Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
October-2019 Volume 18 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2019 Volume 18 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Prediction of tumor response of rectal cancer cells via 3D cell culture and in vitro cytotoxicity assay before initiating preoperative chemoradiotherapy

  • Authors:
    • Jeonghyun Kang
    • Min Chul Park
    • Jina Kim
    • Hyuk Hur
    • Byung Soh Min
    • Seung Hyuk Baik
    • Kang Young Lee
    • Nam Kyu Kim
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea, CureBio Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi 16229, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 3863-3872
    |
    Published online on: August 2, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10702
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the utility of 3D cell culture and in vitro cytotoxicity assays, performed using cells derived from biopsies obtained prior to the initiation of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (preop‑CRT), in predicting tumor response to chemoradiotherapy following preop‑CRT in rectal cancer. Biopsies were obtained from 49 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer that underwent preop‑CRT between August 2015 and March 2017. Tumor tissue was obtained before initiating preop‑CRT. The response to chemoradiation was assessed by in vitro cytotoxicity assay following 3D cell culture and radiation treatment. The associations between the results from the cytotoxicity assay, and tumor regression grade (TRG) and yp node (ypN) positivity were investigated. Among 49 patients, 26 patients were available for analysis. Cytotoxicity ranged from 25.5‑72.6% (median, 47.6%). There was no difference in cytotoxicity according to the TRGs 1‑5 (P=0.940), or good tumor response (TRGs 1‑2 vs. TRGs 3‑5; P=0.729). However, there was a significant difference in cytotoxicity between the ypN‑negative and ‑positive groups (53.2±14.1 and 38.7±10.1, respectively; P=0.021). Following dichotomization of patients with 45% cut‑off value, the cytotoxicity assay was the only factor that predicted ypN positivity in multivariate analysis (odds ratio, 13; 95% confidence interval, 1.2‑133.2; P=0.031). In conclusion, the cytotoxicity assay using the 3D cell culture method can be used to predict tumor response, particularly ypN positivity, in patients with rectal cancer who are scheduled for preop‑CRT.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

View References

1 

Sauer R, Becker H, Hohenberger W, Rödel C, Wittekind C, Fietkau R, Martus P, Tschmelitsch J, Hager E, Hess CF, et al: Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 351:1731–1740. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Yeo SG, Kim DY, Kim TH, Chang HJ, Oh JH, Park W, Choi DH, Nam H, Kim JS, Cho MJ, et al: Pathologic complete response of primary tumor following preoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: Long-term outcomes and prognostic significance of pathologic nodal status (KROG 09-01). Ann Surg. 252:998–1004. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Kim NK, Baik SH, Seong JS, Kim H, Roh JK, Lee KY, Sohn SK and Cho CH: Oncologic outcomes after neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by curative resection with tumor-specific mesorectal excision for fixed locally advanced rectal cancer: Impact of postirradiated pathologic downstaging on local recurrence and survival. Ann Surg. 244:1024–1030. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Zorcolo L, Rosman AS, Restivo A, Pisano M, Nigri GR, Fancellu A and Melis M: Complete pathologic response after combined modality treatment for rectal cancer and long-term survival: A meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 19:2822–2832. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Kim NK and Hur H: New Perspectives on predictive biomarkers of tumor response and their clinical application in preoperative chemoradiation therapy for rectal cancer. Yonsei Med J. 56:1461–1477. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Ryan JE, Warrier SK, Lynch AC, Ramsay RG, Phillips WA and Heriot AG: Predicting pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: A systematic review. Colorectal Dis. 18:234–246. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Stijns RCH, Tromp MR, Hugen N and de Wilt JHW: Advances in organ preserving strategies in rectal cancer patients. Eur J Surg Oncol. 44:209–219. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Li J, Li L, Yang L, Yuan J, Lv B, Yao Y and Xing S: Wait-and-see treatment strategies for rectal cancer patients with clinical complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 7:44857–44870. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

9 

Chang GJ, Rodriguez-Bigas MA, Eng C and Skibber JM: Lymph node status after neoadjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer is a biologic predictor of outcome. Cancer. 115:5432–5440. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Duchalais E, Glyn Mullaney T, Spears GM, Kelley SR, Mathis K, Harmsen WS and Larson DW: Prognostic value of pathological node status after neoadjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer. Br J Surg. 105:1501–1509. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Swellengrebel HA, Bosch SL, Cats A, Vincent AD, Dewit LG, Verwaal VJ, Nagtegaal ID and Marijnen CA: Tumour regression grading after chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: A near pathologic complete response does not translate into good clinical outcome. Radiother Oncol. 112:44–51. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Jwa E, Kim JH, Han S, Park JH, Lim SB, Kim JC, Hong YS, Kim TW and Yu CS: Nomogram to predict ypN status after chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 111:249–254. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Newton AD, Li J, Jeganathan AN, Mahmoud NN, Epstein AJ and Paulson EC: A nomogram to predict lymph node positivity following neoadjuvant chemoradiation in locally advanced rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 59:710–717. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

