Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
November-2017 Volume 14 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2017 Volume 14 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Treatment of osteosarcoma around the knee in skeletally immature patients

  • Authors:
    • Weitao Yao
    • Qiqing Cai
    • Jiaqiang Wang
    • Songtao Gao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Bone and Soft Department, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Yao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 5241-5248
    |
    Published online on: September 6, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.6903
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Limb sparing surgery in growing young patients with malignant tumors is difficult as invasion of the physis by the tumor or surgical resection through the metaphysis may cause significant limb discrepancy following surgery. At present, hinged tumor prosthesis or biological reconstructions are the main methods following tumor resection in these patients. The aim of the present study was to assess different procedures for the treatment of osteosarcoma around knee joints in immature patients. A retrospective study of 56 patients (<15 years old, open physis) who had been treated for osteosarcoma around the knee joint between January 2007 and December 2015 was performed. Clinical data collected included patient demographics (age at diagnosis, sex and date of diagnosis), tumor characteristics [location, Enneking stage and subtype on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)], treatment (response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and type of primary surgery) and clinical outcomes (limb function, discrepancy and overall survival). The median age at the time of diagnosis was 12.14 years (range, 3‑15 years). There were 32 male patients (57.1%). A total of 41 (82%) tumors were located at the distal femur, and 15 (18%) at the proximal tibia. A total of 49 (87.5%) patients were diagnosed with stage IIB tumors, and 7 (12.5%) had stage III, according to the Enneking stage classification. Different surgical methods, including amputation, rotation‑plasty, endoprosthesis and biological instructions (e.g., allograft) were performed according to MRI type classification. During follow‑up, 21 patients (37.5%) succumbed to disease. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score ranged from excellent to fair functional result. Recurrence (2 cases, 16.67%) and infection (2, cases, 16.67%) were the main complications following endoprosthesis replacement, while delayed union (12 cases, 57.14%) and fracture (3 cases, 14.29%) were the main causes for biological reconstructions. Limb‑length discrepancy ranged from 0‑10 cm in limb‑saving surgery. The overall survival rate was 57.66% with different cohorts in Enneking stages IIB and III, with or without involvement of the physis and different cycles of chemotherapy. Results of the present study indicated that different limb saving surgeries, including epiphysis/physis preservation with biological construction in patients with MRI types I to III and endoprosthetic/osteoarticular reconstruction in patients with MRI types IV and V, are useful in the management of osteosarcoma in growing young patients with proper surgery indications, and knee joint function was maintained with acceptable complications including limb discrepancy, delayed union, infection, recurrence and fracture.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Ottaviani G and Jaffe N: The epidemiology of osteosarcoma. Cancer Treat Res. 152:3–13. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Chen Y, Yu XC, Xu SF, Xu M and Song RX: Impacts of tumor location, nature and bone destruction of extremity osteosarcoma on selection of limb salvage operative procedure. Orthop Surg. 8:139–149. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Haynes K, Tyner C and Williams PD: Repiphysis prosthesis for limb preservation in pediatric patients with bone cancer: A literature review. Orthop Nurs. 32:81–86. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Kudawara I, Aoki Y, Ueda T, Araki N, Naka N, Nakanishi H, Matsumine A, Ieguchi M, Mori S, Myoui A, et al: Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy with high-dose ifosfamide, doxorubicin, cisplatin and high-dose methotrexate in non-metastatic osteosarcoma of the extremities: A phase II trial in Japan. J Chemother. 25:41–48. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Hegyi M, Semsei AF, Jakab Z, Antal I, Kiss J, Szendroi M, Csoka M and Kovacs G: Good prognosis of localized osteosarcoma in young patients treated with limb-salvage surgery and chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 57:415–422. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Eleutério SJ, Senerchia AA, Almeida MT, Da Costa CM, Lustosa D, Calheiros LM, Barreto JH, Brunetto AL, Macedo CR and Petrilli AS: Osteosarcoma in patients younger than 12 years old without metastases have similar prognosis as adolescent and young adults. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 62:1209–1213. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Ruzbarsky JJ, Goodbody C and Dodwell E: Closing the growth plate: A review of indications and surgical options. Curr Opin Pediatr. 29:80–86. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Hao YK, Zhang YK, Yang ZP, Li X, Yang Q and Li JM: The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in determining the osteotomy plane in osteosarcoma. Orthopedics. 31:5442008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Kumta SM, Chow TC, Griffith J, Li CK, Kew J and Leung PC: Classifying the location of osteosarcoma with reference to the epiphyseal plate helps determine the optimal skeletal resection in limb salvage procedures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 119:327–331. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Enneking WF, Springfield D and Gross M: The surgical treatment of parosteal osteosarcoma in long bones. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 67:125–135. 1985. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Skorupski KA, Uhl JM, Szivek A, Frazier Allstadt SD, Rebhun RB and Rodriguez CO Jr: Carboplatin versus alternating carboplatin and doxorubicin for the adjuvant treatment of canine appendicular osteosarcoma: A randomized, phase III trial. Vet Comp Oncol. 14:81–87. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Schwartz CL, Wexler LH, Krailo MD, Teot LA, Devidas M, Steinherz LJ, Goorin AM, Gebhardt MC, Healey JH, Sato JK, et al: Intensified chemotherapy with dexrazoxane cardioprotection in newly diagnosed nonmetastatic osteosarcoma: A report from the children's oncology group. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 63:54–61. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Yu W, Tang L, Lin F, Yao Y and Shen Z: Pirarubicin versus doxorubicin in neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy for stage IIB limb high-grade osteosarcoma: Does the analog matter? Med Oncol. 32:3072015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

