Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
June-2018 Volume 15 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June-2018 Volume 15 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Predictive value of gene methylation for second recurrence following surgical treatment of first bladder recurrence of a primary upper‑tract urothelial carcinoma

  • Authors:
    • Bao Guan
    • Yunchao Xing
    • Gengyan Xiong
    • Zhenpeng Cao
    • Dong Fang
    • Yifan Li
    • Yonghao Zhan
    • Ding Peng
    • Libo Liu
    • Xuesong Li
    • Liqun Zhou
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
  • Pages: 9397-9405
    |
    Published online on: April 13, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8498
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The clinical relevance of aberrant DNA promoter methylation is being increasingly recognized in urothelial carcinoma. The present study was conducted to explore the methylation status of patients with upper‑tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) who experienced bladder recurrence, and to evaluate the predictive value of gene methylation for second bladder recurrence and tumor progression. A total of 85 patients with primary UTUC, who experienced bladder recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy, were enrolled between January 2001 and December 2013. Using methylation‑sensitive polymerase chain reaction, the promoter methylation statuses of 10 genes were analyzed in the bladder tumor specimens. Among the patient group, 32 patients experienced second bladder recurrence, and bladder progression was detected in 16. With the exception of BRCA1, the methylation rate of the majority of genes tended to gradually increase to varying extents with the number of recurrences; a smaller proportion of primary tumors exhibited gene methylation when compared with the first recurrent tumors and second recurrent tumors. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that unmethylated GDF15 [hazard ratio (HR)=0.36; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14‑0.92] and methylated VIM (HR=2.91; 95% CI, 1.11‑7.61) in the first recurrent bladder tumor, as well as male gender (HR=2.28; 95% CI, 1.06‑4.87), first recurrence interval <8 months (HR=2.34; 95% CI, 1.15‑4.78) and primary UTUC tumor size ≥5 cm (HR=3.48; 95% CI, 1.43‑8.45) were independent risk factors for a second bladder recurrence after surgery for the first bladder recurrence; the Harrell's concordance index (c‑index) for the related nomogram was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.61‑0.81). Furthermore, methylated CDH1 (HR=2.91; 95% CI, 1.08‑7.77) and VIM (HR=4.91; 95% CI, 1.11‑21.7) in the first recurrent bladder tumor, male gender (HR=3.6; 95% CI, 1.1‑11.73), and primary tumor stage T2‑T4 (HR=4.57; 95% CI, 1.22‑17.13), multifocality (HR=3.64; 95% CI, 1.19‑11.16) and size ≥5 cm (HR=3.1; 95% CI, 1.91‑10.54) for the primary UTUC were considered to be predictors of tumor progression; the c‑index for the nomogram was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.69‑0.92). The present findings demonstrated that promoter methylation of cancer‑related genes was frequently observed in patients with urothelial carcinoma, and that the gene methylation rate of certain genes tended to gradually increase with the number of bladder recurrences. This may be used as a predictive factor for a second bladder recurrence and tumor progression after the surgical treatment of the first bladder recurrence.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Rouprêt M, Babjuk M, Compérat E, Zigeuner R, Sylvester R, Burger M, Cowan N, Böhle A, Van Rhijn BW, Kaasinen E, et al: European guidelines on upper tract urothelial carcinomas: 2013 update. Eur Urol. 63:1059–1071. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin. 65:5–29. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Kauffman EC and Raman JD: Bladder cancer following upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 8:75–85. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Ku JH, Choi WS, Kwak C and Kim HH: Bladder cancer after nephroureterectomy in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Urol Oncol. 29:383–387. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Liu YQ, Lu J, Zhao L, Hou XF and Ma LL: Prognostic factors for intravesical recurrence after surgery for upper tract urothelial carcinoma in renal transplant recipients. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. 47:605–610. 2015.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

6 

Rouprêt M, Babjuk M, Compêrat E, Zigeuner R, Sylvester RJ, Burger M, Cowan NC, Böhle A, Van Rhijn BW, Kaasinen E, et al: European association of urology guidelines on upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma: 2015 Update. Eur Urol. 68:868–879. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Yamashita S, Ito A, Mitsuzuka K, Tochigi T, Namima T, Soma F, Aizawa M, Ioritani N, Kaiho Y and Arai Y: Clinical implications of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Int J Urol. 23:378–384. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Kulis M and Esteller M: DNA methylation and cancer. Adv Genet. 70:27–56. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

