Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
February-2017 Volume 13 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February-2017 Volume 13 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Expression of Axl and its prognostic significance in human breast cancer

  • Authors:
    • Gaoyuan Jin
    • Zhenzhen Wang
    • Jianguang Wang
    • Like Zhang
    • Yanbin Chen
    • Pengfei Yuan
    • Dechun Liu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China, Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Jin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 621-628
    |
    Published online on: December 20, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5524
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common malignant cancer and second leading cause of cancer‑related death among women, and its prevalence continues to increase. Axl overexpression has been identified in the many types of human cancer, and it has been demonstrated to participate in signaling pathways related to carcinogenesis and cancer development. In the present study, Axl expression was examined by performing immunohistochemical staining in 60 breast cancer tumors and 40 benign breast lesions (25 mammary dysplasia and 15 breast fibroadenoma). In total, 34 (56.67%) cancer tissues and 13 (32.5%) benign breast lesions were classified as exhibiting high levels of Axl expression, indicating a significant association between malignancy and high Axl expression. High Axl expression was also associated with estrogen receptor (ER) positivity (P=0.028), progesterone receptor (PR) positivity (P=0.007), and poor tumor differentiation (P=0.033). No significant associations were observed between Axl expression and age, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, tumor node metastasis staging, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and Ki67 antigen. The Kaplan‑Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard model both demonstrated that there was no statistical difference between Axl expression and breast cancer prognosis. However, it remains unclear whether the expression of Axl is correlated with the prognosis of luminal type breast cancer patients.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

View References

1 

Al-Muhtaseb S: Serum and saliva protein levels in females with breast cancer. Oncol Lett. 8:2752–2756. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

2 

Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2016. CA Cancer J Clin. 66:7–30. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Chen W, Zheng R, Zhang S, Zhao P, Zeng H and Zou X: Report of cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2010. Ann Transl Med. 2:612014.PubMed/NCBI

4 

O'Bryan JP, Frye RA, Cogswell PC, Neubauer AA, Kitch B, Prokop C, Espinosa R III, Le Beau M, Earp HT and Liu ET: axl, a transforming gene isolated from primary human myeloid leukemia cells, encodes a novel receptor tyrosine kinase. Mol Cell Biol. 11:5016–5031. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Korshunov V: Axl-dependent signalling: A clinical update. Clin Sci (Lond). 122:361–368. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Li Y, Jia L, Ren D, Liu C, Gong Y, Wang N, Zhang X and Zhao Y: Axl mediates tumor invasion and chemosensitivity through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and is transcriptionally regulated by slug in breast carcinoma. IUBMB Life. 66:507–518. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Yanagita M, Arai H, Nakano T, Ohashi K, Mizuno K, Fukatsu A, Doi T and Kita T: Gas6 induces mesangial cell proliferation via latent transcription factor STAT3. J Biol Chem. 276:42364–42369. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Tai K, Shieh Y, Lee C, Shiah S and Wu C: Axl promotes cell invasion by inducing MMP-9 activity through activation of NF-kappaB and Brg-1. Oncogene. 27:4044–4055. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Lim J and Thiery J: Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions: Insights from development. Development. 139:3471–3486. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Wu CW, Li AF, Chi CW, Lai CH, Huang CL, Lo SS, Lui WY and Lin WC: Clinical significance of AXL kinase family in gastric cancer. Anticancer Res. 22:1071–1078. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Ishikawa M, Sonobe M, Nakayama E, Kobayashi M, Kikuchi R, Kitamura J, Imamura N and Date H: Higher expression of receptor tyrosine kinase Axl, and differential expression of its ligand, Gas6, predict poor survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 20:(Suppl 3). S467–S476. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Sayan A, Stanford R, Vickery R, Grigorenko E, Diesch J, Kulbicki K, Edwards R, Pal R, Greaves P, JarielEncontre I, et al: Fra-1 controls motility of bladder cancer cells via transcriptional upregulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL. Oncogene. 31:1493–1503. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Avilla E, Guarino V, Visciano C, Liotti F, Svelto M, Krishnamoorthy G, Franco R and Melillo R: Activation of TYRO3/AXL tyrosine kinase receptors in thyroid cancer. Cancer Res. 71:1792–1804. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Koorstra JB, Karikari CA, Feldmann G, Bisht S, Rojas PL, Offerhaus GJ, Alvarez H and Maitra A: The Axl receptor tyrosine kinase confers an adverse prognostic influence in pancreatic cancer and represents a new therapeutic target. Cancer Biol Ther. 8:618–626. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Craven RJ, Xu LH, Weiner TM, Fridell YW, Dent GA, Srivastava S, Varnum B, Liu ET and Cance WG: Receptor tyrosine kinases expressed in metastatic colon cancer. Int J Cancer. 60:791–797. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Wu W, Bi C, Credille KM, Manro JR, Peek VL, Donoho GP, Yan L, Wijsman JA, Yan SB and Walgren RA: Inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer by LY2801653, an inhibitor of several oncokinases, including MET. Clin Cancer Res. 19:5699–5710. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Mahadevan D, Cooke L, Riley C, Swart R, Simons B, Croce K Della, Wisner L, Iorio M, Shakalya K, Garewal H, et al: A novel tyrosine kinase switch is a mechanism of imatinib resistance in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Oncogene. 26:3909–3919. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Martinelli E, Martini G, Cardone C, Troiani T, Liguori G, Vitagliano D, Napolitano S, Morgillo F, Rinaldi B, Melillo R, et al: AXL is an oncotarget in human colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 6:23281–23296. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, Fritz AG, Greene FL and Trotti A: AJCC cancer staging manual. 649. Springer; New York: 2010

20 

Goldhirsch A, Winer EP, Coates AS, Gelber RD, PiccartGebhart M, Thurlimann B and Senn HJ: Panel members: Personalizing the treatment of women with early breast cancer: Highlights of the St Gallen International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2013. Ann Oncol. 24:2206–2223. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Carlson RW, Moench SJ, Hammond ME, Perez EA, Burstein HJ, Allred DC, Vogel CL, Goldstein LJ, Somlo G, Gradishar WJ, et al: HER2 testing in breast cancer: NCCN Task Force report and recommendations. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 4:(Suppl 3). S1–S22; quiz S23-S24. 2006.

