Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
June-2018 Volume 15 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June-2018 Volume 15 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Activation of the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway contributes to the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma via upregulation of IL‑23 and IL‑17A

  • Authors:
    • Yuming Kang
    • Guoai Su
    • Jianmin Sun
    • Yanli Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China, Department of Internal Medicine, The Army General Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100700, P.R. China, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Kang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 9647-9654
    |
    Published online on: April 26, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8586
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the interleukin (IL)‑23/IL‑17A axis serve an important role in tumor immunology. In the present study, the activation of the TLR4/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)‑mediated signal transduction pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells was examined using immunohistochemistry, and the association between TLR4 expression and the IL‑23/IL‑17A axis was detected by ELISA, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis in order to determine whether TLR4 and IL‑23/IL‑17A serve a role in HCC. It was observed that TLR4 expression was upregulated in HCC tissues compared with that in adjacent normal tissues. In addition, the TLR4 expression level was correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation and TNM stage. The expression levels of IL‑17A and IL‑23, which are key mediators of inflammation that contribute to carcinogenesis, are correlated with TLR4 expression in HCC. Cell line studies further revealed that activation of TLR4/MyD88 upregulated the expression of IL‑17A and IL‑23 at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, activation of TLR4/MyD88 enhanced the expression of TLR4. IL‑17A and IL‑23 expression levels in HCC also appeared to be correlated with the TNM stage and tumor metastasis. In conclusion, the current results suggested that the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway is involved in HCC cell proliferation and metastasis via regulation of the IL‑23/IL‑17A axis; thus, the TLR4/IL‑23/IL‑17A pathway may represent a novel therapeutic target in HCC.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Eiró N, Altadill A, Juárez LM, Rodríguez M, González LO, Atienza S, Bermúdez S, Fernandez-Garcia B, Fresno-Forcelledo MF, Rodrigo L and Vizoso FJ: Toll-like receptors 3, 4 and 9 in hepatocellular carcinoma: Relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. Hepatol Res. 44:769–778. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Shlomai A, de Jong YP and Rice CM: Virus associated malignancies: The role of viral hepatitis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol. 26:78–88. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Vescovo T, Refolo G, Vitagliano G, Fimia GM and Piacentini M: Molecular mechanisms of hepatitis C virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Microbiol Infect. 22:853–861. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Jack CS, Arbour N, Manusow J, Montgrain V, Blain M, McCrea E, Shapiro A and Antel JP: TLr signaling tailors innate immune responses in human microglia and astrocytes. J Immunol. 175:4320–4330. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Zughaier SM, Zimmer SM, Datta A, Carlson RW and Stephens DS: Differential induction of the toll-like receptor 4-MyD88-dependent and independent signaling pathways by endotoxins. Infect Immun. 73:2940–2950. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Mehmeti M, Allaoui R, Bergenfelz C, Saal LH, Ethier SP, Johansson ME, Jirström K and Leandersson K: Expression of functional toll like receptor 4 in estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 17:1302015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Takazawa Y, Kiniwa Y, Ogawa E, Uchiyama A, Ashida A, Uhara H, Goto Y and Okuyama R: Toll-like receptor 4 signaling promotes the migration of human melanoma cells. Tohoku J Exp Med. 234:57–65. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Semlali A, Parine Reddy N, Arafah M, Mansour L, Azzi A, Al Shahrani O, Al Amri A, Shaik JP, Aljebreen AM, Alharbi O, et al: Expression and polymorphism of toll-like receptor 4 and effect on NF-κB mediated inflammation in colon cancer patients. PLoS One. 11:e01463332016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Luo XZ, He QZ and Wang K: Expression of Toll-like receptor 4 in ovarian serous adenocarcinoma and correlation with clinical stage and pathological grade. Int J Clin Exp Med. 8:14323–14327. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

