Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
May-2017 Volume 13 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
May-2017 Volume 13 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

An Ω-3 fatty acid desaturase-expressing gene attenuates prostate cancer proliferation by cell cycle regulation

  • Authors:
    • Jinshun Pan
    • Sujin Zhou
    • Rong Xiang
    • Zhenggang Zhao
    • Shanshan Liu
    • Ning Ding
    • Sijia Gong
    • Yan Lin
    • Xiaoxi Li
    • Xiaoming Bai
    • Fanghong Li
    • Allan Z. Zhao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, The Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China, The Center of Metabolic Disease Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China, Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
  • Pages: 3717-3721
    |
    Published online on: March 21, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5880
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Previous studies have reported that Ω-6 and Ω-3 fatty acids have opposing effects on cancer development. Consuming high levels of long-chain Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been shown to reduce prostate cancer risk and increase chemotherapy sensitivity. The sdd17 gene encodes an Ω‑3 fatty acid desaturase, which converts arachidonic acid into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). However, little is known regarding the function of the sdd17 gene in tumor cells in vitro. In the present study, prostate cancer cells were infected with the msdd17 gene, which allowed the endogenous production of Ω‑3 PUFAs. The cells that expressed the msdd17 gene had high levels of long‑chain Ω‑3 PUFAs compared with the control cells. Expression of the msdd17 gene significantly inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation. EPA exposure and msdd17 gene transfection each induced G2 cell cycle arrest and reduced E2F transcription factor 1 expression in prostate cancer cells. These results suggest that msdd17 gene transfection suppressed prostate cancer cell proliferation and induced G2 cell cycle arrest.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 65:87–108. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin. 65:5–29. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Apte SA, Cavazos DA, Whelan KA and Degraffenried LA: A low dietary ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 Fatty acids may delay progression of prostate cancer. Nutr Cancer. 65:556–562. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Rodriguez C, McCullough ML, Mondul AM, Jacobs EJ, Chao A, Patel AV, Thun MJ and Calle EE: Meat consumption among Black and White men and risk of prostate cancer in the cancer prevention study II nutrition cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 15:211–216. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Walker M, Aronson KJ, King W, Wilson JW, Fan W, Heaton JP, MacNeily A, Nickel JC and Morales A: Dietary patterns and risk of prostate cancer in Ontario, Canada. Int J Cancer. 116:592–598. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Hedelin M, Chang ET, Wiklund F, Bellocco R, Klint A, Adolfsson J, Shahedi K, Xu J, Adami HO, Grönberg H and Bälter KA: Association of frequent consumption of fatty fish with prostate cancer risk is modified by COX-2 polymorphism. Int J Cancer. 120:398–405. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Norrish AE, Skeaff CM, Arribas GL, Sharpe SJ and Jackson RT: Prostate cancer risk and consumption of fish oils: A dietary biomarker-based case-control study. Br J Cancer. 81:1238–1242. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Michaud DS, Augustsson K, Colditz GC, Willett WC and Giovannucci EL: Dietary intake of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and the risk of prostate cancer. Am J Clin Nutr. 80:204–216. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

9 

Pham TM, Fujino Y, Kubo T, Ide R, Tokui N, Mizoue T, Ogimoto I, Matsuda S and Yoshimura T: Fish intake and the risk of fatal prostate cancer: Findings from a cohort study in Japan. Public Health Nutr. 12:609–613. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Simopoulos AP: The importance of the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio in cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 233:674–688. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

de Lorgeril M and Salen P: New insights into the health effects of dietary saturated and omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. BMC Med. 10:502012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Berquin IM, Edwards IJ and Chen YQ: Multi-targeted therapy of cancer by omega-3 fatty acids. Cancer Lett. 269:363–377. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Patel MI, Kurek C and Dong Q: The arachidonic acid pathway and its role in prostate cancer development and progression. J Urol. 179:1668–1675. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Hajjaji N and Bougnoux P: Selective sensitization of tumors to chemotherapy by marine-derived lipids: A review. Cancer Treat Rev. 39:473–488. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Larsson SC, Kumlin M, Ingelman-Sundberg M and Wolk A: Dietary long-chain n-3 fatty acids for the prevention of cancer: A review of potential mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr. 79:935–945. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Azrad M, Turgeon C and Demark-Wahnefried W: Current evidence linking polyunsaturated Fatty acids with cancer risk and progression. Front Oncol. 3:2242013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Fradet V, Cheng I, Casey G and Witte JS: Dietary omega-3 fatty acids, cyclooxygenase-2 genetic variation, and aggressive prostate cancer risk. Clin Cancer Res. 15:2559–2566. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Pelser C, Mondul AM, Hollenbeck AR and Park Y: Dietary fat, fatty acids, and risk of prostate cancer in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 22:697–707. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

