Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
April-2018 Volume 15 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2018 Volume 15 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Treatment with 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 reverses multidrug resistance in A549/DDP xenograft tumors

  • Authors:
    • Chao Liu
    • Quan Gong
    • Ting Chen
    • Juan Lv
    • Zhiping Feng
    • Pengjie Liu
    • Zhiyong Deng
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China, Department of Palliative Medicine, Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 4376-4382
    |
    Published online on: January 24, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.7849
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is an obstacle for cancer chemotherapy. It was reported that 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (hereafter Rg3) was able to regulate MDR in mouse leukemia cells. The present study investigated the effect of Rg3 on the MDR of A549 lung cancer cells. A cell viability assay revealed that Rg3 treatment increased cisplatin (DDP) cytotoxicity in DDP resistant A549 cells (A549/DDP). Furthermore, Rg3 increases the antitumor effect of DDP on A549/DDP xenograft mice. The expression of MDR‑mediated proteins, including P‑glycoprotein (P‑gp), multidrug resistance‑associated protein (MPR1) and lung resistance protein 1 (LPR1), was detected in tumor tissue of A549/DDP xenograft mice. The results revealed that Rg3 treatment inhibited the expression of these MDR‑associated proteins. Additionally, technetium‑99m labeled hexakis-2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc‑MIBI) single‑photon emission computed tomography was used to monitor the effect of Rg3 on cisplatin sensitivity of A549/DDP xenograft tumors. It was observed that uptake of 99mTc‑MIBI was increased by Rg3 treatment, which indicated that Rg3 is able to effectively enhance chemotherapy sensitivity of A549/DDP xenograft tumors. Taken together, these results revealed that Rg3 may be able to reverse MDR of lung cancer via the downregulation of P‑gp, MPR1 and LPR1.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Siegel R, Naishadham D and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin. 63:11–30. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

She J, Yang P, Hong Q and Bai C: Lung cancer in China: Challenges and interventions. Chest. 143:1117–1126. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Thatcher N and Heighway J: Maintenance and consolidation therapy in patients with unresectable stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer. Oncologist. 15:1034–1042. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Sereno M, Rodriguez-Esteban I, Gómez-Raposo C, Merino M, López-Gómez M, Zambrana F and Casado E: Lung cancer and peritoneal carcinomatosis. Oncol Lett. 6:705–708. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Hellmann MD, Li BT, Chaft JE and Kris MG: Chemotherapy remains an essential element of personalized care for persons with lung cancers. Ann Oncol. 27:1829–1835. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Wang J, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao L, Fan S, Yang Z, Gao F, Kong Y, Xiao GG and Wang Q: Expression of P-gp, MRP, LRP, GST-pi and TopoIIalpha and intrinsic resistance in human lung cancer cell lines. Oncol Rep. 26:1081–1089. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

7 

Wang XS, Zhang YJ, Liu XL, Zhou ZR, Hu CS and Eisbruch A: The role of technetium-99m methoxyisobutyl isonitrile scintigraphy in predicting the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy against nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer. 117:2435–2441. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Kim SS, Seong S and Kim SY: Synergistic effect of ginsenoside Rg3 with verapamil on the modulation of multidrug resistance in human acute myeloid leukemia cells. Oncol Lett. 7:1265–1269. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Kwon HY, Kim EH, Kim SW, Kim SN, Park JD and Rhee DK: Selective toxicity of ginsenoside Rg3 on multidrug resistant cells by membrane fluidity modulation. Arch Pharm Res. 31:171–177. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Sadava D and Kane SE: Silibinin reverses drug resistance in human small-cell lung carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett. 339:102–106. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Gottesman MM, Fojo T and Bates SE: Multidrug resistance in cancer: Role of ATP-dependent transporters. Nature Rev Cancer. 2:48–58. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Sharom FJ: The P-glycoprotein multidrug transporter. Essays Biochem. 50:161–178. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Polgar O and Bates SE: ABC transporters in the balance: Is there a role in multidrug resistance? Biochem Soc Trans. 33:241–245. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Steinbach D and Legrand O: ABC transporters and drug resistance in leukemia: Was P-gp nothing but the first head of the Hydra? Leukemia. 21:1172–1176. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Zhu WY, Hunag YY, Liu XG, He JY, Chen DD, Zeng F, Zhou JH and Zhang YK: Prognostic evaluation of CapG, gelsolin, P-gp, GSTP1 and Topo-II proteins in non-small cell lung cancer. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 295:208–214. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Borst P, Evers R, Kool M and Wijnholds J: A family of drug transporters: The multidrug resistance-associated proteins. J Natl Cancer Inst. 92:1295–1302. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Scheffer GL, Wijngaard PL, Flens MJ, Izquierdo MA, Slovak ML, Pinedo HM, Meijer CJ, Clevers HC and Scheper RJ: The drug resistance-related protein LRP is the human major vault protein. Nat Med. 1:578–582. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Attele AS, Wu JA and Yuan CS: Ginseng pharmacology: Multiple constituents and multiple actions. Biochem Pharmacol. 58:1685–1693. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Gillis CN: Panax ginseng pharmacology: A nitric oxide link? Biochem Pharmacol. 54:1–8. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Molnar J, Szabo D, Pusztai R, Mucsi I, Berek L, Ocsovszki I, Kawata E and Shoyama Y: Membrane associated antitumor effects of crocine-, ginsenoside- and cannabinoid derivates. Anticancer Res. 20:861–867. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Geng L, Fan J, Gao QL, Yu J and Hua BJ: Preliminary study for the roles and mechanisms of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 and PEG-PLGA-Rg3 nanoparticles in the Lewis lung cancer mice. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 48:496–501. 2016.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

