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Review Open Access

Primary tumours of the calcaneus (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Litao Yan
    • Junwei Zong
    • Jin Chu
    • Wendong Wang
    • Mingshu Li
    • Xianfeng Wang
    • Mingzhi Song
    • Shouyu Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China, Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Yan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 8901-8914
    |
    Published online on: April 13, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8487
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Abstract

The calcaneus is a rare location for the occurrence and development of primary tumour types. Clinicians are unfamiliar with calcaneal tumour types, which may result in a delay in diagnosis or a missed diagnosis, resulting in unnecessary morbidity and amputation. Heel pain and localized swelling of the ankle are the most common symptoms. X‑ray is the first choice for a tentative diagnosis of a calcaneal tumour. The final diagnosis depends on a histological examination. The treatment of calcaneal tumour types varies depending on the Enneking system. The majority of patients with benign tumours heal, except for a few with a palindromia. For malignant tumours, the prognosis is comparatively poor, resulting in disability and a high rate of metastasis. This review describes the spectrum of calcaneal tumour types and specifically illustrates the epidemiology, symptomatology, imagology, histopathology and treatment options that may facilitate diagnosis and improve prognosis.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yan L, Zong J, Chu J, Wang W, Li M, Wang X, Song M and Wang S: Primary tumours of the calcaneus (Review). Oncol Lett 15: 8901-8914, 2018.
APA
Yan, L., Zong, J., Chu, J., Wang, W., Li, M., Wang, X. ... Wang, S. (2018). Primary tumours of the calcaneus (Review). Oncology Letters, 15, 8901-8914. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8487
MLA
Yan, L., Zong, J., Chu, J., Wang, W., Li, M., Wang, X., Song, M., Wang, S."Primary tumours of the calcaneus (Review)". Oncology Letters 15.6 (2018): 8901-8914.
Chicago
Yan, L., Zong, J., Chu, J., Wang, W., Li, M., Wang, X., Song, M., Wang, S."Primary tumours of the calcaneus (Review)". Oncology Letters 15, no. 6 (2018): 8901-8914. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8487
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yan L, Zong J, Chu J, Wang W, Li M, Wang X, Song M and Wang S: Primary tumours of the calcaneus (Review). Oncol Lett 15: 8901-8914, 2018.
APA
Yan, L., Zong, J., Chu, J., Wang, W., Li, M., Wang, X. ... Wang, S. (2018). Primary tumours of the calcaneus (Review). Oncology Letters, 15, 8901-8914. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8487
MLA
Yan, L., Zong, J., Chu, J., Wang, W., Li, M., Wang, X., Song, M., Wang, S."Primary tumours of the calcaneus (Review)". Oncology Letters 15.6 (2018): 8901-8914.
Chicago
Yan, L., Zong, J., Chu, J., Wang, W., Li, M., Wang, X., Song, M., Wang, S."Primary tumours of the calcaneus (Review)". Oncology Letters 15, no. 6 (2018): 8901-8914. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8487
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