McEntee MF, Ziegler C, Reel D, Tomer K, Shoieb A, Ray M, Li X, Neilsen N, Lih FB, O'Rourke D and Whelan J: Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids enhance hormone ablation therapy in androgen-dependent prostate cancer. Am J Pathol. 173:229–241. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Berquin IM, Min Y, Wu R, Wu J, Perry D, Cline JM, Thomas MJ, Thornburg T, Kulik G, Smith A, et al: Modulation of prostate cancer genetic risk by omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. J Clin Invest. 117:1866–1875. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Pereira SL, Huang YS, Bobik EG, Kinney AJ, Stecca KL, Packer JC and Mukerji P: A novel omega3-fatty acid desaturase involved in the biosynthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid. Biochem J. 378:665–671. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Chen Y, Zhang M and Gou K: SDD17 desaturase can convert arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid in mammalian cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 394:158–162. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Chen Z, Zhang Y, Jia C, Wang Y, Lai P, Zhou X, Song Q, Lin J, Ren Z, Gao Q, et al: mTORC1/2 targeted by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention of mammary tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Oncogene. 33:4548–4557. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Pan J, Cheng L, Bi X, Zhang X, Liu S, Bai X, Li F and Zhao AZ: Elevation of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuates PTEN-deficiency induced endometrial cancer development through regulation of COX-2 and PGE2 Production. Sci Rep. 5:149582015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Zheng H, Tang H, Liu M, He M, Lai P, Dong H, Lin J, Jia C, Zhong M, Dai Y, et al: Inhibition of endometrial cancer by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in preclinical models. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 7:824–834. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Gago-Dominguez M, Yuan JM, Sun CL, Lee HP and Yu MC: Opposing effects of dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids on mammary carcinogenesis: The Singapore Chinese Health Study. Br J Cancer. 89:1686–1692. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Arem H, Neuhouser ML, Irwin ML, Cartmel B, Lu L, Risch H, Mayne ST and Yu H: Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intakes and endometrial cancer risk in a population-based case-control study. Eur J Nutr. 52:1251–1260. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Chen HZ, Tsai SY and Leone G: Emerging roles of E2Fs in cancer: An exit from cell cycle control. Nat Rev Cancer. 9:785–797. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Wu M, Seto E and Zhang J: E2F1 enhances glycolysis through suppressing Sirt6 transcription in cancer cells. Oncotarget. 6:11252–11263. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Maudet C, Mano M, Sunkavalli U, Sharan M, Giacca M, Förstner KU and Eulalio A: Functional high-throughput screening identifies the miR-15 microRNA family as cellular restriction factors for Salmonella infection. Nat Commun. 5:47182014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Jaganathan A, Chaurasia P, Xiao GQ, Philizaire M, Lv X, Yao S, Burnstein KL, Liu DP, Levine AC and Mujtaba S: Coactivator MYST1 regulates nuclear factor-κB and androgen receptor functions during proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol. 28:872–885. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Wang S, Li W, Xue Z, Lu Y, Narsinh K, Fan W, Li X, Bu Q, Wang F, Liang J, et al: Molecular imaging of p53 signal pathway in lung cancer cell cycle arrest induced by cisplatin. Mol Carcinog. 52:900–907. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Lee KY, Lee JW, Nam HJ, Shim JH, Song Y and Kang KW: PI3-kinase/p38 kinase-dependent E2F1 activation is critical for Pin1 induction in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Mol Cells. 32:107–111. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Gomez-Gutierrez JG, Garcia-Garcia A, Hao H, Rao XM, de Montes Oca-Luna R, Zhou HS and McMasters KM: Adenovirus-mediated expression of truncated E2F-1 suppresses tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Cancer. 116:4420–4423. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Pan J, Zhou S, Xiang R, Zhao Z, Liu S, Ding N, Gong S, Lin Y, Li X, Bai X, Bai X, et al: An Ω-3 fatty acid desaturase-expressing gene attenuates prostate cancer proliferation by cell cycle regulation. Oncol Lett 13: 3717-3721, 2017.
APA
Pan, J., Zhou, S., Xiang, R., Zhao, Z., Liu, S., Ding, N. ... Zhao, A.Z. (2017). An Ω-3 fatty acid desaturase-expressing gene attenuates prostate cancer proliferation by cell cycle regulation. Oncology Letters, 13, 3717-3721. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5880
MLA
Pan, J., Zhou, S., Xiang, R., Zhao, Z., Liu, S., Ding, N., Gong, S., Lin, Y., Li, X., Bai, X., Li, F., Zhao, A. Z."An Ω-3 fatty acid desaturase-expressing gene attenuates prostate cancer proliferation by cell cycle regulation". Oncology Letters 13.5 (2017): 3717-3721.
Chicago
Pan, J., Zhou, S., Xiang, R., Zhao, Z., Liu, S., Ding, N., Gong, S., Lin, Y., Li, X., Bai, X., Li, F., Zhao, A. Z."An Ω-3 fatty acid desaturase-expressing gene attenuates prostate cancer proliferation by cell cycle regulation". Oncology Letters 13, no. 5 (2017): 3717-3721. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5880
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Pan J, Zhou S, Xiang R, Zhao Z, Liu S, Ding N, Gong S, Lin Y, Li X, Bai X, Bai X, et al: An Ω-3 fatty acid desaturase-expressing gene attenuates prostate cancer proliferation by cell cycle regulation. Oncol Lett 13: 3717-3721, 2017.
APA
Pan, J., Zhou, S., Xiang, R., Zhao, Z., Liu, S., Ding, N. ... Zhao, A.Z. (2017). An Ω-3 fatty acid desaturase-expressing gene attenuates prostate cancer proliferation by cell cycle regulation. Oncology Letters, 13, 3717-3721. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5880
MLA
Pan, J., Zhou, S., Xiang, R., Zhao, Z., Liu, S., Ding, N., Gong, S., Lin, Y., Li, X., Bai, X., Li, F., Zhao, A. Z."An Ω-3 fatty acid desaturase-expressing gene attenuates prostate cancer proliferation by cell cycle regulation". Oncology Letters 13.5 (2017): 3717-3721.
Chicago
Pan, J., Zhou, S., Xiang, R., Zhao, Z., Liu, S., Ding, N., Gong, S., Lin, Y., Li, X., Bai, X., Li, F., Zhao, A. Z."An Ω-3 fatty acid desaturase-expressing gene attenuates prostate cancer proliferation by cell cycle regulation". Oncology Letters 13, no. 5 (2017): 3717-3721. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5880
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team