Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
November-2016 Volume 12 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2016 Volume 12 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Overexpression of microRNA‑24 increases the sensitivity to paclitaxel in drug‑resistant breast carcinoma cell lines via targeting ABCB9

  • Authors:
    • Jian‑Ping Gong
    • Liu Yang
    • Jun‑Wei Tang
    • Peng Sun
    • Qing Hu
    • Jian‑Wei Qin
    • Xiao‑Ming Xu
    • Bei‑Cheng Sun
    • Jin‑Hai Tang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of General Surgery and Breast Cancer Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China, Liver Transplantation Center of The First Affiliated Hospital and Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Gong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 3905-3911
    |
    Published online on: September 15, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5139
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Paclitaxel has been widely used in the treatment of breast cancer. However, the development of drug resistance often increases the failure of chemotherapy. Growing evidence has reported the significant role of microRNAs (miRs) in drug resistance. The present study identified that miR‑24 was significantly downregulated in paclitaxel‑resistant (PR) breast cancer patients and in MCF‑7/PR human breast carcinoma cells, and that overexpression of miR‑24 could increase the effect of paclitaxel on drug‑resistant breast carcinoma cells. Furthermore, miR‑24 could directly bind to the 3'‑untranslated region of ATP binding cassette B9 to downregulate its expression, thereby reducing drug transportation and improving the anti‑tumor effect of paclitaxel on breast cancer cells. In vivo experiments also demonstrated that overexpression of miR‑24 could increase the sensitivity of drug‑resistant MCF‑7 cells to paclitaxel. In conclusion, the present results suggested a novel function for miR‑24 in reducing paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer, which may be of important clinical significance.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Bottos A and Hynes NE: Cancer: Staying together on the road to metastasis. Nature. 514:309–310. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Xuan Q, Ji H, Tao X, Xu Y and Zhang Q: Quantitative assessment of HER2 amplification in HER2-positive breast cancer: Its association with clinical outcomes. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 150:581–588. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Wang Y, Zhang Y, Pan C, Ma F and Zhang S: Prediction of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients based on microRNA-21 expression: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 10:e01186472015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Grobosch T, Schwarze B, Stoecklein D and Binscheck T: Fatal poisoning with Taxus baccata: Quantification of paclitaxel (taxol A), 10-deacetyltaxol, baccatin III, 10-deacetylbaccatin III, cephalomannine (taxol B), and 3,5-dimethoxyphenol in body fluids by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol. 36:36–43. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Johnson MT, Reichley R, Hoppe-Bauer J, Dunne WM, Micek S and Kollef M: Impact of previous antibiotic therapy on outcome of Gram-negative severe sepsis. Crit Care Med. 39:1859–1865. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Ganoth A, Merimi KC and Peer D: Overcoming multidrug resistance with nanomedicines. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 12:223–238. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Ohashi-Kobayashi A, Ohashi K, Du WB, Omote H, Nakamoto R, Al-Shawi M and Maeda M: Examination of drug resistance activity of human TAP-like (ABCB9) expressed in yeast. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 343:597–601. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Kaur P, Garg T, Rath G, Murthy RS and Goyal AK: Development, optimization and evaluation of surfactant-based pulmonary nanolipid carrier system of paclitaxel for the management of drug resistance lung cancer using Box-Behnken design. Drug Deliv. 23:1912–1925. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

9 

Zhu Z, Mu Y, Qi C, Wang J, Xi G, Guo J, Mi R and Zhao F: CYP1B1 enhances the resistance of epithelial ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel in vivo and in vitro. Int J Mol Med. 35:340–348. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