22 

Zhang F, Li M, Wu X, Hu Y, Cao Y, Wang X, Xiang S, Li H, Jiang L, Tan Z, et al: 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 promotes senescence and apoptosis in gallbladder cancer cells via the p53 pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther. 9:3969–3987. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Cheong JH, Kim H, Hong MJ, Yang MH, Kim JW, Yoo H, Yang H, Park JH, Sung SH, Kim HP and Kim J: Stereoisomer-specific anticancer activities of ginsenoside Rg3 and Rh2 in HepG2 cells: Disparity in cytotoxicity and autophagy-inducing effects due to 20(S)-epimers. Biol Pharm Bull. 38:102–108. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Liu T, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Chen W, Liu D, Hou H, Ding L and Li X: Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 targets HIF-1α to block hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer cells. PLoS One. 9:e1038872014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Kim SW, Kwon HY, Chi DW, Shim JH, Park JD, Lee YH, Pyo S and Rhee DK: Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance by ginsenoside Rg (3). Biochem Pharmacol. 65:75–82. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Zhu W, Xu H, Zhu D, Zhi H, Wang T, Wang J, Jiang B, Shu Y and Liu P: miR-200bc/429 cluster modulates multidrug resistance of human cancer cell lines by targeting BCL2 and XIAP. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 69:723–731. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Yamaue H, Tanimura H, Noguchi K, Hotta T, Tani M, Tsunoda T, Iwahashi M, Tamai M and Iwakura S: Chemosensitivity testing of fresh human gastric cancer with highly purified tumour cells using the MTT assay. Br J Cancer. 66:794–799. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Loening AM and Gambhir SS: AMIDE: A free software tool for multimodality medical image analysis. Mol Imaging. 2:131–137. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Duan XY, Wang JS, Liu M and Guo YM: Technetium-99m-hexakis-2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile scintigraphy and multidrug resistance-related protein expression in human primary lung cancer. Ann Nucl Med. 22:49–55. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Wang H, Wang L, Song L, Zhang YW, Ye J, Xu RX, Shi N and Meng XM: TNNI3K is a novel mediator of myofilament function and phosphorylates cardiac troponin I. Braz J Med Biol Res. 46:128–137. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Wang L, Wang H, Ye J, Xu RX, Song L, Shi N, Zhang YW, Chen X and Meng XM: Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of cardiac troponin I-interacting kinase promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 38:278–284. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Gao Y, Li W, Liu X, Gao F and Zhao X: Reversing effect and mechanism of soluble resistance-related calcium-binding protein on multidrug resistance in human lung cancer A549/DDP cells. Mol Med Rep. 11:2118–2124. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Wang H, Chen Y, Lu XA, Liu G, Fu Y and Luo Y: Endostatin prevents dietary-induced obesity by inhibiting adipogenesis and angiogenesis. Diabetes. 64:2442–2456. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Zhou W and Christiani DC: East meets west: Ethnic differences in epidemiology and clinical behaviors of lung cancer between East Asians and caucasians. Chin J Cancer. 30:287–292. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Li K, Chen B, Xu L, Feng J, Xia G, Cheng J, Wang J, Gao F and Wang X: Reversal of multidrug resistance by cisplatin-loaded magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles in A549/DDP lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine. 8:1867–1877. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

