Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
May-2017 Volume 13 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
May-2017 Volume 13 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Prospective evaluation of fluorescence in situ hybridization for diagnosing urothelial carcinoma

  • Authors:
    • Tianhai Lin
    • Zhenhua Liu
    • Liangren Liu
    • Lu Yang
    • Ping Han
    • Peng Zhang
    • Qiang Wei
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
  • Pages: 3928-3934
    |
    Published online on: March 27, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5926
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common type of cancer of the bladder and upper urinary tract, and is characterized by a high risk of recurrence and progression. Urine fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a technique that detects genetic aberrations in exfoliated cells in the urine, with specific probes for chromosomes 3, 7 and 17 and the p16 gene. To evaluate the diagnostic value of FISH in UC, 119 patients from November 2010 to June 2012 with suspected UC were recruited into a prospective, cross‑sectional study and were followed up for 12‑30 months. These patients received voided urine cytology and FISH tests, and underwent cystoscopy and/or ureteroscopy as a reference standard. The final diagnoses confirmed 73 patients with UC, located in the bladder, upper urinary tracts or the two. The sensitivity of FISH for detecting UC was superior to cytology, irrespective of tumor grade and stage: Overall, 80.8 vs. 32.9% (P<0.001); low grade, 75.8 vs. 12.1% (P<0.001); high grade, 85 vs. 50% (P<0.005); non‑muscle‑invasive, 81.1 vs. 28.3% (P<0.001) and muscle‑invasive, 80 vs. 45% (P<0.05), respectively. The specificities of the two tests were similar; overall, the specificity was 89.1% for cytology vs. 100% for FISH, and no significant difference was observed between the methods. Notably, FISH exhibited 100% sensitivity for cytologically non‑diagnostic UC, but 33.3% specificity. In conclusion, FISH is a reliable and non‑invasive diagnostic tool for bladder and upper urinary tract UC, particularly in patients with low‑grade or early stage tumors.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

View References

1 

Babjuk M, Oosterlinck W, Sylvester R, Kaasinen E, Böhle A, Palou-Redorta J and Rouprêt M: European Association of Urology (EAU): EAU guidelines on non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, the 2011 update. Eur Urol. 59:997–1008. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Ries LAG, Young JL, Keel GE, Eisner MP, Lin YD and Horner MJ: SEER survival monograph: Cancer survival among adults: U.S. seer program, 1988–2001, patient and tumor characteristicsNational Cancer Institute, SEER Program. NIH Pub. No. 07-6215. Bethesda, MD: 2007

3 

Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2016. CA Cancer J Clin. 66:7–30. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Chen W, Zheng R, Baade PD, Zhang S, Zeng H, Bray F, Jemal A, Yu QX and Jie H: Cancer statistics in China, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin. 66:115–132. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Munoz JJ and Ellison LM: Upper tract urothelial neoplasms: Incidence and survival during the last 2 decades. J Urol. 164:1523–1525. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Sobin LH, Gospodariwicz MK and Wittekind C: TNM classification of malignant tumours. UICC International Union Against Cancer (7th). 262–265. 2009.

7 

Lutzeyer W, Rübben H and Dahm H: Prognostic parameters in superficial bladder cancer: An analysis of 315 cases. J Urol. 127:250–252. 1982.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Heney NM, Ahmed S, Flanagan MJ, Frable W, Corder MP, Hafermann MD and Hawkins IR: Superficial bladder cancer: Progression and recurrence. J Urol. 130:1083–1086. 1983.PubMed/NCBI