10 

Verma K and Ramanathan K: Investigation of paclitaxel resistant R306C mutation in β-tubulin-a computational approach. J Cell Biochem. 116:1318–1324. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Png KJ, Halberg N, Yoshida M and Tavazoie SF: A microRNA regulon that mediates endothelial recruitment and metastasis by cancer cells. Nature. 481:190–194. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Shibayama Y, Kondo T, Ohya H, Fujisawa SI, Teshima T and Iseki K: Upregulation of microRNA-126-5p is associated with drug resistance to cytarabine and poor prognosis in AML patients. Oncol Rep. 33:2176–2182. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Acunzo M, Romano G, Wernicke D and Croce CM: MicroRNA and cancer-a brief overview. Adv Biol Regul. 57:1–9. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Yu PN, Yan MD, Lai HC, Huang RL, Chou YC, Lin WC, Yeh LT and Lin YW: Downregulation of miR-29 contributes to cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells. Int J Cancer. 134:542–551. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Zhang Y, Duan G and Feng S: MicroRNA-301a modulates doxorubicin resistance in osteosarcoma cells by targeting AMP-activated protein kinase alpha 1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 459:367–373. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay D and Chakrabarti G: miR-17-5p downregulation contributes to paclitaxel resistance of lung cancer cells through altering beclin1 expression. PLoS One. 9:e957162014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Gao Y, Liu Y, Du L, Li J, Qu A, Zhang X, Wang L and Wang C: Downregulation of miR-24-3p in colorectal cancer is associated with malignant behavior. Med Oncol. 32:3622015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Guo C, Deng Y, Liu J and Qian L: Cardiomyocyte-specific role of miR-24 in promoting cell survival. J Cell Mol Med. 19:103–112. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Wang T, Sun P, Chen L, Huang Q, Chen K, Jia Q, Li Y and Wang H: Cinnamtannin D-1 protects pancreatic β-cells from palmitic acid-induced apoptosis by attenuating oxidative stress. J Agric Food Chem. 62:5038–5045. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Wu J, Sun P, Zhang X, Liu H, Jiang H, Zhu W and Wang H: Inhibition of GPR40 protects MIN6 β cells from palmitate- induced ER stress and apoptosis. J Cell Biochem. 113:1152–1158. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Wang XW, Xi XQ, Wu J, Wan YY, Hui HX and Cao XF: microRNA-206 attenuates tumor proliferation and migration involving the downregulation of NOTCH3 in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep. 33:1402–1410. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