22 

Shiozawa Y, Pedersen EA, Patel LR, Ziegler AM, Havens AM, Jung Y, Wang J, Zalucha S, Loberg RD, Pienta KJ and Taichman RS: GAS6/AXL axis regulates prostate cancer invasion, proliferation and survival in the bone marrow niche. Neoplasia. 12:116–127. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Song X and Wang H, Logsdon CD, Rashid A, Fleming JB, Abbruzzese JL, Gomez HF, Evans DB and Wang H: Overexpression of receptor tyrosine kinase Axl promotes tumor cell invasion and survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer. 117:734–743. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Bellosta P, Zhang Q, Goff S and Basilico C: Signaling through the ARK tyrosine kinase receptor protects from apoptosis in the absence of growth stimulation. Oncogene. 15:2387–2397. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Holland SJ, Powell MJ, Franci C, Chan EW, Friera AM, Atchison RE, McLaughlin J, Swift SE, Pali ES, Yam G, et al: Multiple roles for the receptor tyrosine kinase axl in tumor formation. Cancer Res. 65:9294–9303. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Berclaz G, Altermatt HJ, Rohrbach V, Kieffer I, Dreher E and Andres AC: Estrogen dependent expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase axl in normal and malignant human breast. Ann Oncol. 12:819–824. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Ahmed L, Nalwoga H, Arnes J, Wabinga H, Micklem D and Akslen L: Increased tumor cell expression of Axl is a marker of aggressive features in breast cancer among African women. APMIS. 123:688–696. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

D'Alfonso TM, Hannah J, Chen Z, Liu Y, Zhou P and Shin SJ: Axl receptor tyrosine kinase expression in breast cancer. J Clin Pathol. 67:690–696. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Neve R, Chin K, Fridlyand J, Yeh J, Baehner F, Fevr T, Clark L, Bayani N, Coppe J, Tong F, et al: A collection of breast cancer cell lines for the study of functionally distinct cancer subtypes. Cancer Cell. 10:515–527. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Chen L, Linden H, Anderson B and Li C: Trends in 5-year survival rates among breast cancer patients by hormone receptor status and stage. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 147:609–616. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Haffty B, Yang Q, Reiss M, Kearney T, Higgins S, Weidhaas J, Harris L, Hait W and Toppmeyer D: Locoregional relapse and distant metastasis in conservatively managed triple negative early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 24:5652–5657. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Dent R, Trudeau M, Pritchard KL, Hanna WM, Kahn HK, Sawka CA, Lickley LA, Rawlinson E, Sun P and Narod SA: Triple-negative breast cancer: Clinical features and patterns of recurrence. Clin Cancer Res. 13:4429–4434. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Rakha E, ElSayed M, Green A, Lee A, Robertson J and Ellis I: Prognostic markers in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer. 109:25–32. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Jin G, Wang Z, Wang J, Zhang L, Chen Y, Yuan P and Liu D: Expression of Axl and its prognostic significance in human breast cancer. Oncol Lett 13: 621-628, 2017.
APA
Jin, G., Wang, Z., Wang, J., Zhang, L., Chen, Y., Yuan, P., & Liu, D. (2017). Expression of Axl and its prognostic significance in human breast cancer. Oncology Letters, 13, 621-628. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5524
MLA
Jin, G., Wang, Z., Wang, J., Zhang, L., Chen, Y., Yuan, P., Liu, D."Expression of Axl and its prognostic significance in human breast cancer". Oncology Letters 13.2 (2017): 621-628.
Chicago
Jin, G., Wang, Z., Wang, J., Zhang, L., Chen, Y., Yuan, P., Liu, D."Expression of Axl and its prognostic significance in human breast cancer". Oncology Letters 13, no. 2 (2017): 621-628. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5524
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Jin G, Wang Z, Wang J, Zhang L, Chen Y, Yuan P and Liu D: Expression of Axl and its prognostic significance in human breast cancer. Oncol Lett 13: 621-628, 2017.
APA
Jin, G., Wang, Z., Wang, J., Zhang, L., Chen, Y., Yuan, P., & Liu, D. (2017). Expression of Axl and its prognostic significance in human breast cancer. Oncology Letters, 13, 621-628. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5524
MLA
Jin, G., Wang, Z., Wang, J., Zhang, L., Chen, Y., Yuan, P., Liu, D."Expression of Axl and its prognostic significance in human breast cancer". Oncology Letters 13.2 (2017): 621-628.
Chicago
Jin, G., Wang, Z., Wang, J., Zhang, L., Chen, Y., Yuan, P., Liu, D."Expression of Axl and its prognostic significance in human breast cancer". Oncology Letters 13, no. 2 (2017): 621-628. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5524
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team