Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
October-2018 Volume 16 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2018 Volume 16 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Intratibial injection of patient‑derived tumor cells from giant cell tumor of bone elicits osteolytic reaction in nude mouse

  • Authors:
    • Leqin Xu
    • Zhipeng Wu
    • Zhenhua Zhou
    • Xinghai Yang
    • Jianru Xiao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
  • Pages: 4649-4655
    |
    Published online on: July 16, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9148
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

There have been various reports in the literature of an in vivo model for giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). However, few suitable animal models of GCTB have been established, due to the fact that GCTB contains three histologically different cell types. To the best of our knowledge, injection of patient‑derived GCTB cells into bone environment has not been reported until now. In the present study, the biological behavior of GCTB cells in nude mice was investigated through intratibial injection of patient‑derived GCTB cells. Patient‑derived GCTB cells were obtained from 5 patients who had not undergone chemo‑ and radiotherapy. Once isolated, the cell suspension was injected into the tibias of nude mice. The growth process was monitored by weekly observation and photographic documentation using X‑ray. Four months after injection, nude mice were sacrificed and the injected tibial samples were fixed, and further analyzed using micro‑computed tomography (micro‑CT), standard histology, tartrate‑resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and mitochondrial immunofluorescence staining. X‑ray, micro‑CT and standard histology revealed osteolytic destruction in the proximal end of the tibia. TRAP staining identified TRAP‑positive, osteoclast‑like cells distributed in the bone marrow interface of the lesion area. Anti‑human mitochondrial immunofluorescence staining confirmed that the surviving cells in the osteolytic destruction were of human GCTB cell origin. These findings indicate that intratibial injection of patient‑derived GCTB cells may elicit osteolytic destruction in nude mice. The results of the current study present a novel animal model for GCTB, opening new perspectives to investigate this disease and develop therapeutic agents.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Cowan RW and Singh G: Giant cell tumor of bone: A basic science perspective. Bone. 52:238–246. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Alsulaimani SA and Turcotte RE; Canadian Orthopaedic Oncology Society (CANOOS) collaborators, : Iterative curettage is associated with local control in giant cell tumors involving the distal tibia. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 471:2668–2674. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Stacy GS, Peabody TD and Dixon LB: Mimics on radiography of giant cell tumor of bone. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 181:1583–1589. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Prosser GH, Baloch KG, Tillman RM, Carter SR and Grimer RJ: Does curettage without adjuvant therapy provide low recurrence rates in giant-cell tumors of bone? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 435:211–218. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Kremen TJ Jr, Bernthal NM, Eckardt MA and Eckardt JJ: Giant cell tumor of bone: Are we stratifying results appropriately? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 470:677–683. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Lin WH, Lan TY, Chen CY, Wu K and Yang RS: Similar local control between phenol- and ethanol-treated giant cell tumors of bone. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 469:3200–3208. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Klenke FM, Wenger DE, Inwards CY, Rose PS and Sim FH: Recurrent giant cell tumor of long bones: Analysis of surgical management. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 469:1181–1187. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Klenke FM, Wenger DE, Inwards CY, Rose PS and Sim FH: Giant cell tumor of bone: Risk factors for recurrence. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 469:591–599. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Goldring SR, Schiller AL, Mankin HJ, Dayer JM and Krane SM: Characterization of cells from human giant cell tumors of bone. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1–75. 1986.

10 

Komiya S, Sasaguri Y, Inoue A, Nakashima M, Yamamoto S, Yanagida I and Morimatsu M: Characterization of cells cultured from human giant-cell tumors of bone. Phenotypic relationship to the monocyte-macrophage and osteoclast. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 258:304–309. 1990.