American Association of Tissue Banks: American Association of Tissue Banks provisional guidelines for cell, tissue and organ preservation: Reproductive council guidelines. Newsl Am Assoc Tissue Banks. 4 Suppl:S37–S40. 1980.

15 

Tsuchiya H, Abdel-Wanis ME, Sakurakichi K, Yamashiro T and Tomita K: Osteosarcoma around the knee. Intraepiphyseal excision and biological reconstruction with distraction osteogenesis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 84:1162–1166. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Cañadell J, Forriol F and Cara JA: Removal of metaphyseal bone tumours with preservation of the epiphysis. Physeal distraction before excision. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 76:127–132. 1994.PubMed/NCBI

17 

Enneking WF, Dunham W, Gebhardt MC, Malawar M and Pritchard DJ: A system for the functional evaluation of reconstructive procedures after surgical treatment of tumors of the musculoskeletal system. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 286:241–246. 1993.

18 

Tan PX, Yong BC, Wang J, Huang G, Yin JQ, Zou CY, Xie XB, Tang QL and Shen JN: Analysis of the efficacy and prognosis of limb-salvage surgery for osteosarcoma around the knee. Eur J Surg Oncol. 38:1171–1177. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Bi W, Wang W, Han G, Jia J and Xu M: Osteosarcoma around the knee treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and a custom-designed prosthesis. Orthopedics. 36:e444–e450. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Houdek MT, Watts CD, Wyles CC, Rose PS, Taunton MJ and Sim FH: Functional and oncologic outcome of cemented endoprosthesis for malignant proximal femoral tumors. J Surg Oncol. 114:501–506. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Ieguchi M, Hoshi M, Aono M, Takada J, Ohebisu N, Kudawara I and Nakamura H: Knee reconstruction with endoprosthesis after extra-articular and intra-articular resection of osteosarcoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 44:812–817. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Hahn SB, Park HJ, Kim HS, Kim SH and Shin KH: Surgical treatment of malignant and aggressive bone tumors around the knee by segmental resection and rotationplasty. Yonsei Med J. 44:485–492. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Campanacci L, Alì N, Casanova JM, Kreshak J and Manfrini M: Resurfaced allograft-prosthetic composite for proximal tibial reconstruction in children: Intermediate-term results of an original technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 97:241–250. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Abdel-Ghani H, Ebeid W and El-Barbary H: Management of combined nonunion and limb-length discrepancy after vascularised fibular grafting. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 92:267–272. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Cipriano CA, Gruzinova IS, Frank RM, Gitelis S and Virkus WW: Frequent complications and severe bone loss associated with the repiphysis expandable distal femoral prosthesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 473:831–838. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Sawamura C, Matsumoto S, Shimoji T, Ae K, Tanizawa T, Gokita T, Koyanagi H and Okawa A: Indications for and surgical complications of rotationplasty. J Orthop Sci. 17:775–781. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Forni C, Gaudenzi N, Zoli M, Manfrini M, Benedetti MG, Pignotti E and Chiari P: Living with rotationplasty-quality of life in rotationplasty patients from childhood to adulthood. J Surg Oncol. 105:331–336. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Dotan A, Dadia S, Bickels J, Nirkin A, Flusser G, Issakov J, Neumann Y, Cohen I, Ben-Arush M, Kollender Y and Meller I: Expandable endoprosthesis for limb-sparing surgery in children: Long-term results. J Child Orthop. 4:391–400. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Arteau A, Lewis VO, Moon BS, Satcher RL, Bird JE and Lin PP: Tibial growth disturbance following distal femoral resection and expandable endoprosthetic reconstruction. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 97:e722015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Abed YY, Beltrami G, Campanacci DA, Innocenti M, Scoccianti G and Capanna R: Biological reconstruction after resection of bone tumours around the knee: Long-term follow-up. J Bone Jt Surg Br. 91:1366–1372. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Bus MP, Dijkstra PD, van de Sande MA, Taminiau AH, Schreuder HW, Jutte PC, van der Geest IC, Schaap GR and Bramer JA: Intercalary allograft reconstructions following resection of primary bone tumors: A nationwide multicenter study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 96:e262014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Aponte-Tinao L, Ayerza MA, Muscolo DL and Farfalli GL: Survival, recurrence and function after epiphyseal preservation and allograft reconstruction in osteosarcoma of the knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 473:1789–1796. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

