Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
August-2016 Volume 12 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2016 Volume 12 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Low-frequency ultrasound-mediated microvessel disruption combined with docetaxel to treat prostate carcinoma xenografts in nude mice: A novel type of chemoembolization

  • Authors:
    • Yu Yang
    • Wenkun Bai
    • Yini Chen
    • Shuliang Nan
    • Yanduan Lin
    • Tao Ying
    • Bing Hu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1011-1018
    |
    Published online on: June 13, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4703
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether low‑frequency ultrasound (US)-mediated microvessel disruption combined with docetaxel (DTX) can be used as a novel type of chemoembolization. Mice were assigned to four groups: i) The USMB group, treated with low‑frequency US combined with microbubbles (USMB); ii) the DTX group, treated with DTX; iii) the USMB + DTX group, treated with combined therapy; and iv) the control group, which was untreated. Immediately after the first treatment, the average peak intensity (API) on contrast‑enhanced US was calculated, and tumors were excised for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. At 2 weeks post‑treatment, the tumor volumes and wet weights were calculated, and tumors were excised for immunohistochemistry to calculate apoptotic index (AI), proliferative index (PI) and microvessel density (MVD) values. Immediately after the first treatment, in the DTX and control groups, the tumors demonstrated abundant perfusion enhancement, while in the USMB + DTX and USMB groups, blood perfusion of the tumors was interrupted. Compared with that of the control group, the API was significantly lower in the USMB + DTX USMB groups (all P<0.001). HE staining showed that tumor microvasculature was disrupted into flaky hematomas and severely dilated microvessels in the USMB + DTX and USMB groups. In the DTX and control groups, there was no distinct evidence of the disruption and dilation of blood microvessels. At the end of the treatment, the mean tumor inhibition ratio was 73.33, 46.67 and 33.33% for the USMB + DTX, DTX and USMB groups, respectively. The USMB + DTX group had the highest AI, and the lowest PI and MVD compared with the other groups, although the difference between the USMB + DTX and DTX groups with regard to PI and MVD was not significant (USMB + DTX vs. DTX group, P=0.345 and P=0.059, respectively). In conclusion, as a novel type of chemoembolization, USMB combined with DTX is more effective than USMB or DTX alone in inhibiting tumor growth via the enhancement of apoptosis, and the suppression of proliferation and angiogenesis.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Siegel R, Ma J, Zou Z and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2014. CA Cancer J Clin. 64:9–29. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Goldberg AA, Titorenko VI, Beach A and Sanderson JT: Bile acids induce apoptosis selectively in androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer cells. PeerJ. 1:e1222013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Wang Y, Bai WK, Shen E and Hu B: Sonoporation by low-frequency and low-power ultrasound enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy in prostate cancer cells. Oncol Lett. 6:495–498. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Bahl A, Masson S, Birtle A, Chowdhury S and de Bono J: Second-line treatment options in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A comparison of key trials with recently approved agents. Cancer Treat Rev. 40:170–177. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Ganju A, Yallapu MM, Khan S, Behrman SW, Chauhan SC and Jaggi M: Nanoways to overcome docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer. Drug Resist Updat. 17:13–23. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Pienta KJ and Smith DC: Advances in prostate cancer chemotherapy: A new era begins. CA Cancer J Clin. 55:300–318; quiz 323–325. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Sweeney CJ, Miller KD, Sissons SE, Nozaki S, Heilman DK, Shen J and Sledge GW Jr: The antiangiogenic property of docetaxel is synergistic with a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor or 2-methoxyestradiol but antagonized by endothelial growth factors. Cancer Res. 61:3369–3372. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Wang Y, Hu B, Diao X and Zhang J: Antitumor effect of microbubbles enhanced by low frequency ultrasound cavitation on prostate carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Exper Ther Med. 3:187–191. 2012.