11 

Salerno M, Avnet S, Alberghini M, Giunti A and Baldini N: Histogenetic characterization of giant cell tumor of bone. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 466:2081–2091. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Wülling M, Delling G and Kaiser E: The origin of the neoplastic stromal cell in giant cell tumor of bone. Hum Pathol. 34:983–993. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Lau CP, Ng PK, Li MS, Tsui SK, Huang L and Kumta SM: p63 regulates cell proliferation and cell cycle progressionassociated genes in stromal cells of giant cell tumor of the bone. Int J Oncol. 42:437–443. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Wuelling M, Delling G and Kaiser E: Differential gene expression in stromal cells of human giant cell tumor of bone. Virchows Arch. 445:621–630. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Babeto E, Conceição AL, Valsechi MC, Peitl Junior P, de Campos Zuccari DA, de Lima LG, Bonilha JL, de Freitas Calmon M, Cordeiro JA and Rahal P: Differentially expressed genes in giant cell tumor of bone. Virchows Arch. 458:467–476. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Chen S, Li C, Wu B, Zhang C, Liu C, Lin X, Wu X, Sun L, Liu C, Chen B, et al: Identification of differentially expressed genes and their subpathways in recurrent versus primary bone giant cell tumors. Int J Oncol. 45:1133–1142. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Fujikawa Y, Quinn JM, Sabokbar A, McGee JO and Athanasou NA: The human osteoclast precursor circulates in the monocyte fraction. Endocrinology. 137:4058–4060. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Massey HM and Flanagan AM: Human osteoclasts derive from CD14-positive monocytes. Br J Haematol. 106:167–170. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Lau YS, Sabokbar A, Gibbons CL, Giele H and Athanasou N: Phenotypic and molecular studies of giant-cell tumors of bone and soft tissue. Hum Pathol. 36:945–954. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Haque AU and Moatasim A: Giant cell tumor of bone: A neoplasm or a reactive condition? Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 1:489–501. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Werner M: Giant cell tumour of bone: Morphological, biological and histogenetical aspects. Int Orthop. 30:484–489. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

James IE, Dodds RA, Olivera DL, Nuttall ME and Gowen M: Human osteoclastoma-derived stromal cells: Correlation of the ability to form mineralized nodules in vitro with formation of bone in vivo. J Bone Miner Res. 11:1453–1460. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Balke M, Neumann A, Szuhai K, Agelopoulos K, August C, Gosheger G, Hogendoorn PC, Athanasou N, Buerger H and Hagedorn M: A short-term in vivo model for giant cell tumor of bone. BMC Cancer. 11:2412011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Singh S, Singh M, Mak I and Ghert M: Expressional analysis of GFP-tagged cells in an in vivo mouse model of giant cell tumor of bone. Open Orthop J. 7:109–113. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Oreffo RO, Marshall GJ, Kirchen M, Garcia C, Gallwitz WE, Chavez J, Mundy GR and Bonewald LF: Characterization of a cell line derived from a human giant cell tumor that stimulates osteoclastic bone resorption. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 229–241. 1993.PubMed/NCBI

26 

Long F, Cai X, Luo W, Chen L and Li K: Role of aldolase A in osteosarcoma progression and metastasis: In vitro and in vivo evidence. Oncol Rep. 32:2031–2037. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Park SI, Kim SJ, McCauley LK and Gallick GE: Pre-clinical mouse models of human prostate cancer and their utility in drug discovery. Curr Protoc Pharmacol Chapter. 14:Unit 14.15. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Hoff BA, Chughtai K, Jeon YH, Kozloff K, Galbán S, Rehemtulla A, Ross BD and Galbán CJ: Multimodality imaging of tumor and bone response in a mouse model of bony metastasis. Transl Oncol. 5:415–421. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Futakuchi M and Singh RK: Animal model for mammary tumor growth in the bone microenvironment. Breast Cancer (Tokyo, Japan). 20:195–203. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Balla P, Moskovszky L, Sapi Z, Forsyth R, Knowles H, Athanasou NA, Szendroi M, Kopper L, Rajnai H, Pinter F, et al: Epidermal growth factor receptor signalling contributes to osteoblastic stromal cell proliferation, osteoclastogenesis and disease progression in giant cell tumour of bone. Histopathology. 59:376–389. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

National Research Council (US) Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals: Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. 8th edition. National Academies Press; Washington, DC: 2011

32 

Tang X, Jin R, Qu G, Wang X, Li Z, Yuan Z, Zhao C, Siwko S, Shi T, Wang P, et al: GPR116, an adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor, promotes breast cancer metastasis via the Gαq-p63RhoGEF-Rho GTPase pathway. Cancer Res. 73:6206–6218. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Huang L, Teng XY, Cheng YY, Lee KM and Kumta SM: Expression of preosteoblast markers and Cbfa-1 and Osterix gene transcripts in stromal tumour cells of giant cell tumour of bone. Bone. 34:393–401. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Murata A, Fujita T, Kawahara N, Tsuchiya H and Tomita K: Osteoblast lineage properties in giant cell tumors of bone. J Orthop Sci. 10:581–588. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Ghert M, Simunovic N, Cowan RW, Colterjohn N and Singh G: Properties of the stromal cell in giant cell tumor of bone. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 459:8–13. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Yang T, Zheng XF, Li M, Lin X and Yin QS: Stimulation of osteogenic differentiation in stromal cells of giant cell tumour of bone by zoledronic acid. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 14:5379–5383. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