DeGroot H III and Mankin H: Total knee arthroplasty in patients who have massive osteoarticular allografts. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 373:62–72. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Muscolo DL, Ayerza MA, Aponte-Tinao LA and Ranalletta M: Partial epiphyseal preservation and intercalary allograft reconstruction in high-grade metaphyseal osteosarcoma of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 86:2686–2693. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Karakaşli A, Satoğlu İS and Havitçioğlu H: A new intramedullary sustained dynamic compression nail for the treatment of long bone fractures: A biomechanical study. Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi. 26:64–71. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Bus MP, Dijkstra PD, van de Sande MA, Taminiau AH, Schreuder HW, Jutte PC, vander Geest IC, Schaap GR and Bramer JA: Intercalary allograft reconstructions following resection of primary bone tumors: A nationwide multicenter study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 96:e262014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Hornicek FJ, Gebhardt MC, Tomford WW, Sorger JI, Zavatta M, Menzner JP and Mankin HJ: Factors affecting nonunion of the allograft-host junction. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 382:87–98. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Faisham WI, Saad Mat AZ, Alsaigh LN, Azman Nor MZ, Imran Kamarul M, Biswal BM, Bhavaraju VM, Salzihan MS, Hasnan J, Ezane AM, et al: Prognostic factors and survival rate of osteosarcoma: A single-institution study. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 13:e104–e110. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Ayerza MA, Farfalli GL, Aponte-Tinao L and Muscolo DL: Does increased rate of limb-sparing surgery affect survival in osteosarcoma? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 468:2854–2859. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yao W, Cai Q, Wang J and Gao S: Treatment of osteosarcoma around the knee in skeletally immature patients. Oncol Lett 14: 5241-5248, 2017.
APA
Yao, W., Cai, Q., Wang, J., & Gao, S. (2017). Treatment of osteosarcoma around the knee in skeletally immature patients. Oncology Letters, 14, 5241-5248. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.6903
MLA
Yao, W., Cai, Q., Wang, J., Gao, S."Treatment of osteosarcoma around the knee in skeletally immature patients". Oncology Letters 14.5 (2017): 5241-5248.
Chicago
Yao, W., Cai, Q., Wang, J., Gao, S."Treatment of osteosarcoma around the knee in skeletally immature patients". Oncology Letters 14, no. 5 (2017): 5241-5248. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.6903
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yao W, Cai Q, Wang J and Gao S: Treatment of osteosarcoma around the knee in skeletally immature patients. Oncol Lett 14: 5241-5248, 2017.
APA
Yao, W., Cai, Q., Wang, J., & Gao, S. (2017). Treatment of osteosarcoma around the knee in skeletally immature patients. Oncology Letters, 14, 5241-5248. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.6903
MLA
Yao, W., Cai, Q., Wang, J., Gao, S."Treatment of osteosarcoma around the knee in skeletally immature patients". Oncology Letters 14.5 (2017): 5241-5248.
Chicago
Yao, W., Cai, Q., Wang, J., Gao, S."Treatment of osteosarcoma around the knee in skeletally immature patients". Oncology Letters 14, no. 5 (2017): 5241-5248. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.6903
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team