9 

Herr HW: Natural history of superficial bladder tumors: 10- to 20-year follow-up of treated patients. World J Urol. 15:84–88. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Freedman ND, Silverman DT, Hollenbeck AR, Schatzkin A and Abnet CC: Association between smoking and risk of bladder cancer among men and women. JAMA. 306:737–745. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Zeegers MP, Tan FE, Dorant E and van Den Brandt PA: The impact of characteristics of cigarette smoking on urinary tract cancer risk: A meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Cancer. 89:630–639. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Crivelli JJ, Xylinas E, Kluth LA, Rieken M, Rink M and Shariat SF: Effect of smoking on outcomes of urothelial carcinoma: A systematic review of the literature. Eur Urol. 65:742–754. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Sanderson KM and Rouprêt M: Upper urinary tract tumour after radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: An update on the risk factors, surveillance regimens and treatments. BJU Int. 100:11–16. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Hajdinjak T: Urovysion FISH test for detecting urothelial cancers: Meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy and comparison with urinary cytology testing. Urol Oncol. 26:646–651. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Lotan Y and Roehrborn CG: Sensitivity and specificity of commonly available bladder tumor markers versus cytology: Results of a comprehensive literature review and meta-analyses. Urology. 61:109–118. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Sokolova IA, Halling KC, Jenkins RB, Burkhardt HM, Meyer RG, Seelig SA and King W: The development of a multitarget, multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization assay for the detection of urothelial carcinoma in urine. J Mol Diagn. 2:116–123. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Bubendorf L: Multiprobe fluorescence in situ hybridization (UroVysion) for the detection of urothelial carcinoma-FISHing for the right catch. Acta Cytol. 55:113–119. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Mowatt G, Zhu S, Kilonzo M, Boachie C, Fraser C, Griffiths TR, N'Dow J, Nabi G, Cook J and Vale L: Systematic review of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of photodynamic diagnosis and urine biomarkers (FISH, ImmunoCyt, NMP22) and cytology for the detection and follow-up of bladder cancer. Health Technol Assess. 14:1–331, iii-iv. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Kang JU, Koo SH, Jeong TE, Kwon KC, Park JW and Jeon CH: Multitarget fluorescence in situ hybridization and melanoma antigen genes analysis in primary bladder carcinoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 164:32–38. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Marín-Aguilera M, Mengual L, Ribal MJ, Burset M, Arce Y, Ars E, Oliver A, Villavicencio H, Algaba F and Alcaraz A: Utility of a multiprobe fluorescence in situ hybridization assay in the detection of superficial urothelial bladder cancer. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 173:131–135. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Dimashkieh H, Wolff DJ, Smith TM, Houser PM, Nietert PJ and Yang J: Evaluation of urovysion and cytology for bladder cancer detection: A study of 1835 paired urine samples with clinical and histologic correlation. Cancer Cytopathol. 121:591–597. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Huang JW, Mu JG, Li YW, Gan XG, Song LJ, Gu BJ, Fu Q, Xu YM and An RH: The utility of fluorescence in situ hybridization for diagnosis and surveillance of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Urol J. 11:1974–1979. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Li HX, Wang MR, Zhao H, Cao J, Li CL and Pan QJ: Comparison of fluorescence in situ hybridization, NMP22 bladderchek and urinary liquid-based cytology in the detection of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol. 41:852–857. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Banek S, Schwentner C, Täger D, Pesch B, Nasterlack M, Leng G, Gawrych K, Bonberg N, Johnen G, Kluckert M, et al: Prospective evaluation of fluorescence-in situ-hybridization to detect bladder cancer: Results from the uroscreen-study. Urol Oncol. 31:1656–1662. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Huang WT, Li LY, Pang J, Ruan XX, Sun QP, Yang WJ and Gao X: Fluorescence in situ hybridization assay detects upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma in patients with asymptomatic hematuria and negative urine cytology. Neoplasma. 59:355–360. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Montironi R and Lopez-Beltran A: The 2004 WHO classification of bladder tumors: A summary and commentary. Int J Surg Pathol. 13:143–153. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Connor RJ: Sample size for testing differences in proportions for the paired-sample design. Biometrics. 43:207–211. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Beam CA: Strategies for improving power in diagnostic radiology research. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 159:631–637. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Zhou AG, Hutchinson LM and Cosar EF: Urine cytopathology and ancillary methods. Surg Pathol Clin. 7:77–88. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Sarosdy MF, Kahn PR, Ziffer MD, Love WR, Barkin J, Abara EO, Jansz K, Bridge JA, Johansson SL, Persons DL and Gibson JS: Use of a multitarget fluorescence in situ hybridization assay to diagnose bladder cancer in patients with hematuria. J Urol. 176:44–47. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Chen N, Gong J, Zeng H, Wei Q, Zhu YC, Chen M and Zhou Q: Value of fluorescence in situ hybridization of urine exfoliative cells in diagnosis of urinary bladder neoplasms. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 42:109–113. 2011.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

32 

Bubendorf L, Grilli B, Sauter G, Mihatsch MJ, Gasser TC and Dalquen P: Multiprobe FISH for enhanced detection of bladder cancer in voided urine specimens and bladder washings. Am J Clin Pathol. 116:79–86. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Reynolds JP, Voss JS, Kipp BR, Karnes RJ, Nassar A, Clayton AC, Henry MR, Sebo TJ, Zhang J and Halling KC: Comparison of urine cytology and fluorescence in situ hybridization in upper urothelial tract samples. Cancer Cytopathol. 122:459–467. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Cui X, Jiang Y, Luo Y, Zhao J and Zhao L: The impact of various standards in the diagnosis of bladder cancer by fluorescence in situ hybridization. J Clin Urology. 24:889–891, 894. 2009.

