Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
November-2016 Volume 12 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2016 Volume 12 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors

  • Authors:
    • Hong Shen
    • Zhuo Yu
    • Jing Zhao
    • Xiu‑Zhen Li
    • Wen‑Sheng Pan
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
  • Pages: 3385-3392
    |
    Published online on: August 29, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5062
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The aim of the present retrospective analysis on the macroscopic appearance and pathological characteristics of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) was to investigate methods for their early diagnosis and treatment. A total of 78 patients were divided into submucosal NET and deeper invasion NET groups, according to the depth of tumor invasion exhibited by the patients. The clinicopathological characteristics and survival time of the NET patients were analyzed and compared. The pathological characteristics of the submucosal NETs group were investigated according to the diameter of the tumor (≤5.0 mm, 5.1‑10.0 mm or >10.0 mm). The depth of invasion at diagnosis was observed to significantly correlate with histopathological classification, diameter of the tumor, macroscopic appearance, growth pattern, lymphatic‑vascular involvement, lymph node (LN) metastasis and distant metastasis. In the submucosal NETs group, high‑grade tumors with lymphatic or venule invasion and distant metastasis were associated with an increased risk of nodal metastases. In patients with minute tumors (≤5.0 mm), no lymphatic‑vascular involvement, LN or distant metastasis was observed. By contrast, patients with tumors measuring 5.1‑10.0 mm in diameter exhibited high lymphatic-vascular involvement and LN metastasis rates (46.2 and 30.8%, respectively). Survival time was significantly longer in patients with submucosal NETs compared with deeper invasion NETs and in patients with NET G1 and NET G2 compared with NEC. The results of the present study indicate that gastrointestinal submucosal NETs are closely associated with a slightly elevated macroscopic type, low‑grade tumors and a small diameter. These features may contribute to early diagnosis of gastrointestinal NETs. Therefore, a tumor diameter of <5.0 mm, with slightly elevated macroscopic appearance may indicate an absolute requirement for endoscopic resection, while tumors measuring 5.1‑10.0 mm in diameter must be considered carefully.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

View References

1 

Modlin IM, Lye KD and Kidd M: A 5-decade analysis of 13,715 carcinoid tumors. Cancer. 97:934–959. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Pape UF, Berndt U, Müller-Nordhorn J, Böhmig M, Roll S, Koch M, Willich SN and Wiedenmann B: Prognostic factors of long-term outcome in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Endocr Relat Cancer. 15:1083–1097. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Hauso O, Gustafsson BI, Kidd M, Waldum HL, Drozdov I, Chan AK and Modlin IM: Neuroendocrine tumor epidemiology: Contrasting Norway and North America. Cancer. 113:2655–2664. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Yao JC, Hassan M, Phan A, Dagohoy C, Leary C, Mares JE, Abdalla EK, Fleming JB, Vauthey JN, Rashid A and Evans DB: One hundred years after ‘carcinoid’: Epidemiology of and prognostic factors for neuroendocrine tumors in 35,825 cases in the United States. J Clin Oncol. 26:3063–3072. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Berge T and Linell F: Carcinoid tumours. Frequency in a defined population during a 12-year period. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A. 84:322–330. 1976.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Oberg K and Eriksson B: Endocrine tumours of the pancreas. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 19:753–781. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Modlin IM, Oberg K, Chung DC, Jensen RT, de Herder WW, Thakker RV, Caplin M, Fave G Delle, Kaltsas GA, Krenning EP, et al: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Lancet Oncol. 9:61–72. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Scherübl H, Cadiot G, Jensen RT, Rösch T, Stölzel U and Klöppel G: Neuroendocrine tumors of the stomach (gastric carcinoids) are on the rise: Small tumors, small problems? Endoscopy. 42:664–671. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Scherübl H: Rectal carcinoids are on the rise: Early detection by screening endoscopy. Endoscopy. 41:162–165. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Scherübl H, Jensen RT, Cadiot G, Stölzel U and Klöppel G: Neuroendocrine tumors of the small bowels are on the rise: Early aspects and management. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2:325–334. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Strosberg J, Gardner N and Kvols L: Survival and prognostic factor analysis of 146 metastatic neuroendocrine tumors of the mid-gut. Neuroendocrinology. 89:471–476. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Zar N, Garmo H, Holmberg L, Rastad J and Hellman P: Long-term survival of patients with small intestinal carcinoid tumors. World J Surg. 28:1163–1168. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Scherübl H, Jensen RT, Cadiot G, Stölzel U and Klöppel G: Management of early gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 3:133–139. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Kulke MH, Benson AB III, Bergsland E, Berlin JD, Blaszkowsky LS, Choti MA, Clark OH, Doherty GM, Eason J, Emerson L, et al: Neuroendocrine tumors. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 10:724–764. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

15 

Zhou FR, Huang LY and Wu CR: Endoscopic mucosal resection for rectal carcinoids under micro-probe ultrasound guidance. World J Gastroenterol. 19:2555–2559. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Yamaguchi N, Isomoto H, Nishiyama H, Fukuda E, Ishii H, Nakamura T, Ohnita K, Hayashi T, Kohno S, Nakao K and Shikuwa S: Endoscopic submucosal dissection for rectal carcinoid tumors. Surg Endosc. 24:504–508. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Participants in the Paris Workshop, . The Paris endoscopic classification of superficial neoplastic lesions: Esophagus, stomach, and colon: November 30 to December 1, 2002. Gastrointest Endosc. 58(Suppl 6): S3–S43. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Endoscopic Classification Review Group, . Update on the Paris classification of superficial neoplastic lesions in the digestive tract. Endoscopy. 37:570–578. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Borrmann R: Tumors of the stomach and duodenumHandbook of Special Pathological Anatomy and Histology: Digestive Tract. Borchardt H, Borrmann R, Christeller E, Dietrich A, Fischer W, Von Gierke E, Hauser G, Kaiserling C, Koch M, Koch W, et al: 4. 1st. Springer Vienna; Berlin: pp. 8651926, (In German).

