Liriodenine enhances radiosensitivity in esophageal cancer ECA‑109 cells by inducing apoptosis and G2/M arrest

Wu,Gang; Chen,Guangzong; Zhou,Jialiang; Zhu,Hongcheng; Chu,Jianjun; Zhang,Fuzheng

doi:10.3892/ol.2018.9253

Liriodenine enhances radiosensitivity in esophageal cancer ECA‑109 cells by inducing apoptosis and G2/M arrest

Authors:
- Gang Wu
- Guangzong Chen
- Jialiang Zhou
- Hongcheng Zhu
- Jianjun Chu
- Fuzheng Zhang
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Affiliations: Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, P.R. China, Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
Published online on: August 2, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9253
Pages: 5020-5026
Copyright: © Wu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

At present, chemotherapy and radiotherapy represent the primary modalities of treatment for patients with unresectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the outcome of patients remains poor owing to radioresistance. The present study aimed to determine the radiosensitizing effect of liriodenine, an aporphine alkaloid derived from Enicosanthellum pulchrum, and investigating the underlying mechanisms in ESCC, using the esophageal cancer ECA‑109 cell line. Cellular proliferation was evaluated using the Cell Counting kit‑8 assay. Colony formation assay was performed to characterize the radiosensitive effects of liriodenine on ECA‑109 cells, and flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis. An immunofluorescence assay was utilized to evaluate the DNA damage repair ability. Western blotting was used to assess the protein levels of caspase‑3, B cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2) and Bcl‑2‑associated X (Bax). Liriodenine dose‑dependently inhibited ECA‑109 cell viability. The clonogenic survival assay demonstrated that liriodenine increased the radiosensitivity of ESCC cells, with a sensitization enhancement ratio of 1.11‑1.69. The results of flow cytometry demonstrated that liriodenine induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest. The immunofluorescence assay revealed that liriodenine delays DNA damage repair. The upregulation of Bax and Caspase‑3, and the suppression of Bcl‑2 confirmed that apoptosis was occurring. Liriodenine radiosensitizes ECA‑109 cells by inducing apoptosis and G2/M arrest. The findings of the present study indicated that liriodenine may represent an anticancer agent with promising potential for the treatment of ESCC.

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