10 

Shui IM, Stark JR, Penney KL, Schumacher FR, Epstein MM, Pitt MJ, Stampfer MJ, Tamimi RM, Lindstrom S, Sesso HD, et al: Genetic variation in the toll-like receptor 4 and prostate cancer incidence and mortality. Prostate. 72:209–216. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Huang HY, Zhang ZJ, Cao CB, Wang N, Liu FF, Peng JQ, Ren XJ and Qian J: The TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway mediates the growth of colon cancer. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 18:3834–3843. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

12 

Chen X, Zhao F, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Wu K and Tan G: Significance of TLR4-MyD88 expression in breast cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 8:7034–7039. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Wang L, Zhu R, Huang Z, Li H and Zhu H: Lipopolysaccharide-induced toll-like receptor 4 signaling in cancer cells promotes cell survival and proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci. 58:2223–2236. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Liu WT, Jing YY, Yu GF, Han ZP, Yu DD, Fan QM, Ye F, Li R, Gao L, Zhao QD, et al: Toll like receptor 4 facilitates invasion and migration as a cancer stem cell marker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett. 358:136–143. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Heinrich EL, Walser TC, Krysan K, Liclican EL, Grant JL, Rodriguez NL and Dubinett SM: The inflammatory tumor microenvironment, epithelial mesenchymal transition and lung carcinogenesis. Cancer Microenviron. 5:5–18. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Grivennikov SI: Inflammation and colorectal cancer: Colitis-associated neoplasia. Semin Immunopathol. 35:229–244. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Kawanishi S, Ohnishi S, Ma N, Hiraku Y, Oikawa S and Murata M: Nitrative and oxidative DNA damage in infection-related carcinogenesis in relation to cancer stem cells. Genes Environ. 38:262017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Rasic I, Radovic S and Aksamija G: Relationship between chronic inflammation and the stage and histopathological size of colorectal carcinoma. Med Arch. 70:104–107. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Langrish CL, Chen Y, Blumenschein WM, Mattson J, Basham B, Sedgwick JD, McClanahan T, Kastelein RA and Cua DJ: IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation. J Exp Med. 201:233–240. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Kolls JK and Lindén A: Interleukin-17 family members and inflammation. Immunity. 21:467–476. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Toussirot É: The IL23/Th17 pathway as a therapeutic target in chronic inflammatory diseases. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets. 11:159–168. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Kortylewski M, Xin H, Kujawski M, Lee H, Liu Y, Harris T, Drake C, Pardoll D and Yu H: Regulation of the IL-23 and IL-12 balance by Stat3 signaling in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell. 15:114–123. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Wu D, Wu P, Huang Q, Liu Y, Ye J and Huang J: Interleukin-17: A promoter in colorectal cancer progression. Clin Dev Immunol. 2013:4363072013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Qin S: Primary Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Expert Panel of the Chinese Ministry of Health: Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer (2011 edition). Chin Clin Oncol. 1:2304–3865. 2012.

25 

Chen ZH, Hong YF, Lin J, Li X, Wu DH, Wen JY, Chen J, Ruan DY, Lin Q, Dong M, et al: Validation and ranking of seven staging systems of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett. 14:705–714. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Song Y, Zhou M, Cao Y, Qi J, Geng J and Liu X: Expression of GLP-1 receptor and CD26 in human thyroid C-cells: The association of thyroid C-cell tumorigenesis with incretin-based medicine. Oncol Lett. 13:2684–2690. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Ruifeng G, Yunhe F, Zhengkai W, Ershun Z, Yimeng L, Minjun Y, Xiaojing S, Zhengtao Y and Naisheng Z: Chlorogenic acid attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced mice mastitis by suppressing TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol. 729:54–58. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Langowski JL, Zhang X, Wu L, Mattson JD, Chen T, Smith K, Basham B, McClanahan T, Kastelein RA and Oft M: IL-23 promotes tumour incidence and growth. Nature. 442:461–465. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Zhou Y, Wu PW, Yuan XW, Li J and Shi XL: Interleukin-17A inhibits cell autophagy under starvation and promotes cell migration via TAB2/TAB3-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 20:250–263. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Sakurai T, Kashida H, Watanabe T, Hagiwara S, Mizushima T, Iijima H, Nishida N, Higashitsuji H, Fujita J and Kudo M: Stress response protein cirp links inflammation and tumorigenesis in colitis-associated cancer. Cancer Res. 74:6119–6128. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Wang H, Liu J, Hu X, Liu S and He B: Prognostic and therapeutic values of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in hepatocellular carcinoma. Med Sci Monit. 22:3694–3704. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Grivennikov SI, Wang K, Mucida D, Stewart CA, Schnabl B, Jauch D, Taniguchi K, Yu GY, Osterreicher CH, Hung KE, et al: Adenoma-linked barrier defects and microbial products drive IL-23/IL-17-mediated tumour growth. Nature. 491:254–258. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Blauvelt A, Lebwohl MG and Bissonnette R: IL-23/IL-17A dysfunction phenotypes inform possible clinical effects from anti-IL-17A therapies. J Invest Dermatol. 135:1946–1953. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

