Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
November-2018 Volume 16 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2018 Volume 16 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Increased expression of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 predicts tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer

  • Authors:
    • Haixia Wang
    • Xingtao Long
    • Dong Wang
    • Meng Lou
    • Dongling Zou
    • Rui Chen
    • Weiqi Nian
    • Qi Zhou
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China, Laboratory of Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 6713-6720
    |
    Published online on: September 25, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9500
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1), which is a regulator of intracellular and extracellular pH via ion exchange, has been demonstrated to serve an important role in cell differentiation, migration and invasion in solid tumors and hematological malignancies. However, the potential role of NHE1 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains unclear. In the present study, the expression pattern and the prognostic value of NHE1 were investigated in EOC. EOC tissues, non‑cancerous tumors and normal ovarian tissues were collected, and the expression levels of NHE1 were determined using the reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The expression pattern of NHE1 was also evaluated in ovarian cancer cell lines using western blotting and immunofluorescence. In addition, the association between the NHE1 expression pattern and the clinicopathological features and the clinical prognosis of patients with EOC was also analyzed. The expression levels of NHE1 were identified to be significantly increased in EOC tissues compared with non‑cancerous tumors and normal ovarian tissues (P<0.05). Furthermore, the increased expression of NHE1 was associated with an advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (FIGO III‑IV; P<0.001) and the presence of high‑grade carcinoma (grades 2‑3, P<0.001). Overexpressed NHE1 was identified as a risk factor of shorter PFS (P<0.001) and OS (P<0.001). A multivariate Cox's regression analysis revealed that NHE1 was an independent prognostic factor for the prediction of the outcome of patients with EOC. NHE1 may, therefore, serve as a potential therapeutic target to inhibit tumor aggressiveness.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts & Figures, . American Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@research/documents/document/acspc-047079.pdfMarch 21–2016

