarcinoma. Afr J Biotechnol. 9:8467–8471. 2010.

46 

Das BR, Kurup PA and Narasimha Rao PL: Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. Naturwissenschaften. 41:661954. View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Kær A, Malver O, El-menshawi B and Reischt J: Isothiocyanates in myrosinase-treated seed extracts of Moringa peregrine. Phytochemistry. 18:1485–1487. 1979. View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Dayrit FM, Alcantar AD and Villasenor IM: Studies on Moringa oleifera seeds, Part I: The antibiotic compound and its deactivation in aqueous solution. Philipp J Sci. 119:23–32. 1990.

49 

Eilert U: Antibiotic principles of seeds of Moringa oleifera. Indian Med J. 38:1013–1016. 1978.

50 

Ghasi S, Nwobodo E and Ofili J: Hypocholesterolemic effects of crude extract of leaf of Moringa oleifera Lam. in high fat diet fed wistar rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 69:21–25. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Jaiswal D, Kumar Rai P, Kumar A, Mehta S and Watal G: Effect of Moringa oleifera lam. leaves aqueous extract therapy on hyperglycemic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 123:392–396. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Edoga C, Njoku O, Amadi E and Okeke J: Blood sugar lowering effect of Moringa oleifera lam in albino rats. Int J Sci Technol. 3:88–90. 2013.

53 

Muhammad AA, Pauzi NA, Arulselvan P, Abas F and Fakurazi S: In vitro wound healing potential and identification of bioactive compounds from Moringa oleifera Lam. Biomed Res Int. 2013:9745802013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Guevara AP, Vargas C, Sakurai H, et al: An antitumor promoter from Moringa oleifera Lam. Mutat Res. 440:181–188. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Murakami A, Kitazono Y, Jiwajinda S, Koshimizu K and Ohigashi H: Niaziminin, a thiocarbamate from the leaves of Moringa oleifera, holds a strict structural requirement for inhibition of tumor-promoter-induced Epstein-Barr virus activation. Planta Med. 64:319–323. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Mi Q, Pezzuto JM, Farnsworth NR, Wani MC, Kinghorn AD and Swanson SM: Use of the in vivo hollow fiber assay in natural products anticancer drug discovery. J Nat Prod. 72:573–580. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Russell WM: The development of the three Rs concept. Altern Lab Anim. 23:298–304. 1995.PubMed/NCBI

58 

Russell WM and Burch RL: The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. Methuen; London, England: 1959

59 

Suggitt M, Cooper PA, Shnyder SD and Bibby MC: The hollow fibre model - facilitating anti-cancer pre-clinical pharmacodynamics and improving animal welfare. Int J Oncol. 29:1493–1499. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

60 

Lipinski CA: Drug-like properties and the causes of poor solubility and poor permeability. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 44:235–249. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

Teicher BA and Andrews PA: Part I: In vitro methodsAnticancer Drug Development Guide: Preclinical Screening, Clinical Trials and Approval. 2nd. Humana Press; Totowa, NJ, USA: pp. 3–78. 2004

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Jung IL, Lee JH and Kang SC: A potential oral anticancer drug candidate, Moringa oleifera leaf extract, induces the apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 10: 1597-1604, 2015.
APA
Jung, I.L., Lee, J.H., & Kang, S.C. (2015). A potential oral anticancer drug candidate, Moringa oleifera leaf extract, induces the apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncology Letters, 10, 1597-1604. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.3482
MLA
Jung, I. L., Lee, J. H., Kang, S. C."A potential oral anticancer drug candidate, Moringa oleifera leaf extract, induces the apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells". Oncology Letters 10.3 (2015): 1597-1604.
Chicago
Jung, I. L., Lee, J. H., Kang, S. C."A potential oral anticancer drug candidate, Moringa oleifera leaf extract, induces the apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells". Oncology Letters 10, no. 3 (2015): 1597-1604. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.3482
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Jung IL, Lee JH and Kang SC: A potential oral anticancer drug candidate, Moringa oleifera leaf extract, induces the apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 10: 1597-1604, 2015.
APA
Jung, I.L., Lee, J.H., & Kang, S.C. (2015). A potential oral anticancer drug candidate, Moringa oleifera leaf extract, induces the apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncology Letters, 10, 1597-1604. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.3482
MLA
Jung, I. L., Lee, J. H., Kang, S. C."A potential oral anticancer drug candidate, Moringa oleifera leaf extract, induces the apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells". Oncology Letters 10.3 (2015): 1597-1604.
Chicago
Jung, I. L., Lee, J. H., Kang, S. C."A potential oral anticancer drug candidate, Moringa oleifera leaf extract, induces the apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells". Oncology Letters 10, no. 3 (2015): 1597-1604. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.3482
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team