37 

Yan LH, Wei WY, Cao WL, Zhang XS, Xie YB and Xiao Q: Overexpression of E2F1 in human gastric carcinoma is involved in anti-cancer drug resistance. BMC Cancer. 14:9042014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Kang JH, Lee SI, Lim DH, Park KW, Oh SY, Kwon HC, Hwang IG, Lee SC, Nam E, Shin DB, et al: Salvage chemotherapy for pretreated gastric cancer: A randomized phase III trial comparing chemotherapy plus best supportive care with best supportive care alone. J Clin Oncol. 30:1513–1518. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Montagnani F, Turrisi G, Marinozzi C, Aliberti C and Fiorentini G: Effectiveness and safety of oxaliplatin compared to cisplatin for advanced, unresectable gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastric Cancer. 14:50–55. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Ohe Y, Ohashi Y, Kubota K, Tamura T, Nakagawa K, Negoro S, Nishiwaki Y, Saijo N, Ariyoshi Y and Fukuoka M: Randomized phase III study of cisplatin plus irinotecan versus carboplatin plus paclitaxel, cisplatin plus gemcitabine and cisplatin plus vinorelbine for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: Four-Arm cooperative study in Japan. Ann Oncol. 18:317–323. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Chung AS, Wu X, Zhuang G, Ngu H, Kasman I, Zhang J, Vernes JM, Jiang Z, Meng YG, Peale FV, et al: An interleukin-17-mediated paracrine network promotes tumor resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. Nat Med. 19:1114–1123. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Kawakami M, Nakamura T, Okamura N, Komoto C, Markova S, Kobayashi H, Hashimoto N, Okumura K and Sakaeda T: Knock-down of sorcin induces up-regulation of MDR1 in HeLa cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 30:1065–1073. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Akazawa Y, Kawaguchi H, Funahashi M, Watanabe Y, Yamaoka K, Hashida M and Takakura Y: Effect of interferons on P-glycoprotein-mediated rhodamine-123 efflux in cultured rat hepatocytes. J Pharm Sci. 91:2110–2115. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Toner AP, McLaughlin F, Giles FJ, Sullivan FJ, O'Connell E, Carleton LA, Breen L, Dunne G, Gorman AM, Lewis JD and Glynn SA: The novel toluidine sulphonamide EL102 shows pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo activity against prostate cancer and circumvents MDR1 resistance. Br J Cancer. 109:2131–2141. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Tajitsu Y, Ikeda R, Nishizawa Y, Mataki H, Che XF, Sumizawa T, Nitta M, Yamaguchi T, Yamamoto M, Tabata S, et al: Molecular basis for the expression of major vault protein induced by hyperosmotic stress in SW620 human colon cancer cells. Int J Mol Med. 32:703–708. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Keppler D: Multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs, ABCCs): Importance for pathophysiology and drug therapy. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 1–323. 2011.

47 

Tognon G, Bernasconi S, Celli N, Faircloth GT, Cuevas C, Jimeno J, Erba E and D'Incalci M: Induction of resistance to Aplidin in a human ovarian cancer cell line related to MDR expression. Cancer Biol Ther. 4:1325–1330. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Jin L, Xu M, Luo XH and Zhu XF: Stephania tetrandra and ginseng-containing chinese herbal formulation NSENL reverses cisplatin resistance in lung cancer xenografts. Am J Chin Med. 45:385–401. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Mubashar M, Harrington KJ, Chaudhary KS, Lalani el-N, Stamp GW, Sinnett D, Glass DM and Peters AM: 99mTc-sestamibi imaging in the assessment of toremifene as a modulator of multidrug resistance in patients with breast cancer. J Nucl Med. 43:519–525. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

50 

Saggiorato E, Angusti T, Rosas R, Martinese M, Finessi M, Arecco F, Trevisiol E, Bergero N, Puligheddu B, Volante M, et al: 99mTc-MIBI imaging in the presurgical characterization of thyroid follicular neoplasms: Relationship to multidrug resistance protein expression. J Nucl Med. 50:1785–1793. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Piwnica-Worms D, Chiu ML, Budding M, Kronauge JF, Kramer RA and Croop JM: Functional imaging of multidrug-resistant P-glycoprotein with an organotechnetium complex. Cancer Res. 53:977–984. 1993.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Liu C, Gong Q, Chen T, Lv J, Feng Z, Liu P and Deng Z: Treatment with 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 reverses multidrug resistance in A549/DDP xenograft tumors. Oncol Lett 15: 4376-4382, 2018.
APA
Liu, C., Gong, Q., Chen, T., Lv, J., Feng, Z., Liu, P., & Deng, Z. (2018). Treatment with 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 reverses multidrug resistance in A549/DDP xenograft tumors. Oncology Letters, 15, 4376-4382. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.7849
MLA
Liu, C., Gong, Q., Chen, T., Lv, J., Feng, Z., Liu, P., Deng, Z."Treatment with 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 reverses multidrug resistance in A549/DDP xenograft tumors". Oncology Letters 15.4 (2018): 4376-4382.
Chicago
Liu, C., Gong, Q., Chen, T., Lv, J., Feng, Z., Liu, P., Deng, Z."Treatment with 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 reverses multidrug resistance in A549/DDP xenograft tumors". Oncology Letters 15, no. 4 (2018): 4376-4382. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.7849
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Liu C, Gong Q, Chen T, Lv J, Feng Z, Liu P and Deng Z: Treatment with 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 reverses multidrug resistance in A549/DDP xenograft tumors. Oncol Lett 15: 4376-4382, 2018.
APA
Liu, C., Gong, Q., Chen, T., Lv, J., Feng, Z., Liu, P., & Deng, Z. (2018). Treatment with 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 reverses multidrug resistance in A549/DDP xenograft tumors. Oncology Letters, 15, 4376-4382. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.7849
MLA
Liu, C., Gong, Q., Chen, T., Lv, J., Feng, Z., Liu, P., Deng, Z."Treatment with 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 reverses multidrug resistance in A549/DDP xenograft tumors". Oncology Letters 15.4 (2018): 4376-4382.
Chicago
Liu, C., Gong, Q., Chen, T., Lv, J., Feng, Z., Liu, P., Deng, Z."Treatment with 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 reverses multidrug resistance in A549/DDP xenograft tumors". Oncology Letters 15, no. 4 (2018): 4376-4382. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.7849
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team