2 

Oza AM, Cook AD, Pfisterer J, Embleton A, Ledermann JA, Pujade-Lauraine E, Kristensen G, Carey MS, Beale P, Cervantes A, et al: Standard chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab for women with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer (ICON7): overall survival results of a phase 3 randomised trial. Lancet Oncol. 16:928–936. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Aghajanian C, Goff B, Nycum LR, Wang YV, Husain A and Blank SV: Final overall survival and safety analysis of OCEANS, a phase 3 trial of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 139:10–16. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Perren TJ, Swart AM, Pfisterer J, Ledermann JA, Pujade-Lauraine E, Kristensen G, Carey MS, Beale P, Cervantes A, Kurzeder C, et al: A phase 3 trial of bevacizumab in ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med. 365:2484–2496. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Aghajanian C, Blank SV, Goff BA, Judson PL, Teneriello MG, Husain A, Sovak MA, Yi J and Nycum LR: OCEANS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer. J Clin Oncol. 30:2039–2045. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Stockler MR, Hilpert F, Friedlander M, King MT, Wenzel L, Lee CK, Joly F, de Gregorio N, Arranz JA, Mirza MR, et al: Patient-reported outcome results from the open-label phase III AURELIA trial evaluating bevacizumab-containing therapy for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol. 32:1309–1316. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Oza AM, Cibula D, Benzaquen AO, Poole C, Mathijssen RH, Sonke GS, Colombo N, Špaček J, Vuylsteke P, Hirte H, et al: Olaparib combined with chemotherapy for recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer: A randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 16:87–97. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Liu JF, Barry WT, Birrer M, Lee JM, Buckanovich RJ, Fleming GF, Rimel B, Buss MK, Nattam S, Hurteau J, et al: Combination cediranib and olaparib versus olaparib alone for women with recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer: A randomised phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 15:1207–1214. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Gillies RJ, Raghunand N, Karczmar GS and Bhujwalla ZM: MRI of the tumor microenvironment. J Magn Reson Imaging. 16:430–450. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Loo SY, Chang MK, Chua CS, Kumar AP, Pervaiz S and Clement MV: NHE-1: A promising target for novel anti-cancer therapeutics. Curr Pharm Des. 18:1372–1382. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Amith SR and Fliegel L: Regulation of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1) in breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Res. 73:1259–1264. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Amith SR, Wilkinson JM, Baksh S and Fliegel L: The Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1) as a novel co-adjuvant target in paclitaxel therapy of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget. 6:1262–1275. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Lin Y, Chang G, Wang J, Jin W, Wang L, Li H, Ma L, Li Q and Pang T: NHE1 mediates MDA-MB-231 cells invasion through the regulation of MT1-MMP. Exp Cell Res. 317:2031–2040. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Yang X, Wang D, Dong W, Song Z and Dou K: Suppression of Na+/H+ exchanger 1 by RNA interference or amiloride inhibits human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 cell invasion. Med Oncol. 28:385–390. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Yang X, Wang D, Dong W, Song Z and Dou K: Expression and modulation of Na(+) /H(+) exchanger 1 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma: A potential therapeutic target. J Gastroenterol Hepato. 26:364–370. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Cardone RA, Greco MR, Zeeberg K, Zaccagnino A, Saccomano M, Bellizzi A, Bruns P, Menga M, Pilarsky C, Schwab A, et al: A novel NHE1-centered signaling cassette drives epidermal growth factor receptor–dependent pancreatic tumor metastasis and is a target for combination therapy. Neoplasia. 17:155–166. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Lin Y, Wang J, Jin W, Wang L, Li H, Ma L, Li Q and Pang T: NHE1 mediates migration and invasion of HeLa cells via regulating the expression and localization of MT1-MMP. Cell Biochem Funct. 30:41–46. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Jin W, Li Q, Wang J, Chang G, Lin Y, Li H, Wang L, Gao W and Pang T: Na+/H+ exchanger 1 inhibition contributes to K562 leukaemic cell differentiation. Cell Biol Int. 36:739–745. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Tang L, Yang J, Ng SK, Rodriguez N, Choi PW, Vitonis A, Wang K, McLachlan GJ, Caiazzo RJ Jr, Liu BC, et al: Autoantibody profiling to identify biomarkers of key pathogenic pathways in mucinous ovarian cancer. Eur J Cancer. 46:170–179. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Wang H, Mu X, Zhou S, Zhang J, Dai J, Tang L, Xiao L, Duan Z, Jia L and Chen S: NEDD9 overexpression is associated with the progression of and an unfavorable prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Hum Pathol. 45:401–408. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Greco MR, Antelmi E, Busco G, Guerra L, Rubino R, Casavola V, Reshkin SJ and Cardone RA: Protease activity at invadopodial focal digestive areas is dependent on NHE1-driven acidic pHe. Oncol Rep. 31:940–946. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Maly K, Strese K, Kampfer S, Ueberall F, Baier G, Ghaffari-Tabrizi N, Grunicke HH and Leitges M: Critical role of protein kinase C alpha and calcium in growth factor induced activation of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1. FEBS Lett. 521:205–210. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Cardone RA, Casavola V and Reshkin SJ: The role of disturbed pH dynamics and the Na+/H+ exchanger in metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer. 5:786–795. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Stock C, Ludwig FT and Schwab A: Is the multifunctional Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 1 a potential therapeutic target in cancer? Curr Med Chem. 19:647–660. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Cong D, Zhu W, Shi Y, Pointer KB, Clark PA, Shen H, Kuo JS, Hu S and Sun D: Upregulation of NHE1 protein expression enables glioblastoma cells to escape TMZ-mediated toxicity via increased H+ extrusion, cell migration and survival. Carcinogenesis. 35:2014–2024. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Zhu W, Carney KE, Pigott VM, Falgoust LM, Clark PA, Kuo JS and Sun D: Glioma-mediated microglial activation promotes glioma proliferation and migration: Roles of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1. Carcinogenesis. 37:839–851. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Paradiso A, Cardone RA, Bellizzi A, Bagorda A, Guerra L, Tommasino M, Casavola V and Reshkin SJ: The Na+-H+ exchanger-1 induces cytoskeletal changes involving reciprocal RhoA and Rac1 signaling, resulting in motility and invasion in MDA-MB-435 cells. Breast Cancer Res. 6:R616–R628. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Reshkin SJ, Bellizzi A, Cardone RA, Tommasino M, Casavola V and Paradiso A: Paclitaxel induces apoptosis via protein kinase A- and p38 mitogen-activated protein-dependent inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) NHE isoform 1 in human breast cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res. 9:2366–2373. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Ariyoshi Y, Shiozaki A, Ichikawa D, Shimizu H, Kosuga T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Kishimoto M, et al: Na+/H+ exchanger 1 has tumor suppressive activity and prognostic value in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget. 8:2209–2223. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wang H, Long X, Wang D, Lou M, Zou D, Chen R, Nian W and Zhou Q: Increased expression of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 predicts tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 16: 6713-6720, 2018.
APA
Wang, H., Long, X., Wang, D., Lou, M., Zou, D., Chen, R. ... Zhou, Q. (2018). Increased expression of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 predicts tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncology Letters, 16, 6713-6720. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9500
MLA
Wang, H., Long, X., Wang, D., Lou, M., Zou, D., Chen, R., Nian, W., Zhou, Q."Increased expression of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 predicts tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer". Oncology Letters 16.5 (2018): 6713-6720.
Chicago
Wang, H., Long, X., Wang, D., Lou, M., Zou, D., Chen, R., Nian, W., Zhou, Q."Increased expression of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 predicts tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer". Oncology Letters 16, no. 5 (2018): 6713-6720. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9500
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wang H, Long X, Wang D, Lou M, Zou D, Chen R, Nian W and Zhou Q: Increased expression of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 predicts tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 16: 6713-6720, 2018.
APA
Wang, H., Long, X., Wang, D., Lou, M., Zou, D., Chen, R. ... Zhou, Q. (2018). Increased expression of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 predicts tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncology Letters, 16, 6713-6720. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9500
MLA
Wang, H., Long, X., Wang, D., Lou, M., Zou, D., Chen, R., Nian, W., Zhou, Q."Increased expression of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 predicts tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer". Oncology Letters 16.5 (2018): 6713-6720.
Chicago
Wang, H., Long, X., Wang, D., Lou, M., Zou, D., Chen, R., Nian, W., Zhou, Q."Increased expression of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 predicts tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer". Oncology Letters 16, no. 5 (2018): 6713-6720. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9500
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team