9 

Levenback BJ, Sehgal CM and Wood AK: Modeling of thermal effects in antivascular ultrasound therapy. J Acoust Soc Am. 131:540–549. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Hwang JH, Brayman AA, Reidy MA, Matula TJ, Kimmey MB and Crum LA: Vascular effects induced by combined 1-MHz ultrasound and microbubble contrast agent treatments in vivo. Ultrasound Med Biol. 31:553–564. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Wood AK, Bunte RM, Price HE, Deitz MS, Tsai JH, Lee WM and Sehgal CM: The disruption of murine tumor neovasculature by low-intensity ultrasound-comparison between 1- and 3-MHz sonication frequencies. Acad Radiol. 15:1133–1141. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Liu Z, Gao S, Zhao Y, Li P, Liu J, Li P, Tan K and Xie F: Disruption of tumor neovasculature by microbubble enhanced ultrasound: A potential new physical therapy of anti-angiogenesis. Ultrasound Med Biol. 38:253–261. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Goertz DE, Todorova M, Mortazavi O, Agache V, Chen B, Karshafian R and Hynynen K: Antitumor effects of combining docetaxel (taxotere) with the antivascular action of ultrasound stimulated microbubbles. PloS One. 7:e523072012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Yang Y, Bai W, Chen Y, Lin Y and Hu B: Optimization of low-frequency low-intensity ultrasound-mediated microvessel disruption on prostate cancer xenografts in nude mice using an orthogonal experimental design. Oncol Lett. 10:2999–3007. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

15 

Coralic V and Colonius T: Shock-induced collapse of a bubble inside a deformable vessel. Eur J Mech B Fluids. 40:64–74. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Gao F, Hu Y and Hu H: Asymmetrical oscillation of a bubble confined inside a micro pseudoelastic blood vessel and the corresponding vessel wall stresses. Int J Solids Struct. 44:7197–7212. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Gao F, Xiong C and Xiong Y: Constrained oscillation of a bubble subjected to shock wave in microvessel. Prog Nat Sci. 19:1109–1117. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Liu J, Xiao S, Wu S, Ou W, He J, Gao S and Liu Z: Disruption of splenic circulation using microbubble-enhanced ultrasound and prothrombin: A preliminary study. Ultrasound Med Biol. 38:1930–1937. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Moonen C and Lentacker I: Ultrasound assisted drug delivery. Preface. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 72:1–2. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Sorace AG, Warram JM, Umphrey H and Hoyt K: Microbubble-mediated ultrasonic techniques for improved chemotherapeutic delivery in cancer. J Drug Target. 20:43–54. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Nabili M, Shenoy A, Chawla S, Mahesh S, Liu J, Geist C and Zderic V: Ultrasound-enhanced ocular delivery of dexamethasone sodium phosphate: An in vivo study. J Ther Ultrasound. 2:62014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Liu HL, Fan CH, Ting CY and Yeh CK: Combining microbubbles and ultrasound for drug delivery to brain tumors: Current progress and overview. Theranostics. 4:432–444. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Kooiman K, Vos HJ, Versluis M and de Jong N: Acoustic behavior of microbubbles and implications for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 72:28–48. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Chen H, Brayman AA, Bailey MR and Matula TJ: Blood vessel rupture by cavitation. Urol Res. 38:321–326. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Chen H, Kreider W, Brayman AA, Bailey MR and Matula TJ: Blood vessel deformations on microsecond time scales by ultrasonic cavitation. Phys Rev Lett. 106:0343012011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Chen H, Brayman AA, Kreider W, Bailey MR and Matula TJ: Observations of translation and jetting of ultrasound-activated microbubbles in mesenteric microvessels. Ultrasound Med Biol. 37:2139–2148. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Dayton PA, Zhao S, Bloch SH, Schumann P, Penrose K, Matsunaga TO, Zutshi R, Doinikov A and Ferrara KW: Application of ultrasound to selectively localize nanodroplets for targeted imaging and therapy. Mol Imaging. 5:160–174. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Tzu-Yin W, Wilson KE, Machtaler S and Willmann JK: Ultrasound and microbubble guided drug delivery: Mechanistic understanding and clinical implications. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 14:743–752. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

29 

Karshafian R, Bevan PD, Williams R, Samac S and Burns PN: Sonoporation by ultrasound-activated microbubble contrast agents: Effect of acoustic exposure parameters on cell membrane permeability and cell viability. Ultrasound Med Biol. 35:847–860. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Jin LF, Li F, Wang HP, Wei F, Qin P and Du LF: Ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction stimulates cellular endocytosis in facilitation of adeno-associated virus delivery. Int J Mol Sci. 14:9737–9750. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Sheikov N, McDannold N, Sharma S and Hynynen K: Effect of focused ultrasound applied with an ultrasound contrast agent on the tight junctional integrity of the brain microvascular endothelium. Ultrasound Med Biol. 34:1093–1104. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Liu Y, Yi S, Zhang J, Fang Z, Zhou F, Jia W, Liu Z and Ye G: Effect of microbubble-enhanced ultrasound on prostate permeability: A potential therapeutic method for prostate disease. Urology. 81:921.e1–921.e7. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Eggen S, Fagerland SM, Mørch Ý, Hansen R, Søvik K, Berg S, Furu H, Bøhn AD, Lilledahl MB, Angelsen A, et al: Ultrasound-enhanced drug delivery in prostate cancer xenografts by nanoparticles stabilizing microbubbles. J Control Release. 187:39–49. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Shen ZY, Shen E, Diao XH, Bai WK, Zeng MX, Luan YY, Nan SL, Lin YD, Wei C, Chen L, et al: Inhibitory effects of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice mediated by low-frequency ultrasound and microbubbles. Oncol Lett. 7:1385–1390. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