35 

Marin-Aguilera M, Mengual L, Ribal MJ, Musquera M, Ars E, Villavicencio H, Algaba F and Alcaraz A: Utility of fluorescence in situ hybridization as a non-invasive technique in the diagnosis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Eur Urol. 51:409–415. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Chen AA and Grasso M: Is there a role for FISH in the management and surveillance of patients with upper tract transitional-cell carcinoma? J Endourol. 22:1371–1374. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Mian C, Mazzoleni G, Vikoler S, Martini T, Knüchel-Clark R, Zaak D, Lazica A, Roth S, Mian M and Pycha A: Fluorescence in situ hybridisation in the diagnosis of upper urinary tract tumours. Eur Urol. 58:288–292. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Smith AK, Larson BT, Berger A and Jones SJ: Is there a role for cytology in the diagnosis of upper tract urothelial cancer? J Urology. 181:1322009. View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Messer J, Shariat SF, Brien JC, Herman MP, Ng CK, Scherr DS, Scoll B, Uzzo RG, Wille M, Eggener SE, et al: Urinary cytology has a poor performance for predicting invasive or high-grade upper-tract urothelial carcinoma. BJU Int. 108:701–705. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

40 

Fadl-Elmula I: Chromosomal changes in uroepithelial carcinomas. Cell Chromosome. 4:12005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Skacel M, Fahmy M, Brainard JA, Pettay JD, Biscotti CV, Liou LS, Procop GW, Jones JS, Ulchaker J, Zippe CD and Tubbs RR: Multitarget fluorescence in situ hybridization assay detects transitional cell carcinoma in the majority of patients with bladder cancer and atypical or negative urine cytology. J Urol. 169:2101–2105. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Daniely M, Rona R, Kaplan T, Olsfanger S, Elboim L, Freiberger A, Lew S and Leibovitch I: Combined morphologic and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of voided urine samples for the detection and follow-up of bladder cancer in patients with benign urine cytology. Cancer. 111:517–524. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Gofrit ON, Zorn KC, Silvestre J, Shalhav AL, Zagaja GP, Msezane LP and Steinberg GD: The predictive value of multi-targeted fluorescent in-situ hybridization in patients with history of bladder cancer. Urol Oncol. 26:246–249. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Ferra S, Denley R, Herr H, Dalbagni G, Jhanwar S and Lin O: Reflex urovysion testing in suspicious urine cytology cases. Cancer. 117:7–14. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

45 

Yoder BJ, Skacel M, Hedgepeth R, Babineau D, Ulchaker JC, Liou LS, Brainard JA, Biscotti CV, Jones JS and Tubbs RR: Reflex urovysion testing of bladder cancer surveillance patients with equivocal or negative urine cytology: A prospective study with focus on the natural history of anticipatory positive findings. Am J Clin Pathol. 127:295–301. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lin T, Liu Z, Liu L, Yang L, Han P, Zhang P and Wei Q: Prospective evaluation of fluorescence in situ hybridization for diagnosing urothelial carcinoma. Oncol Lett 13: 3928-3934, 2017.
APA
Lin, T., Liu, Z., Liu, L., Yang, L., Han, P., Zhang, P., & Wei, Q. (2017). Prospective evaluation of fluorescence in situ hybridization for diagnosing urothelial carcinoma. Oncology Letters, 13, 3928-3934. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5926
MLA
Lin, T., Liu, Z., Liu, L., Yang, L., Han, P., Zhang, P., Wei, Q."Prospective evaluation of fluorescence in situ hybridization for diagnosing urothelial carcinoma". Oncology Letters 13.5 (2017): 3928-3934.
Chicago
Lin, T., Liu, Z., Liu, L., Yang, L., Han, P., Zhang, P., Wei, Q."Prospective evaluation of fluorescence in situ hybridization for diagnosing urothelial carcinoma". Oncology Letters 13, no. 5 (2017): 3928-3934. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5926
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lin T, Liu Z, Liu L, Yang L, Han P, Zhang P and Wei Q: Prospective evaluation of fluorescence in situ hybridization for diagnosing urothelial carcinoma. Oncol Lett 13: 3928-3934, 2017.
APA
Lin, T., Liu, Z., Liu, L., Yang, L., Han, P., Zhang, P., & Wei, Q. (2017). Prospective evaluation of fluorescence in situ hybridization for diagnosing urothelial carcinoma. Oncology Letters, 13, 3928-3934. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5926
MLA
Lin, T., Liu, Z., Liu, L., Yang, L., Han, P., Zhang, P., Wei, Q."Prospective evaluation of fluorescence in situ hybridization for diagnosing urothelial carcinoma". Oncology Letters 13.5 (2017): 3928-3934.
Chicago
Lin, T., Liu, Z., Liu, L., Yang, L., Han, P., Zhang, P., Wei, Q."Prospective evaluation of fluorescence in situ hybridization for diagnosing urothelial carcinoma". Oncology Letters 13, no. 5 (2017): 3928-3934. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5926
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team