9 

Mikeska T, Bock C, Do H and Dobrovic A: DNA methylation biomarkers in cancer: Progress towards clinical implementation. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 12:473–487. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Andres G, Ashour N, Sanchez-Chapado M, Ropero S and Angulo JC: The study of DNA methylation in urological cancer: Present and future. Actas Urol Esp. 37:368–375. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Xiong G, Liu J, Tang Q, Fan Y, Fang D, Yang K, Xie F, Zhang M, Zhang L, Liu L, et al: Prognostic and predictive value of epigenetic biomarkers and clinical factors in upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Epigenomics. 7:733–744. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Epstein JI, Amin MB and Reuter VR: The World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology consensus classification of urothelial (transitional cell) neoplasms of the urinary bladder. Bladder Consensus Conference Committee. Am J Surg Pathol. 22:1435–1448. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Casadio V, Molinari C, Calistri D, Tebaldi M, Gunelli R, Serra L, Falcini F, Zingaretti C, Silvestrini R, Amadori D and Zoli W: DNA methylation profiles as predictors of recurrence in non muscle invasive bladder cancer: An MS-MLPA approach. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 32:942013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Catto JW, Azzouzi AR, Rehman I, Feeley KM, Cross SS, Amira N, Fromont G, Sibony M, Cussenot O, Meuth M and Hamdy FC: Promoter hypermethylation is associated with tumor location, stage and subsequent progression in transitional cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 23:2903–2910. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Maruyama R, Toyooka S, Toyooka KO, Harada K, Virmani AK, Zöchbauer-Müller S, Farinas AJ, Vakar-Lopez F, Minna JD, Sagalowsky A, et al: Aberrant promoter methylation profile of bladder cancer and its relationship to clinicopathological features. Cancer Res. 61:8659–8663. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Yu J, Zhu T, Wang Z, Zhang H, Qian Z, Xu H, Gao B, Wang W, Gu L, Meng J, et al: A novel set of DNA methylation markers in urine sediments for sensitive/specific detection of bladder cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 13:7296–7304. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Yates DR, Hupertan V, Colin P, Ouzzane A, Descazeaud A, Long JA, Pignot G, Crouzet S, Rozet F, Neuzillet Y, et al: Cancer-specific survival after radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: Proposal and multi-institutional validation of a post-operative nomogram. Br J Cancer. 106:1083–1088. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Seisen T, Colin P, Hupertan V, Yates DR, Xylinas E, Nison L, Cussenot O, Neuzillet Y, Bensalah K, Novara G, et al: Postoperative nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival after radical nephroureterectomy in patients with localised and/or locally advanced upper tract urothelial carcinoma without metastasis. BJU Int. 114:733–740. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Rouprêt M, Hupertan V, Seisen T, Colin P, Xylinas E, Yates DR, Fajkovic H, Lotan Y, Raman JD, Zigeuner R, et al: Prediction of cancer specific survival after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: Development of an optimized postoperative nomogram using decision curve analysis. J Urol. 189:1662–1669. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Ku JH, Moon KC, Jung JH, Jeong SH, Kwak C and Kim HH: External validation of an online nomogram in patients undergoing radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 109:1130–1136. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Hagiwara M, Kikuchi E, Tanaka N, Matsumoto K, Ide H, Miyajima A, Masuda T, Nakamura S and Oya M: Impact of smoking status on bladder tumor recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. J Urol. 189:2062–2068. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Kusuda Y, Miyake H, Terakawa T, Kondo Y, Miura T and Fujisawa M: Gender as a significant predictor of intravesical recurrence in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract following nephroureterectomy. Urol Oncol. 31:899–903. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Xylinas E, Colin P, Audenet F, Phe V, Cormier L, Cussenot O, Houlgatte A, Karsenty G, Bruyère F, Polguer T, et al: Intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinomas: Predictors and impact on subsequent oncological outcomes from a national multicenter study. World J Urol. 31:61–68. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Hamidi T, Singh AK and Chen T: Genetic alterations of DNA methylation machinery in human diseases. Epigenomics. 7:247–265. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Costa VL, Henrique R, Danielsen SA, Duarte-Pereira S, Eknaes M, Skotheim RI, Rodrigues A, Magalhães JS, Oliveira J, Lothe RA, et al: Three epigenetic biomarkers, GDF15, TMEFF2 and VIM, accurately predict bladder cancer from DNA-based analyses of urine samples. Clin Cancer Res. 16:5842–5851. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Besaratinia A, Cockburn M and Tommasi S: Alterations of DNA methylome in human bladder cancer. Epigenetics. 8:1013–1022. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Kandimalla R, van Tilborg AA and Zwarthoff EC: DNA methylation-based biomarkers in bladder cancer. Nat Rev Urol. 10:327–335. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Habuchi T, Takahashi R, Yamada H, Kakehi Y, Sugiyama T and Yoshida O: Metachronous multifocal development of urothelial cancers by intraluminal seeding. Lancet. 342:1087–1088. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Habuchi T: Origin of multifocal carcinomas of the bladder and upper urinary tract: Molecular analysis and clinical implications. Int J Urol. 12:709–716. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Huo Y, Zheng Z, Chen Y, Wang Q, Zhang Z and Deng H: Downregulation of vimentin expression increased drug resistance in ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget. 7:45876–45888. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Monteiro-Reis S, Leca L, Almeida M, Antunes L, Monteiro P, Dias PC, Morais A, Oliveira J, Henrique R and Jerónimo C: Accurate detection of upper tract urothelial carcinoma in tissue and urine by means of quantitative GDF15, TMEFF2 and VIM promoter methylation. Eur J Cancer. 50:226–233. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Nowakowska M, Matysiak-Burzynska Z, Kowalska K, Pluciennik E, Dominska K and Piastowska-Ciesielska AW: Angiotensin II promotes endometrial cancer cell survival. Oncol Rep. 36:1101–1110. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Wen L, Li J, Guo H, Liu X, Zheng S, Zhang D, Zhu W, Qu J, Guo L, Du D, et al: Genome-scale detection of hypermethylated CpG islands in circulating cell-free DNA of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Cell Res. 25:1250–1264. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Zuo J, Wen J, Lei M, Wen M, Li S, Lv X, Luo Z and Wen G: Hypoxia promotes the invasion and metastasis of laryngeal cancer cells via EMT. Med Oncol. 33:152016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Miranda E, Bianchi P, Destro A, Morenghi E, Malesci A, Santoro A, Laghi L and Roncalli M: Genetic and epigenetic alterations in primary colorectal cancers and related lymph node and liver metastases. Cancer. 119:266–276. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Kim SA, Inamura K, Yamauchi M, Nishihara R, Mima K, Sukawa Y, Li T, Yasunari M, Morikawa T, Fitzgerald KC, et al: Loss of CDH1 (E-cadherin) expression is associated with infiltrative tumour growth and lymph node metastasis. Br J Cancer. 114:199–206. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Huang R, Ding P and Yang F: Clinicopathological significance and potential drug target of CDH1 in breast cancer: A meta-analysis and literature review. Drug Des Devel Ther. 9:5277–5285. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

