Combination of celecoxib and PD184161 exerts synergistic inhibitory effects on gallbladder cancer cell proliferation

Deng,Min; Qin,Yiyu; Chen,Xiaodong; Li,Dapeng; Wang,Qiangwu; Zheng,Hailun; Gu,Lin; Deng,Chaojing; Xue,Yongju; Zhu,Danyu; Wang,Qizhi; Wang,Jianchao

doi:10.3892/ol.2017.5914

Combination of celecoxib and PD184161 exerts synergistic inhibitory effects on gallbladder cancer cell proliferation

Authors:
- Min Deng
- Yiyu Qin
- Xiaodong Chen
- Dapeng Li
- Qiangwu Wang
- Hailun Zheng
- Lin Gu
- Chaojing Deng
- Yongju Xue
- Danyu Zhu
- Qizhi Wang
- Jianchao Wang
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Affiliations: Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China, Clinical Medical College, Research Centre of Biomedical Technology, Yancheng Institute of Health Sciences, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224005, P.R. China, Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
Published online on: March 27, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5914
Pages: 3850-3858

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Abstract

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX‑2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) may serve as potential targets in various types of cancer; however, the roles of these proteins in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) have not been reported previously. In the present study, the expression levels of COX‑2 and phospho (p)‑ERK1/2 in GBC were examined and the biological activities of celecoxib and PD184161 (specific inhibitors of COX‑2 and p‑ERK1/2, respectively) on the proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of the GBC‑SD and NOZ human GBC cell lines were evaluated by a series of in vitro and in vivo studies. COX‑2 and p‑ERK1/2 protein expression levels were found to be significantly elevated in GBC tissues as well as in GBC‑SD and NOZ cells. Treatments with celecoxib and PD184161 significantly inhibited GBC‑SD and NOZ cell growth in a concentration‑dependent manner, and their combination produced a synergistic inhibitory effect. In addition, celecoxib and PD184161 significantly inhibited tumor growth in xenograft nude mice. Celecoxib treatment led to G1 arrest via the upregulation of p21 and p27 expression in GBC‑SD and NOZ cells, whereas PD184161 did not affect cell cycle distribution. The combination of celecoxib and PD184161 was able to promote cell apoptosis by triggering a collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and activating caspase‑3‑mediated apoptosis. In conclusion, COX‑2 and p‑ERK1/2 protein may serve as potential targets for GBC chemotherapy, and the combination of celecoxib and PD184161 could significantly inhibit GBC cell growth, induce cell G1 arrest and trigger cell apoptosis of GBC cells.

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