von den Grün JM, Hartmann A, Fietkau R, Ghadimi M, Liersch T, Hohenberger W, Weitz J, Sauer R, Wittekind C, Ströbel P, et al: Can clinicopathological parameters predict for lymph node metastases in ypT0-2 rectal carcinoma? Results of the CAO/ARO/AIO-94 and CAO/ARO/AIO-04 phase 3 trials. Radiother Oncol. 128:557–563. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Pomerri F, Pucciarelli S, Maretto I, Zandoná M, Del Bianco P, Amadio L, Rugge M, Nitti D and Muzzio PC: Prospective assessment of imaging after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. Surgery. 149:56–64. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Ryu KH, Kim SH, Yoon JH, Lee Y, Paik JH, Lim YJ and Lee KH: Diffusion-weighted imaging for evaluating lymph node eradication after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Acta Radiol. 57:133–141. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Antoni D, Burckel H, Josset E and Noel G: Three-dimensional cell culture: A breakthrough in vivo. Int J Mol Sci. 16:5517–5527. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Gupta N, Liu JR, Patel B, Solomon DE, Vaidya B and Gupta V: Microfluidics-based 3D cell culture models: Utility in novel drug discovery and delivery research. Bioeng Transl Med. 1:63–81. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Park MC, Jeong H, Son SH, Kim Y, Han D, Goughnour PC, Kang T, Kwon NH, Moon HE, Paek SH, et al: Novel morphologic and genetic analysis of cancer cells in a 3D microenvironment identifies STAT3 as a regulator of tumor permeability barrier function. Cancer Res. 76:1044–1054. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Zschenker O, Streichert T, Hehlgans S and Cordes N: Genome-wide gene expression analysis in cancer cells reveals 3D growth to affect ECM and processes associated with cell adhesion but not DNA repair. PLoS One. 7:e342792012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Storch K, Eke I, Borgmann K, Krause M, Richter C, Becker K, Schröck E and Cordes N: Three-dimensional cell growth confers radioresistance by chromatin density modification. Cancer Res. 70:3925–3934. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Amin MB, Edge S, Greene F, Byrd DR, Brookland RK, Washington MK, Gershenwald JE, Compton CC, Hess KR, Sullivan DC, et al: AJCC cancer staging manual. 8th. Springer; New York: 2017, View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Kang JH, Kim YC, Kim H, Kim YW, Hur H, Kim JS, Min BS, Kim H, Lim JS, Seong J, et al: Tumor volume changes assessed by three-dimensional magnetic resonance volumetry in rectal cancer patients after preoperative chemoradiation: The impact of the volume reduction ratio on the prediction of pathologic complete response. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 76:1018–1025. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Han YD, Kim WR, Park SW, Cho MS, Hur H, Min BS, Baik SH, Lee KY and Kim NK: Predictors of pathologic complete response in rectal cancer patients undergoing total mesorectal excision after preoperative chemoradiation. Medicine (Baltimore). 94:e19712015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Kim H, Myoung S, Koom WS, Kim NK, Kim MJ, Ahn JB, Hur H and Lim JS: MRI risk stratification for tumor relapse in rectal cancer achieving pathological complete remission after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and curative resection. PLoS One. 11:e01462352016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

An C, Huh H, Han KH, Kim MJ, Kim NK, Kim H and Lim JS: Use of preoperative MRI to select candidates for local excision of MRI-Staged T1 and T2 rectal cancer: Can MRI select patients with N0 tumors? Dis Colon Rectum. 58:923–930. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Mandard AM, Dalibard F, Mandard JC, Marnay J, Henry-Amar M, Petiot JF, Roussel A, Jacob JH, Segol P, Samama G, et al: Pathologic assessment of tumor regression after preoperative chemoradiotherapy of esophageal carcinoma. Clinicopathologic correlations. Cancer. 73:2680–2686. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Garcia-Aguilar J, Renfro LA, Chow OS, Shi Q, Carrero XW, Lynn PB, Thomas CR Jr, Chan E, Cataldo PA, Marcet JE, et al: Organ preservation for clinical T2N0 distal rectal cancer using neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and local excision (ACOSOG Z6041): Results of an open-label, single-arm, multi-institutional, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 16:1537–1546. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Renehan AG, Malcomson L, Emsley R, Gollins S, Maw A, Myint AS, Rooney PS, Susnerwala S, Blower A, Saunders MP, et al: Watch-and-wait approach versus surgical resection after chemoradiotherapy for patients with rectal cancer (the OnCoRe project): A propensity-score matched cohort analysis. Lancet Oncol. 17:174–183. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

