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Article

Solanine‑induced reactive oxygen species inhibit the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells

  • Authors:
    • Xue‑Qin Meng
    • Wei Zhang
    • Feng Zhang
    • Sheng‑Yong Yin
    • Hai‑Yang Xie
    • Lin Zhou
    • Shu‑Sen Zheng
  • View Affiliations

    Affiliations: Key Lab of Combined Multi‑Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
  • Published online on: January 29, 2016     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4167
  • Pages: 2145-2151
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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of solanine on promoting human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the molecular mechanisms leading to tumor cell apoptosis. Solanine was administered to HepG2 cells in vitro. A selection of probes targeting various cellular localizations of ROS were used to detect ROS expression using flow cytometry. The expression levels of apoptosis‑associated proteins, including apoptosis signal‑regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and thioredoxin binding protein 2 (TBP‑2), and proliferation‑associated proteins, including histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), were detected using western blotting. The percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis was measured using an Annexin V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide assay, and cell morphology was examined using Wright's stain followed by inverted microscopy analysis. ROS detection probes 2',7'‑dichlorofluorescin diacetate and dihydrorhodamine 123 identified that abundant ROS, including hydroxyl radical (OH‑) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), were produced in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of the solanine‑treated HepG2 cells compared with the control cells (P<0.05). Superoxide anion specific probes dihydroethidium and MitoSOX™ demonstrated that there were no significant alterations in the HepG2 cells following solanine treatment compared with the control cells (P>0.05). Western blotting results revealed that solanine upregulated the expression levels of ASK1 and TBP‑2 and enhanced their kinase activities, whereas solanine decreased the expression level of the proliferation‑associated protein, HDAC1. The cell apoptotic rate was significantly increased (P<0.0001) in the solanine‑treated HepG2 cells compared with the control cells. (P<0.05). Overall, the study indicated that solanine induces HepG2 cells to produce ROS, mainly OH‑ and H2O2, in a mitochondria‑dependent and ‑independent manner. In addition, solanine stimulates the expression of ASK1 and TBP‑2, and their kinase activities, but inhibits the expression of proliferation‑associated proteins, such as HDAC1, thus contributing to HepG2 cell apoptosis.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Meng XQ, Zhang W, Zhang F, Yin SY, Xie HY, Zhou L and Zheng SS: Solanine‑induced reactive oxygen species inhibit the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Oncol Lett 11: 2145-2151, 2016.
APA
Meng, X., Zhang, W., Zhang, F., Yin, S., Xie, H., Zhou, L., & Zheng, S. (2016). Solanine‑induced reactive oxygen species inhibit the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Oncology Letters, 11, 2145-2151. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4167
MLA
Meng, X., Zhang, W., Zhang, F., Yin, S., Xie, H., Zhou, L., Zheng, S."Solanine‑induced reactive oxygen species inhibit the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells". Oncology Letters 11.3 (2016): 2145-2151.
Chicago
Meng, X., Zhang, W., Zhang, F., Yin, S., Xie, H., Zhou, L., Zheng, S."Solanine‑induced reactive oxygen species inhibit the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells". Oncology Letters 11, no. 3 (2016): 2145-2151. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4167
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Meng XQ, Zhang W, Zhang F, Yin SY, Xie HY, Zhou L and Zheng SS: Solanine‑induced reactive oxygen species inhibit the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Oncol Lett 11: 2145-2151, 2016.
APA
Meng, X., Zhang, W., Zhang, F., Yin, S., Xie, H., Zhou, L., & Zheng, S. (2016). Solanine‑induced reactive oxygen species inhibit the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Oncology Letters, 11, 2145-2151. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4167
MLA
Meng, X., Zhang, W., Zhang, F., Yin, S., Xie, H., Zhou, L., Zheng, S."Solanine‑induced reactive oxygen species inhibit the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells". Oncology Letters 11.3 (2016): 2145-2151.
Chicago
Meng, X., Zhang, W., Zhang, F., Yin, S., Xie, H., Zhou, L., Zheng, S."Solanine‑induced reactive oxygen species inhibit the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells". Oncology Letters 11, no. 3 (2016): 2145-2151. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4167
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