McQuibban GA, Butler GS, Gong JH, Bendall L, Power C, Clark-Lewis I and Overall CM: Matrix metalloproteinase activity inactivates the CXC chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1. J Biol Chem. 276:43503–43508. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Atkins GJ, Haynes DR, Graves SE, Evdokiou A, Hay S, Bouralexis S and Findlay DM: Expression of osteoclast differentiation signals by stromal elements of giant cell tumors. J Bone Miner Res. 15:640–649. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

McQuibban GA, Gong JH, Wong JP, Wallace JL, Clark-Lewis I and Overall CM: Matrix metalloproteinase processing of monocyte chemoattractant proteins generates CC chemokine receptor antagonists with anti-inflammatory properties in vivo. Blood. 100:1160–1167. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

40 

Ohsaki Y, Takahashi S, Scarcez T, Demulder A, Nishihara T, Williams R and Roodman GD: Evidence for an autocrine/paracrine role for interleukin-6 in bone resorption by giant cells from giant cell tumors of bone. Endocrinology. 131:2229–2234. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Sasaguri Y, Komiya S, Sugama K, Suzuki K, Inoue A, Morimatsu M and Nagase H: Production of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 3 (stromelysin) by stromal cells of giant cell tumor of bone. Am J Pathol. 141:611–621. 1992.PubMed/NCBI

42 

Ueda Y, Imai K, Tsuchiya H, Fujimoto N, Nakanishi I, Katsuda S, Seiki M and Okada Y: Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (gelatinase B) is expressed in multinucleated giant cells of human giant cell tumor of bone and is associated with vascular invasion. Am J Pathol. 148:611–622. 1996.PubMed/NCBI

43 

Cowan RW, Singh G and Ghert M: PTHrP increases RANKL expression by stromal cells from giant cell tumor of bone. J Orthop Res. 30:877–884. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Morgan T, Atkins GJ, Trivett MK, Johnson SA, Kansara M, Schlicht SL, Slavin JL, Simmons P, Dickinson I, Powell G, et al: Molecular profiling of giant cell tumor of bone and the osteoclastic localization of ligand for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB. Am J Pathol. 167:117–128. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Xu L, Wu Z, Zhou Z, Yang X and Xiao J: Intratibial injection of patient‑derived tumor cells from giant cell tumor of bone elicits osteolytic reaction in nude mouse. Oncol Lett 16: 4649-4655, 2018.
APA
Xu, L., Wu, Z., Zhou, Z., Yang, X., & Xiao, J. (2018). Intratibial injection of patient‑derived tumor cells from giant cell tumor of bone elicits osteolytic reaction in nude mouse. Oncology Letters, 16, 4649-4655. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9148
MLA
Xu, L., Wu, Z., Zhou, Z., Yang, X., Xiao, J."Intratibial injection of patient‑derived tumor cells from giant cell tumor of bone elicits osteolytic reaction in nude mouse". Oncology Letters 16.4 (2018): 4649-4655.
Chicago
Xu, L., Wu, Z., Zhou, Z., Yang, X., Xiao, J."Intratibial injection of patient‑derived tumor cells from giant cell tumor of bone elicits osteolytic reaction in nude mouse". Oncology Letters 16, no. 4 (2018): 4649-4655. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9148
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Xu L, Wu Z, Zhou Z, Yang X and Xiao J: Intratibial injection of patient‑derived tumor cells from giant cell tumor of bone elicits osteolytic reaction in nude mouse. Oncol Lett 16: 4649-4655, 2018.
APA
Xu, L., Wu, Z., Zhou, Z., Yang, X., & Xiao, J. (2018). Intratibial injection of patient‑derived tumor cells from giant cell tumor of bone elicits osteolytic reaction in nude mouse. Oncology Letters, 16, 4649-4655. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9148
MLA
Xu, L., Wu, Z., Zhou, Z., Yang, X., Xiao, J."Intratibial injection of patient‑derived tumor cells from giant cell tumor of bone elicits osteolytic reaction in nude mouse". Oncology Letters 16.4 (2018): 4649-4655.
Chicago
Xu, L., Wu, Z., Zhou, Z., Yang, X., Xiao, J."Intratibial injection of patient‑derived tumor cells from giant cell tumor of bone elicits osteolytic reaction in nude mouse". Oncology Letters 16, no. 4 (2018): 4649-4655. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9148
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team