De Nardi P and Carvello M: How reliable is current imaging in restaging rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy? World J Gastroenterol. 19:5964–5972. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Kim DW, Kim DY, Kim TH, Jung KH, Chang HJ, Sohn DK, Lim SB, Choi HS, Jeong SY and Park JG: Is T classification still correlated with lymph node status after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer? Cancer. 106:1694–1700. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Read TE, Andujar JE, Caushaj PF, Johnston DR, Dietz DW, Myerson RJ, Fleshman JW, Birnbaum EH, Mutch MG and Kodner IJ: Neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: Histologic response of the primary tumor predicts nodal status. Dis Colon Rectum. 47:825–831. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Choi JP, Kim SJ, Park IJ, Hong SM, Lee JL, Yoon YS, Kim CW, Lim SB, Lee JB, Yu CS and Kim JC: Is the pathological regression level of metastatic lymph nodes associated with oncologic outcomes following preoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer? Oncotarget. 8:10375–10384. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

34 

Loos M, Quentmeier P, Schuster T, Nitsche U, Gertler R, Keerl A, Kocher T, Friess H and Rosenberg R: Effect of preoperative radio(chemo)therapy on long-term functional outcome in rectal cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 20:1816–1828. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Schrag D, Weiser MR, Goodman KA, Gonen M, Hollywood E, Cercek A, Reidy-Lagunes DL, Gollub MJ, Shia J, Guillem JG, et al: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy without routine use of radiation therapy for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: A pilot trial. J Clin Oncol. 32:513–518. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Min BS, Kim NK, Pyo JY, Kim H, Seong J, Keum KC, Sohn SK and Cho CH: Clinical impact of tumor regression grade after preoperative chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer: Subset analyses in lymph node negative patients. J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 27:31–40. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Kang J, Park MC, Kim J, Hur H, Min BS, Baik SH, Lee KY and Kim NK: Prediction of tumor response of rectal cancer cells via 3D cell culture and in vitro cytotoxicity assay before initiating preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Oncol Lett 18: 3863-3872, 2019.
APA
Kang, J., Park, M.C., Kim, J., Hur, H., Min, B.S., Baik, S.H. ... Kim, N.K. (2019). Prediction of tumor response of rectal cancer cells via 3D cell culture and in vitro cytotoxicity assay before initiating preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Oncology Letters, 18, 3863-3872. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10702
MLA
Kang, J., Park, M. C., Kim, J., Hur, H., Min, B. S., Baik, S. H., Lee, K. Y., Kim, N. K."Prediction of tumor response of rectal cancer cells via 3D cell culture and in vitro cytotoxicity assay before initiating preoperative chemoradiotherapy". Oncology Letters 18.4 (2019): 3863-3872.
Chicago
Kang, J., Park, M. C., Kim, J., Hur, H., Min, B. S., Baik, S. H., Lee, K. Y., Kim, N. K."Prediction of tumor response of rectal cancer cells via 3D cell culture and in vitro cytotoxicity assay before initiating preoperative chemoradiotherapy". Oncology Letters 18, no. 4 (2019): 3863-3872. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10702
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Kang J, Park MC, Kim J, Hur H, Min BS, Baik SH, Lee KY and Kim NK: Prediction of tumor response of rectal cancer cells via 3D cell culture and in vitro cytotoxicity assay before initiating preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Oncol Lett 18: 3863-3872, 2019.
APA
Kang, J., Park, M.C., Kim, J., Hur, H., Min, B.S., Baik, S.H. ... Kim, N.K. (2019). Prediction of tumor response of rectal cancer cells via 3D cell culture and in vitro cytotoxicity assay before initiating preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Oncology Letters, 18, 3863-3872. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10702
MLA
Kang, J., Park, M. C., Kim, J., Hur, H., Min, B. S., Baik, S. H., Lee, K. Y., Kim, N. K."Prediction of tumor response of rectal cancer cells via 3D cell culture and in vitro cytotoxicity assay before initiating preoperative chemoradiotherapy". Oncology Letters 18.4 (2019): 3863-3872.
Chicago
Kang, J., Park, M. C., Kim, J., Hur, H., Min, B. S., Baik, S. H., Lee, K. Y., Kim, N. K."Prediction of tumor response of rectal cancer cells via 3D cell culture and in vitro cytotoxicity assay before initiating preoperative chemoradiotherapy". Oncology Letters 18, no. 4 (2019): 3863-3872. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10702
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team