35 

Tomizawa M, Shinozaki F, Motoyoshi Y, Sugiyama T, Yamamoto S and Sueishi M: Sonoporation: Gene transfer using ultrasound. World J Methodol. 3:39–44. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Karshafian R, Samac S, Bevan PD and Burns PN: Microbubble mediated sonoporation of cells in suspension: Clonogenic viability and influence of molecular size on uptake. Ultrasonics. 50:691–697. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Yoon YI, Kwon YS, Cho HS, Heo SH, Park KS, Park SG, Lee SH, Hwang SI, Kim YI, Jae HJ, et al: Ultrasound-mediated gene and drug delivery using a microbubble-liposome particle system. Theranostics. 4:1133–1144. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Zhang B, Zhou H, Cheng Q, Lei L and Hu B: Low-frequency low energy ultrasound combined with microbubbles induces distinct apoptosis of A7r5 cells. Mol Med Rep. 10:3282–3288. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yang Y, Bai W, Chen Y, Nan S, Lin Y, Ying T and Hu B: Low-frequency ultrasound-mediated microvessel disruption combined with docetaxel to treat prostate carcinoma xenografts in nude mice: A novel type of chemoembolization. Oncol Lett 12: 1011-1018, 2016.
APA
Yang, Y., Bai, W., Chen, Y., Nan, S., Lin, Y., Ying, T., & Hu, B. (2016). Low-frequency ultrasound-mediated microvessel disruption combined with docetaxel to treat prostate carcinoma xenografts in nude mice: A novel type of chemoembolization. Oncology Letters, 12, 1011-1018. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4703
MLA
Yang, Y., Bai, W., Chen, Y., Nan, S., Lin, Y., Ying, T., Hu, B."Low-frequency ultrasound-mediated microvessel disruption combined with docetaxel to treat prostate carcinoma xenografts in nude mice: A novel type of chemoembolization". Oncology Letters 12.2 (2016): 1011-1018.
Chicago
Yang, Y., Bai, W., Chen, Y., Nan, S., Lin, Y., Ying, T., Hu, B."Low-frequency ultrasound-mediated microvessel disruption combined with docetaxel to treat prostate carcinoma xenografts in nude mice: A novel type of chemoembolization". Oncology Letters 12, no. 2 (2016): 1011-1018. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4703
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yang Y, Bai W, Chen Y, Nan S, Lin Y, Ying T and Hu B: Low-frequency ultrasound-mediated microvessel disruption combined with docetaxel to treat prostate carcinoma xenografts in nude mice: A novel type of chemoembolization. Oncol Lett 12: 1011-1018, 2016.
APA
Yang, Y., Bai, W., Chen, Y., Nan, S., Lin, Y., Ying, T., & Hu, B. (2016). Low-frequency ultrasound-mediated microvessel disruption combined with docetaxel to treat prostate carcinoma xenografts in nude mice: A novel type of chemoembolization. Oncology Letters, 12, 1011-1018. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4703
MLA
Yang, Y., Bai, W., Chen, Y., Nan, S., Lin, Y., Ying, T., Hu, B."Low-frequency ultrasound-mediated microvessel disruption combined with docetaxel to treat prostate carcinoma xenografts in nude mice: A novel type of chemoembolization". Oncology Letters 12.2 (2016): 1011-1018.
Chicago
Yang, Y., Bai, W., Chen, Y., Nan, S., Lin, Y., Ying, T., Hu, B."Low-frequency ultrasound-mediated microvessel disruption combined with docetaxel to treat prostate carcinoma xenografts in nude mice: A novel type of chemoembolization". Oncology Letters 12, no. 2 (2016): 1011-1018. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4703
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team