20 

Bosman FT, Carneiro F, Hruban RH and Theise ND: WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System. 3. 4th. IARC Press; Lyon: 2010

21 

Pape UF, Jann H, Müller-Nordhorn J, Bockelbrink A, Berndt U, Willich SN, Koch M, Röcken C, Rindi G and Wiedenmann B: Prognostic relevance of a novel TNM classification system for upper gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer. 113:256–265. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Garcia-Carbonero R, Capdevila J, Crespo-Herrero G, Díaz-Pérez JA, Martínez Del Prado MP, Orduña V Alonso, Sevilla-García I, Villabona-Artero C, Beguiristain-Gómez A, Llanos-Muñoz M, et al: Incidence, patterns of care and prognostic factors for outcome of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs): Results from the National Cancer Registry of Spain (RGETNE). Ann Oncol. 21:1794–1803. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Cho MY, Sohn JH, Jin SY, Kim H, Jung ES, Kim MJ, Kim KM, Kim WH, Kim JM, Kang YK, et al: Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of Korean Society of Pathologists: Proposal for a standardized pathology report of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Prognostic significance of pathological parameters. Korean J Pathol. 47:227–237. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Yoshino T, Shimoda T, Saito A, Nakanishi Y, Yusuke T, Shirasu T and Miura S: Macroscopic features and its clinical treatment of stomach type differentiated adenocarcinoma in early gastric cancer. Stomach and Intestines. 34:513–525. 1999.(In Japanese).

25 

Japanese Gastric Cancer Association, . Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines 2010 (ver. 3). Gastric cancer. 14:113–123. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Thomas RM, Baybick JH, Elsayed AM and Sobin LH: Gastric carcinoids. An immunohistochemical and clinicopathologic study of 104 patients. Cancer. 73:2053–2058. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Soga J: Early-stage carcinoids of the gastrointestinal tract: An analysis of 1,914 reported cases. Cancer. 103:1587–1595. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Ramage JK, Ahmed A, Ardill J, Bax N, Breen DJ, Caplin ME, Corrie P, Davar J, Davies AH, Lewington V, et al: Guidelines for the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine (including carcinoid) tumours (NETs). Gut. 61:6–32. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Basuroy R, Srirajaskanthan R, Prachalias A, Quaglia A and Ramage JK: Review article: The investigation and management of gastric neuroendocrine tumours. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 39:1071–1084. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Heo J, Jeon SW, Jung MK, Kim SK, Shin GY, Park SM, Ahn SY, Yoon WK, Kim M and Kwon YH: A tailored approach for endoscopic treatment of small rectal neuroendocrine tumor. Surg Endosc. 28:2931–2938. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Kwon YH, Jeon SW, Kim GH, Kim JI, Chung IK, Jee SR, Kim HU, Seo GS, Baik GH, Choi KD and Moon JS: Long-term follow up of endoscopic resection for type 3 gastric NET. World J Gastroenterol. 19:8703–8708. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Sano T, Sasako M, Kinoshita T and Maruyama K: Recurrence of early gastric cancer. Follow-up of 1475 patients and review of the Japanese literature. Cancer. 72:3174–3178. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Sung HY, Kim SW, Kang WK, Kim SY, Jung CK, Cho YK, Park JM, Lee IS, Choi MG and Chung IS: Long-term prognosis of an endoscopically treated rectal neuroendocrine tumor: 10-year experience in a single institution. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 24:978–983. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Yokoyama S, Takifuji K, Tani M, Kawai M, Naka T, Uchiyama K and Yamaue H: Endoscopic resection of duodenal bulb neuroendocrine tumor larger than 10 mm in diameter. BMC Gastroenterol. 11:672011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Baek IH: Endoscopic submucosal dissection or conventional endoscopic mucosal resection is an effective and safe treatment for rectal carcinoid tumors: A retrospective study. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 20:329–331. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Shen H, Yu Z, Zhao J, Li XZ and Pan WS: Early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. Oncol Lett 12: 3385-3392, 2016.
APA
Shen, H., Yu, Z., Zhao, J., Li, X., & Pan, W. (2016). Early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. Oncology Letters, 12, 3385-3392. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5062
MLA
Shen, H., Yu, Z., Zhao, J., Li, X., Pan, W."Early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors". Oncology Letters 12.5 (2016): 3385-3392.
Chicago
Shen, H., Yu, Z., Zhao, J., Li, X., Pan, W."Early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors". Oncology Letters 12, no. 5 (2016): 3385-3392. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5062
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Shen H, Yu Z, Zhao J, Li XZ and Pan WS: Early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. Oncol Lett 12: 3385-3392, 2016.
APA
Shen, H., Yu, Z., Zhao, J., Li, X., & Pan, W. (2016). Early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. Oncology Letters, 12, 3385-3392. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5062
MLA
Shen, H., Yu, Z., Zhao, J., Li, X., Pan, W."Early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors". Oncology Letters 12.5 (2016): 3385-3392.
Chicago
Shen, H., Yu, Z., Zhao, J., Li, X., Pan, W."Early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors". Oncology Letters 12, no. 5 (2016): 3385-3392. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5062
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team