22 

Huang J, Li H and Ren G: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and drug resistance in breast cancer (Review). Int J Oncol. 47:840–848. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Lin SC, Liu CJ, Lin JA, Chiang WF, Hung PS and Chang KW: miR-24 up-regulation in oral carcinoma: Positive association from clinical and in vitro analysis. Oral Oncol. 46:204–208. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Qin W, Shi Y, Zhao B, Yao C, Jin L, Ma J and Jin Y: miR-24 regulates apoptosis by targeting the open reading frame (ORF) region of FAF1 in cancer cells. PLoS One. 5:e94292010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Zhao G, Liu L, Zhao T, Jin S, Jiang S, Cao S, Han J, Xin Y, Dong Q, Liu X and Cui J: Upregulation of miR-24 promotes cell proliferation by targeting NAIF1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol. 36:3693–3701. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Liu YX, Long XD, Xi ZF, Ma Y, Huang XY, Yao JG, Wang C, Xing TY and Xia Q: MicroRNA-24 modulates aflatoxin B1-related hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis and tumorigenesis. Biomed Res Int. 2014:4829262014.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Duan Y, Hu L, Liu B, Yu B, Li J, Yan M, Yu Y, Li C, Su L, Zhu Z, et al: Tumor suppressor miR-24 restrains gastric cancer progression by downregulating RegIV. Mol Cancer. 13:1272014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Wu J, Zhang YC, Suo WH, Liu XB, Shen WW, Tian H and Fu GH: Induction of anion exchanger-1 translation and its opposite roles in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer cells and differentiation of K562 cells. Oncogene. 29:1987–1996. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Mishra PJ, Song B, Mishra PJ, Wang Y, Humeniuk R, Banerjee D, Merlino G, Ju J and Bertino JR: MiR-24 tumor suppressor activity is regulated independent of p53 and through a target site polymorphism. PLoS One. 4:e84452009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Sochor M, Basova P, Pesta M, Dusilkova N, Bartos J, Burda P, Pospisil V and Stopka T: Oncogenic microRNAs: miR-155, miR-19a, miR-181b and miR-24 enable monitoring of early breast cancer in serum. BMC Cancer. 14:4482014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Yin JY, Deng ZQ, Liu FQ, Qian J, Lin J, Tang Q, Wen XM, Zhou JD, Zhang YY and Zhu XW: Association between mir-24 and mir-378 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of breast cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 7:4261–4267. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Du WW, Fang L, Li M, Yang X, Liang Y, Peng C, Qian W, O'Malley YQ, Askeland RW, Sugg SL, et al: MicroRNA miR-24 enhances tumor invasion and metastasis by targeting PTPN9 and PTPRF to promote EGF signaling. J Cell Sci. 126:1440–1453. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Demirel O, Bangert I, Tampé R and Abele R: Tuning the cellular trafficking of the lysosomal peptide transporter TAPL by its N-terminal domain. Traffic. 11:383–393. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Hlavata I, Mohelnikova-Duchonova B, Vaclavikova R, Liska V, Pitule P, Novak P, Bruha J, Vycital O, Holubec L, Treska V, et al: The role of ABC transporters in progression and clinical outcome of colorectal cancer. Mutagenesis. 27:187–196. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Xu F, Wang F, Yang T, Sheng Y, Zhong T and Chen Y: Differential drug resistance acquisition to doxorubicin and paclitaxel in breast cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int. 14:5382014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Dong Z, Zhong Z, Yang L, Wang S and Gong Z: MicroRNA-31 inhibits cisplatin-induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells by regulating the drug transporter ABCB9. Cancer Lett. 343:249–257. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Gong JP, Yang L, Tang JW, Sun P, Hu Q, Qin JW, Xu XM, Sun BC and Tang JH: Overexpression of microRNA‑24 increases the sensitivity to paclitaxel in drug‑resistant breast carcinoma cell lines via targeting ABCB9. Oncol Lett 12: 3905-3911, 2016.
APA
Gong, J., Yang, L., Tang, J., Sun, P., Hu, Q., Qin, J. ... Tang, J. (2016). Overexpression of microRNA‑24 increases the sensitivity to paclitaxel in drug‑resistant breast carcinoma cell lines via targeting ABCB9. Oncology Letters, 12, 3905-3911. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5139
MLA
Gong, J., Yang, L., Tang, J., Sun, P., Hu, Q., Qin, J., Xu, X., Sun, B., Tang, J."Overexpression of microRNA‑24 increases the sensitivity to paclitaxel in drug‑resistant breast carcinoma cell lines via targeting ABCB9". Oncology Letters 12.5 (2016): 3905-3911.
Chicago
Gong, J., Yang, L., Tang, J., Sun, P., Hu, Q., Qin, J., Xu, X., Sun, B., Tang, J."Overexpression of microRNA‑24 increases the sensitivity to paclitaxel in drug‑resistant breast carcinoma cell lines via targeting ABCB9". Oncology Letters 12, no. 5 (2016): 3905-3911. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5139
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Gong JP, Yang L, Tang JW, Sun P, Hu Q, Qin JW, Xu XM, Sun BC and Tang JH: Overexpression of microRNA‑24 increases the sensitivity to paclitaxel in drug‑resistant breast carcinoma cell lines via targeting ABCB9. Oncol Lett 12: 3905-3911, 2016.
APA
Gong, J., Yang, L., Tang, J., Sun, P., Hu, Q., Qin, J. ... Tang, J. (2016). Overexpression of microRNA‑24 increases the sensitivity to paclitaxel in drug‑resistant breast carcinoma cell lines via targeting ABCB9. Oncology Letters, 12, 3905-3911. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5139
MLA
Gong, J., Yang, L., Tang, J., Sun, P., Hu, Q., Qin, J., Xu, X., Sun, B., Tang, J."Overexpression of microRNA‑24 increases the sensitivity to paclitaxel in drug‑resistant breast carcinoma cell lines via targeting ABCB9". Oncology Letters 12.5 (2016): 3905-3911.
Chicago
Gong, J., Yang, L., Tang, J., Sun, P., Hu, Q., Qin, J., Xu, X., Sun, B., Tang, J."Overexpression of microRNA‑24 increases the sensitivity to paclitaxel in drug‑resistant breast carcinoma cell lines via targeting ABCB9". Oncology Letters 12, no. 5 (2016): 3905-3911. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5139
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team