38 

Abe T, Shinohara N, Harabayashi T, Sazawa A, Akino T, Ishikawa S, Kubota K, Matsuno Y, Osawa T, Shibata T, et al: Pathological characteristics and clinical course of bladder tumour developing after nephroureterectomy. BJU Int. 105:1102–1106. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Tanaka N, Kikuchi E, Kanao K, Matsumoto K, Shirotake S, Kobayashi H, Miyazaki Y, Ide H, Obata J, Hoshino K, et al: Independent predictors for bladder outcomes after treatment of intravesical recurrence following radical nephroureterectomy in patients with primary upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 21:3151–3158. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Guan B, Xing Y, Xiong G, Cao Z, Fang D, Li Y, Zhan Y, Peng D, Liu L, Li X, Li X, et al: Predictive value of gene methylation for second recurrence following surgical treatment of first bladder recurrence of a primary upper‑tract urothelial carcinoma. Oncol Lett 15: 9397-9405, 2018.
APA
Guan, B., Xing, Y., Xiong, G., Cao, Z., Fang, D., Li, Y. ... Zhou, L. (2018). Predictive value of gene methylation for second recurrence following surgical treatment of first bladder recurrence of a primary upper‑tract urothelial carcinoma. Oncology Letters, 15, 9397-9405. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8498
MLA
Guan, B., Xing, Y., Xiong, G., Cao, Z., Fang, D., Li, Y., Zhan, Y., Peng, D., Liu, L., Li, X., Zhou, L."Predictive value of gene methylation for second recurrence following surgical treatment of first bladder recurrence of a primary upper‑tract urothelial carcinoma". Oncology Letters 15.6 (2018): 9397-9405.
Chicago
Guan, B., Xing, Y., Xiong, G., Cao, Z., Fang, D., Li, Y., Zhan, Y., Peng, D., Liu, L., Li, X., Zhou, L."Predictive value of gene methylation for second recurrence following surgical treatment of first bladder recurrence of a primary upper‑tract urothelial carcinoma". Oncology Letters 15, no. 6 (2018): 9397-9405. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8498
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Guan B, Xing Y, Xiong G, Cao Z, Fang D, Li Y, Zhan Y, Peng D, Liu L, Li X, Li X, et al: Predictive value of gene methylation for second recurrence following surgical treatment of first bladder recurrence of a primary upper‑tract urothelial carcinoma. Oncol Lett 15: 9397-9405, 2018.
APA
Guan, B., Xing, Y., Xiong, G., Cao, Z., Fang, D., Li, Y. ... Zhou, L. (2018). Predictive value of gene methylation for second recurrence following surgical treatment of first bladder recurrence of a primary upper‑tract urothelial carcinoma. Oncology Letters, 15, 9397-9405. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8498
MLA
Guan, B., Xing, Y., Xiong, G., Cao, Z., Fang, D., Li, Y., Zhan, Y., Peng, D., Liu, L., Li, X., Zhou, L."Predictive value of gene methylation for second recurrence following surgical treatment of first bladder recurrence of a primary upper‑tract urothelial carcinoma". Oncology Letters 15.6 (2018): 9397-9405.
Chicago
Guan, B., Xing, Y., Xiong, G., Cao, Z., Fang, D., Li, Y., Zhan, Y., Peng, D., Liu, L., Li, X., Zhou, L."Predictive value of gene methylation for second recurrence following surgical treatment of first bladder recurrence of a primary upper‑tract urothelial carcinoma". Oncology Letters 15, no. 6 (2018): 9397-9405. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8498
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team