González-Reyes S, Marín L, González L, González LO, del Casar JM, Lamelas ML, González-Quintana JM and Vizoso FJ: Study of TLR3, TLR4 and TLR9 in breast carcinomas and their association with metastasis. BMC Cancer. 10:6652010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Kulig P, Burkhard S, Mikita-Geoffroy J, Croxford AL, Hövelmeyer N, Gyülvészi G, Gorzelanny C, Waisman A, Borsig L and Becher B: IL17A-mediated endothelial breach promotes metastasis formation. Cancer Immunol Res. 4:26–32. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Teng MW, Bowman EP, McElwee JJ, Smyth MJ, Casanova JL, Cooper AM and Cua DJ: IL-12 and IL-23 cytokines: From discovery to targeted therapies for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Nat Med. 21:719–729. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Brentano F, Ospelt C, Stanczyk J, Gay RE, Gay S and Kyburz D: Abundant expression of the interleukin (IL)23 subunit p19, but low levels of bioactive IL23 in the rheumatoid synovium: Differential expression and Toll-like receptor-(TLR) dependent regulation of the IL23 subunits, p19 and p40, in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 68:143–150. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Kang Y, Su G, Sun J and Zhang Y: Activation of the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway contributes to the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma via upregulation of IL‑23 and IL‑17A. Oncol Lett 15: 9647-9654, 2018.
APA
Kang, Y., Su, G., Sun, J., & Zhang, Y. (2018). Activation of the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway contributes to the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma via upregulation of IL‑23 and IL‑17A. Oncology Letters, 15, 9647-9654. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8586
MLA
Kang, Y., Su, G., Sun, J., Zhang, Y."Activation of the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway contributes to the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma via upregulation of IL‑23 and IL‑17A". Oncology Letters 15.6 (2018): 9647-9654.
Chicago
Kang, Y., Su, G., Sun, J., Zhang, Y."Activation of the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway contributes to the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma via upregulation of IL‑23 and IL‑17A". Oncology Letters 15, no. 6 (2018): 9647-9654. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8586
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Kang Y, Su G, Sun J and Zhang Y: Activation of the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway contributes to the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma via upregulation of IL‑23 and IL‑17A. Oncol Lett 15: 9647-9654, 2018.
APA
Kang, Y., Su, G., Sun, J., & Zhang, Y. (2018). Activation of the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway contributes to the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma via upregulation of IL‑23 and IL‑17A. Oncology Letters, 15, 9647-9654. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8586
MLA
Kang, Y., Su, G., Sun, J., Zhang, Y."Activation of the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway contributes to the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma via upregulation of IL‑23 and IL‑17A". Oncology Letters 15.6 (2018): 9647-9654.
Chicago
Kang, Y., Su, G., Sun, J., Zhang, Y."Activation of the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway contributes to the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma via upregulation of IL‑23 and IL‑17A". Oncology Letters 15, no. 6 (2018): 9647-9654. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8586
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team