Role of exosomes in pancreatic cancer (Review)
- Authors:
- Yunmeng Yan
- Guangzhen Fu
- Liang Ming
-
Affiliations: Department of Clinical Laboratory and Key Clinical Laboratory of The Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China - Published online on: March 26, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8348
- Pages: 7479-7488
-
Copyright: © Yan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
This article is mentioned in:
Abstract
 |
 |
|
Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2016. CA Cancer J Clin. 66:7–30. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Iacobuzio-Donahue CA: Genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer: Lessons learnt from the pancreatic cancer genome sequencing project. GUT. 61:1085–1094. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Yachida S, Jones S, Bozic I, Antal T, Leary R, Fu B, Kamiyama M, Hruban RH, Eshleman JR, Nowak MA, et al: Distant metastasis occurs late during the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer. Nature. 467:1114–1117. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
György B, Szabó TG, Pásztói M, Pál Z, Misják P, Aradi B, László V, Pállinger E, Pap E, Kittel A, et al: Membrane vesicles, current state-of-the-art: Emerging role of extracellular vesicles. Cell Mol Life Sci. 68:2667–2688. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Simons M and Raposo G: Exosomes-vesicular carriers for intercellular communication. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 21:575–581. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Cocucci E and Meldolesi J: Ectosomes and exosomes: Shedding the confusion between extracellular vesicles. Trends Cell Biol. 25:364–372. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Cocucci E and Meldolesi J: Ectosomes. Curr Biol. 21:R940–R941. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Costa-Silva B, Aiello NM, Ocean AJ, Singh S, Zhang H, Thakur BK, Becker A, Hoshino A, Mark MT, Molina H, et al: Pancreatic cancer exosomes initiate pre-metastatic niche formation in the liver. Nat Cell Biol. 17:816–826. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Christianson HC, Svensson KJ, van Kuppevelt TH, Li JP and Belting M: Cancer cell exosomes depend on cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans for their internalization and functional activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 110:17380–17385. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Miyanishi M, Tada K, Koike M, Uchiyama Y, Kitamura T and Nagata S: Identification of Tim4 as a phosphatidylserine receptor. Nature. 450:435–439. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Hoshino A, Costa-Silva B, Shen TL, Rodrigues G, Hashimoto A, Mark Tesic M, Molina H, Kohsaka S, Di Giannatale A, Ceder S, et al: Tumour exosome integrins determine organotropic metastasis. Nature. 527:329–335. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Nazarenko I, Rana S, Baumann A, McAlear J, Hellwig A, Trendelenburg M, Lochnit G, Preissner KT and Zöller M: Cell surface tetraspanin Tspan8 contributes to molecular pathways of exosome-induced endothelial cell activation. Cancer Res. 70:1668–1678. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Zöller M: Exosomes in cancer disease. Methods Mol Biol. 1381:111–149. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Li Y, Zheng Q, Bao C, Li S, Guo W, Zhao J, Chen D, Gu J, He X and Huang S: Circular RNA is enriched and stable in exosomes: A promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis. Cell Res. 25:981–984. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Ge Q, Zhou Y, Lu J, Bai Y, Xie X and Lu Z: miRNA in plasma exosome is stable under different storage conditions. Molecules. 19:1568–1575. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Subra C, Grand D, Laulagnier K, Stella A, Lambeau G, Paillasse M, De Medina P, Monsarrat B, Perret B, Silvente-Poirot S, et al: Exosomes account for vesicle-mediated transcellular transport of activatable phospholipases and prostaglandins. J Lipid Res. 51:2105–2120. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Beloribi S, Ristorcelli E, Breuzard G, Silvy F, Bertrand-Michel J, Beraud E, Verine A and Lombardo D: Exosomal lipids impact notch signaling and induce death of human pancreatic tumoral SOJ-6 cells. PLoS One. 7:e474802012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Beloribi-Djefaflia S, Siret C and Lombardo D: Exosomal lipids induce human pancreatic tumoral MiaPaCa-2 cells resistance through the CXCR4-SDF-1α signaling axis. Oncoscience. 2:15–30. 2014.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Llorente A, Skotland T, Sylvänne T, Kauhanen D, Róg T, Orłowski A, Vattulainen I, Ekroos K and Sandvig K: Molecular lipidomics of exosomes released by PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1831:1302–1309. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Minciacchi VR, You S, Spinelli C, Morley S, Zandian M, Aspuria PJ, Cavallini L, Ciardiello C, Sobreiro Reis M, Morello M, et al: Large oncosomes contain distinct protein cargo and represent a separate functional class of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles. Oncotarget. 6:11327–11341. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Keerthikumar S, Gangoda L, Liem M, Fonseka P, Atukorala I, Ozcitti C, Mechler A, Adda CG, Ang CS and Mathivanan S: Proteogenomic analysis reveals exosomes are more oncogenic than ectosomes. Oncotarget. 6:15375–15396. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Lötvall J, Hill AF, Hochberg F, Buzás EI, Di Vizio D, Gardiner C, Gho YS, Kurochkin IV, Mathivanan S, Quesenberry P, et al: Minimal experimental requirements for definition of extracellular vesicles and their functions: A position statement from the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles. 3:269132014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Zöller M: Tetraspanins: Push and pull in suppressing and promoting metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer. 9:40–55. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Pols MS and Klumperman J: Trafficking and function of the tetraspanin CD63. Exp Cell Res. 315:1584–1592. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Yue S, Mu W, Erb U and Zöller M: The tetraspanins CD151 and Tspan8 are essential exosome components for the crosstalk between cancer initiating cells and their surrounding. Oncotarget. 6:2366–2384. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Henderson MC and Azorsa DO: The genomic and proteomic content of cancer cell-derived exosomes. Front Oncol. 2:382012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Raimondo F, Morosi L, Chinello C, Magni F and Pitto M: Advances in membranous vesicle and exosome proteomics improving biological understanding and biomarker discovery. Proteomics. 11:709–720. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Runz S, Keller S, Rupp C, Stoeck A, Issa Y, Koensgen D, Mustea A, Sehouli J, Kristiansen G and Altevogt P: Malignant ascites-derived exosomes of ovarian carcinoma patients contain CD24 and EpCAM. Gynecol Oncol. 107:563–571. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Al-Nedawi K, Meehan B, Micallef J, Lhotak V, May L, Guha A and Rak J: Intercellular transfer of the oncogenic receptor EGFRvIII by microvesicles derived from tumour cells. Nat Cell Biol. 10:619–624. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Corcoran C, Rani S, O'Brien K, O'Neill A, Prencipe M, Sheikh R, Webb G, McDermott R, Watson W, Crown J and O'Driscoll L: Docetaxel-resistance in prostate cancer: Evaluating associated phenotypic changes and potential for resistance transfer via exosomes. PLoS One. 7:e509992012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Beckler Demory M, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Ham AJ, Halvey PJ, Imasuen IE, Whitwell C, Li M, Liebler DC and Coffey RJ: Proteomic analysis of exosomes from mutant KRAS colon cancer cells identifies intercellular transfer of mutant KRAS. Mol Cell Proteomics. 12:343–355. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Ji H, Greening DW, Barnes TW, Lim JW, Tauro BJ, Rai A, Xu R, Adda C, Mathivanan S, Zhao W, et al: Proteome profiling of exosomes derived from human primary and metastatic colorectal cancer cells reveal differential expression of key metastatic factors and signal transduction components. Proteomics. 13:1672–1686. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Park JA, Sharif AS, Tschumperlin DJ, Lau L, Limbrey R, Howarth P and Drazen JM: Tissue factor-bearing exosome secretion from human mechanically stimulated bronchial epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 130:1375–1383. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Adamczyk KA, Klein-Scory S, Tehrani MM, Warnken U, Schmiegel W, Schnölzer M and Schwarte-Waldhoff I: Characterization of soluble and exosomal forms of the EGFR released from pancreatic cancer cells. Life Sci. 89:304–312. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Salido-Guadarrama I, Romero-Cordoba S, Peralta-Zaragoza O, Hidalgo-Miranda A and Rodríguez-Dorantes M: MicroRNAs transported by exosomes in body fluids as mediators of intercellular communication in cancer. Onco Targets Ther. 7:1327–1338. 2014.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Balaj L, Lessard R, Dai L, Cho YJ, Pomeroy SL, Breakefield XO and Skog J: Tumour microvesicles contain retrotransposon elements and amplified oncogene sequences. Nat Commun. 2:1802011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Gibbings DJ, Ciaudo C, Erhardt M and Voinnet O: Multivesicular bodies associate with components of miRNA effector complexes and modulate miRNA activity. Nat Cell Biol. 11:1143–1149. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Medina PP, Nolde M and Slack FJ: OncomiR addiction in an in vivo model of microRNA-21-induced pre-B-cell lymphoma. Nature. 467:86–90. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Garzon R, Calin GA and Croce CM: MicroRNAs in cancer. Annu Rev Med. 60:167–179. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Costinean S, Zanesi N, Pekarsky Y, Tili E, Volinia S, Heerema N and Croce CM: Pre-B cell proliferation and lymphoblastic leukemia/high-grade lymphoma in E(mu)-miR155 transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 103:7024–7029. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Mikamori M, Yamada D, Eguchi H, Hasegawa S, Kishimoto T, Tomimaru Y, Asaoka T, Noda T, Wada H, Kawamoto K, et al: MicroRNA-155 controls exosome synthesis and promotes gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep. 7:423392017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Park SM, Gaur AB, Lengyel E and Peter ME: The miR-200 family determines the epithelial phenotype of cancer cells by targeting the E-cadherin repressors ZEB1 and ZEB2. Genes Dev. 22:894–907. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Manier S, Liu CJ, Avet-Loiseau H, Park J, Shi J, Campigotto F, Salem KZ, Huynh D, Glavey SV, Rivotto B, et al: Prognostic role of circulating exosomal miRNAs in multiple myeloma. Blood. 129:2429–2436. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Cortez MA, Bueso-Ramos C, Ferdin J, Lopez-Berestein G, Sood AK and Calin GA: MicroRNAs in body fluids-the mix of hormones and biomarkers. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 8:467–477. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Boeri M, Verri C, Conte D, Roz L, Modena P, Facchinetti F, Calabrò E, Croce CM, Pastorino U and Sozzi G: MicroRNA signatures in tissues and plasma predict development and prognosis of computed tomography detected lung cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 108:3713–3718. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Hansen TB, Jensen TI, Clausen BH, Bramsen JB, Finsen B, Damgaard CK and Kjems J: Natural RNA circles function as efficient microRNA sponges. Nature. 495:384–388. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Memczak S, Jens M, Elefsinioti A, Torti F, Krueger J, Rybak A, Maier L, Mackowiak SD, Gregersen LH, Munschauer M, et al: Circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency. Nature. 495:333–338. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Li Q, Shao Y, Zhang X, Zheng T, Miao M, Qin L, Wang B, Ye G, Xiao B and Guo J: Plasma long noncoding RNA protected by exosomes as a potential stable biomarker for gastric cancer. Tumour Biol. 36:2007–2012. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Takahashi K, Yan IK, Kogure T, Haga H and Patel T: Extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of long non-coding RNA ROR modulates chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular cancer. FEBS Open Bio. 4:458–467. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Mohme M, Riethdorf S and Pantel K: Circulating and disseminated tumour cells-mechanisms of immune surveillance and escape. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 14:155–167. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Yu S, Cao H, Shen B and Feng J: Tumor-derived exosomes in cancer progression and treatment failure. Oncotarget. 6:37151–37168. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Nguyen DX, Bos PD and Massagué J: Metastasis: From dissemination to organ-specific colonization. Nat Rev Cancer. 9:274–284. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Melo SA, Sugimoto H, O'Connell JT, Kato N, Villanueva A, Vidal A, Qiu L, Vitkin E, Perelman LT, Melo CA, et al: Cancer exosomes perform cell-independent microRNA biogenesis and promote tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell. 26:707–721. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Abd Elmageed ZY, Yang Y, Thomas R, Ranjan M, Mondal D, Moroz K, Fang Z, Rezk BM, Moparty K, Sikka SC, et al: Neoplastic reprogramming of patient-derived adipose stem cells by prostate cancer cell-associated exosomes. Stem Cells. 32:983–997. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Falasca M, Kim M and Casari I: Pancreatic cancer: Current research and future directions. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1865:123–132. 2016.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Zhang X, Yuan X, Shi H, Wu L, Qian H and Xu W: Exosomes in cancer: Small particle, big player. J Hematol Oncol. 8:832015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Hong BS, Cho JH, Kim H, Choi EJ, Rho S, Kim J, Kim JH, Choi DS, Kim YK, Hwang D and Gho YS: Colorectal cancer cell-derived microvesicles are enriched in cell cycle-related mRNAs that promote proliferation of endothelial cells. BMC Genomics. 10:5562009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Le MT, Hamar P, Guo C, Basar E, Perdigão-Henriques R, Balaj L and Lieberman J: miR-200-containing extracellular vesicles promote breast cancer cell metastasis. J Clin Invest. 124:5109–5128. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Qu JL, Qu XJ, Zhao MF, Teng YE, Zhang Y, Hou KZ, Jiang YH, Yang XH and Liu YP: Gastric cancer exosomes promote tumour cell proliferation through PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK activation. Dig Liver Dis. 41:875–880. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Takikawa T, Masamune A, Yoshida N, Hamada S, Kogure T and Shimosegawa T: Exosomes derived from pancreatic stellate cells: MicroRNA signature and effects on pancreatic cancer cells. Pancreas. 46:19–27. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
An M, Lohse I, Tan Z, Zhu J, Wu J, Kurapati H, Morgan MA, Lawrence TS, Cuneo KC and Lubman DM: Quantitative proteomic analysis of serum exosomes from patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy. J Proteome Res. 16:1763–1772. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Liu Y, Gu Y and Cao X: The exosomes in tumor immunity. Oncoimmunology. 4:e10274722015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Zhou M, Chen J, Zhou L, Chen W, Ding G and Cao L: Pancreatic cancer derived exosomes regulate the expression of TLR4 in dendritic cells via miR-203. Cell Immunol. 292:65–69. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Ding G, Zhou L, Qian Y, Fu M, Chen J, Chen J, Xiang J, Wu Z, Jiang G and Cao L: Pancreatic cancer-derived exosomes transfer miRNAs to dendritic cells and inhibit RFXAP expression via miR-212-3p. Oncotarget. 6:29877–29888. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Wynn TA, Chawla A and Pollard JW: Macrophage biology in development, homeostasis and disease. Nature. 496:445–455. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Su MJ, Aldawsari H and Amiji M: Pancreatic cancer cell exosome-mediated macrophage reprogramming and the role of MicroRNAs 155 and 125b2 transfection using nanoparticle delivery systems. Sci Rep. 6:301102016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Katsiougiannis S, Chia D, Kim Y, Singh RP and Wong DT: Saliva exosomes from pancreatic tumor-bearing mice modulate NK cell phenotype and antitumor cytotoxicity. FASEB J. 31:998–1010. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Kamisawa T, Wood LD, Itoi T and Takaori K: Pancreatic cancer. Lancet. 388:73–85. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Sagar G, Sah RP, Javeed N, Dutta SK, Smyrk TC, Lau JS, Giorgadze N, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Chari ST and Mukhopadhyay D: Pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer exosome-induced lipolysis in adipose tissue. Gut. 65:1165–1174. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Javeed N, Sagar G, Dutta SK, Smyrk TC, Lau JS, Bhattacharya S, Truty M, Petersen GM, Kaufman RJ, Chari ST and Mukhopadhyay D: Pancreatic cancer-derived exosomes cause paraneoplastic β-cell dysfunction. Clin Cancer Res. 21:1722–1733. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Patel GK, Patton MC, Singh S, Khushman M and Singh AP: Pancreatic cancer exosomes: Shedding off for a meaningful journey. Pancreat Disord Ther. 6:e1482016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Oettle H, Post S, Neuhaus P, Gellert K, Langrehr J, Ridwelski K, Schramm H, Fahlke J, Zuelke C, Burkart C, et al: Adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine vs observation in patients undergoing curative-intent resection of pancreatic cancer: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 297:267–277. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Wei Y, Lai X, Yu S, Chen S, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhu X, Yao L and Zhang J: Exosomal miR-221/222 enhances tamoxifen resistance in recipient ER-positive breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 147:423–431. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Richards KE, Zeleniak AE, Fishel ML, Wu J, Littlepage LE and Hill R: Cancer-associated fibroblast exosomes regulate survival and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. Oncogene. 36:1770–1778. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Valenzuela Asuncion MM, Castro I, Gonda A, Osterman Diaz CJ, Jutzy JM, Aspe JR, Khan S, Neidigh JW and Wall NR: Cell death in response to antimetabolites directed at ribonucleotide reductase and thymidylate synthase. Onco Targets Ther. 8:495–507. 2015.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Valenzuela MM, Bennit Ferguson HR, Gonda A, Osterman Diaz CJ, Hibma A, Khan S and Wall NR: Exosomes secreted from human cancer cell lines contain Inhibitors of Apoptosis (IAP). Cancer Microenviron. 8:65–73. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Que R, Ding G, Chen J and Cao L: Analysis of serum exosomal microRNAs and clinicopathologic features of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. World J Surg Oncol. 11:2192013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Lu L and Risch HA: Exosomes: Potential for early detection in pancreatic cancer. Future Oncol. 12:1081–1090. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Joshi GK, Deitz-McElyea S, Liyanage T, Lawrence K, Mali S, Sardar R and Korc M: Label-Free nanoplasmonic-based short noncoding RNA sensing at attomolar concentrations allows for quantitative and highly specific assay of MicroRNA-10b in biological fluids and circulating exosomes. ACS Nano. 9:11075–11089. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Madhavan B, Yue S, Galli U, Rana S, Gross W, Müller M, Giese NA, Kalthoff H, Becker T, Büchler MW and Zöller M: Combined evaluation of a panel of protein and miRNA serum-exosome biomarkers for pancreatic cancer diagnosis increases sensitivity and specificity. Int J Cancer. 136:2616–2627. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Melo SA, Luecke LB, Kahlert C, Fernandez AF, Gammon ST, Kaye J, LeBleu VS, Mittendorf EA, Weitz J, Rahbari N, et al: Glypican-1 identifies cancer exosomes and detects early pancreatic cancer. Nature. 523:177–182. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Ben Q, Xu M, Ning X, Liu J, Hong S, Huang W, Zhang H and Li Z: Diabetes mellitus and risk of pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Cancer. 47:1928–1937. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Huxley R, Ansary-Moghaddam A, de González Berrington A, Barzi F and Woodward M: Type-II diabetes and pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis of 36 studies. Br J Cancer. 92:2076–2083. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Liu Y and Cao X: Organotropic metastasis: Role of tumor exosomes. Cell Res. 26:149–150. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI |
