Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
October-2019 Volume 18 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2019 Volume 18 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Leukemia stem cells promote chemoresistance by inducing downregulation of lumican in mesenchymal stem cells

  • Authors:
    • Zhen Yu
    • Lin Liu
    • Qiang Shu
    • Dong Li
    • Ran Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China, Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
  • Pages: 4317-4327
    |
    Published online on: August 22, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10767
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are responsible for therapeutic failure and relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. As a result of the interplay between LSCs and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‑MSCs), cancer cells may escape from chemotherapy and immune surveillance, thereby promoting leukemia progress and relapse. The present study identified that the crosstalk between LSCs and BM‑MSCs may contribute to changes of immune phenotypes and expression of hematopoietic factors in BM‑MSCs. Furthermore, Illumina Genome Analyzer/Hiseq 2000 identified 7 differentially expressed genes between BM‑MSCsLSC and BM‑MSCs. The Illumina sequencing results were further validated by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Following LSC simulation, 2 genes were significantly upregulated, whereas the remaining 2 genes were significantly downregulated in MSCs. The most remarkable changes were identified in the expression levels of lumican (LUM) gene. These results were confirmed by western blot analysis. In addition, decreased LUM expression led to decreased apoptosis, and promoted chemoresistance to VP‑16 in Nalm‑6 cells. These results suggest that downregulation of LUM expression in BM‑MSCs contribute to the anti‑apoptotic properties and resistance to chemotherapy in LSCs.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Silverman LB, Gelber RD, Dalton VK, Asselin BL, Barr RD, Clavell LA, Hurwitz CA, Moghrabi A, Samson Y, Schorin MA, et al: Improved outcome for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results of Dana-Farber consortium protocol 91-01. Blood. 97:1211–1218. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Conter V, Aricó M, Valsecchi MG, Rizzari C, Testi A, Miniero R, Di Tullio MT, Lo Nigro L, Pession A, Rondelli R, et al: Intensive BFM chemotherapy for childhood ALL: Interim analysis of the AIEOP-ALL 91 study. Associazione Italiana Ematologia Oncologia Pediatrica. Haematologica. 83:791–799. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

3 

Gaynon PS, Steinherz PG, Bleyer WA, Ablin AR, Albo VC, Finklestein JZ, Grossman NJ, Novak LJ, Pyesmany AF, Reaman GH, et al: Improved therapy for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and unfavorable presenting features: A follow-up report of the Childrens cancer group study CCG-106. J Clin Oncol. 11:2234–2242. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Arico M, Valsecchi MG, Conter V, Rizzari C, Pession A, Messina C, Barisone E, Poggi V, De Rossi G, Locatelli F, et al: Improved out-come in high-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia defined by prednisone-poor response treated with double Berlin-Frankfurt-Muenster protocol II. Blood. 100:420–426. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Lin YH and Yang-Yen HF: The osteopontin-CD44 survival signal involves activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. J Biol Chem. 276:46024–46030. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Dick JE, Bhatia M, Gan O, Kapp U and Wang JC: Assay of human stem cells by repopulation of NOD/SCID mice. Stem Cells. 15 (Suppl 1):S199–S207. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Wiseman DH: Donor cell leukemia: A review. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 17:771–789. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Juarez J, Bradstock KF, Gottlieb DJ and Bendall LJ: Effects of inhibitors of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 on acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in vitro. Leukemia. 17:1294–1300. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Jiang Z, Wu D, Lin S and Li P: CD34 and CD38 are prognostic biomarkers for acute B lymphoblastic leukemia. Biomark Res. 4:232016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

McCarthy DJ, Chen Y and Smyth GK: Differential expression analysis of multifactor RNA-Seq experiments with respect to biological variation. Nucleic Acids Res. 40:4288–4297. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Wang L, Feng Z, Wang X, Wang X and Zhang X: DEGseq: An R package for identifying differentially expressed genes from RNA-seq data. Bioinformatics. 26:136–138. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Eisterer W, Bechter O, Hilbe W, van Driel M, Lokhorst HM, Thaler J, Bloem AC, Günthert U and Stauder R: CD44 isoforms are differentially regulated in plasma cell dyscrasias and CD44v9 represents a new independent prognostic parameter in multiple myeloma. Leuk Res. 25:1051–1057. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Niitsu N and Iijima K: High serum soluble CD44 is correlated with a poor outcome of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Leuk Res. 26:241–248. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Aruffo A, Stamenkovic I, Melnick M, Underhill CB and Seed B: CD44 is the principal cell surface receptor for hyaluronate. Cell. 61:1303–1313. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Bourguignon LY, Zhu H, Shao L, Zhu D and Chen YW: Rho-kinase (ROK) promotes CD44v3, 8–10-ankyrin interaction and tumor cell migration in metastatic breast cancer cells. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 43:269–287. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Khaldoyanidi SK, Goncharova V, Mueller B and Schraufstatter IU: Hyaluronan in the healthy and malignant hematopoietic microenvironment. Adv Cancer Res. 123:149–189. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Kuhn NZ and Tuan RS: Regulation of stemness and stem cell niche of mesenchy-mal stem cells: Implications in tumorigenesis and metastasis. J Cell Physiol. 222:268–277. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Van Rhenen A, Moshaver B, Kelder A, Feller N, Nieuwint AW, Zweegman S, Ossenkoppele GJ and Schuurhuis GJ: Aberrant marker expression patterns on the CD34+CD38-stem cell compartment in acute myeloid leukemia allows to distinguish the malignant from the normal stem cell compartment both at diagnosis and in remission. Leukemia. 21:1700–1707. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Zhang B, Ho YW, Huang Q, Maeda T, Lin A, Lee SU, Hair A, Holyoake TL, Huettner C and Bhatia R: Altered microenvironmental regulation of leukemic and normal stem cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Cancer Cell. 21:577–592. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Maksym RB, Tarnowski M, Grymula K, Tarnowska J, Wysoczynski M, Liu R, Czerny B, Ratajczak J, Kucia M and Ratajczak MZ: The role of stromal-derived factor-1-CXCR7 axis in development and cancer. Eur J Pharmacol. 625:31–40. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Tsiftsoglou AS, Bonovolias ID and Tsiftsoglou SA: Multilevel targeting of hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal, differentiation and apoptosis for leukemia therapy. Pharmacol Ther. 122:264–280. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Fouillard L, Francois S, Bouchet S, Bensidhoum M, Elm'selmi A and Chapel A: Innovative cell therapy in the treatment of serious adverse events related to both chemo-radiotherapy protocol and acute myeloid leukemia syndrome: The infusion of mesenchymal stem cells post-treatment reduces hematopoietic toxicity and promotes hematopoietic reconstitution. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 14:842–848. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Lapalombella R: Interleukin-6 in CLL: Accelerator or brake? Blood. 126:697–698. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Jafarzadeh N, Safari Z, Pornour M, Amirizadeh N, Forouzandeh Moghadam M and Sadeghizadeh M: Alteration of cellular and immune-related properties of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages by K562 chronic myeloid leukemia cell derived exosomes. J Cell Physiol. 234:3697–3710. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Zhang X, Tu H, Yang Y, Wan Q, Fang L, Wu Q and Li J: High IL-7 levels in the bone marrow microenvironment mediate imatinib resistance and predict disease progression in chronic myeloid leukemia. Int J Hematol. 104:358–367. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Supper E, Tahir S, Imai T, Inoue J and Minato N: Modification of gene expression, proliferation, and function of OP9 Stroma cells by Bcr-Abl-expressing leukemia cells. PLoS One. 10:e01340262015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Wetzler M, Talpaz M, Lowe DG, Baiocchi G, Gutterman JU and Kurzrock R: Constitutive expression of leukemia inhibitory factor RNA by human bone marrow stromal cells and modulation by IL-1, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta. Exp Hematol. 19:347–351. 1991.PubMed/NCBI

29 

Chakravarti S, Stallings RL, Sundarraj N, Cornuet PK and Hassell JR: Primary structure of human lumican (Keratan Sulfate Proteoglycan) and localization of the gene (LUM) to chromosome 12q21.3-q22. Genomics. 27:481–488. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Jeanne A, Untereiner V, Perreau C, Proult I, Gobinet C, Boulagnon-Rombi C, Terryn C, Martiny L, Brézillon S and Dedieu S: Lumican delays melanoma growth in mice and drives tumor molecular assembly as well as response to matrix-targeted TAX2 therapeutic peptide. Sci Rep. 7:77002017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Karamanou K, Franchi M, Piperigkou Z, Perreau C, Maquart FX, Vynios DH and Brézillon S: Lumican effectively regulates the estrogen receptors-associated functional properties of breast cancer cells, expression of matrix effectors and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Sci Rep. 7:451382017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

de Wit M, Carvalho B, Delis-van Diemen PM, van Alphen C, Beliën JAM, Meijer GA and Fijneman RJA: Lumican and versican protein expression are associated with colorectal adenoma-to-carcinoma progression. PLoS One. 12:e01747682017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Naito Z, Ishiwata T, Kurban G, Teduka K, Kawamoto Y, Kawahara K and Sugisaki Y: Expression and accumulation of lumican protein in uterine cervical cancer cells at the periphery of cancer nests. Int J Oncol. 20:943–948. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

34 

Li X, Kang Y, Roife D, Lee Y, Pratt M, Perez MR, Dai B, Koay EJ and Fleming JB: Prolonged exposure to extracellular lumican restrains pancreatic adenocarcinoma growth. Oncogene. 36:5432–5438. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Brézillon S, Venteo L, Ramont L, D'Onofrio MF, Perreau C, Pluot M, Maquart FX and Wegrowski Y: Expression of lumican, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan with antitumour activity, in human malignant melanoma. Clin Exp Dermatol. 32:405–416. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Vuillermoz B, Khoruzhenko A, D'Onofrio MF, Ramont L, Venteo L, Perreau C, Antonicelli F, Maquart FX and Wegrowski Y: The small leucine-rich proteoglycan lumican inhibits melanoma progression. Exp Cell Res. 296:294–306. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Zéltz C, Brézillon S, Käpylä J, Eble JA, Bobichon H, Terryn C, Perreau C, Franz CM, Heino J, Maquart FX and Wegrowski Y: Lumican inhibits cell migration through α2β1 integrin. Exp Cell Res. 316:2922–2931. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Brézillon S, Radwanska A, Zeltz C, Malkowski A, Ploton D, Bobichon H, Perreau C, Malicka-Blaszkiewicz M, Maquart FX and Wegrowski Y: Lumican core protein inhibits melanoma cell migration via alterations of focal adhesion complexes. Cancer Lett. 283:92–100. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Li X, Truty MA, Kang Y, Chopin-Laly X, Zhang R, Roife D, Chatterjee D, Lin E, Thomas RM, Wang H, et al: Extracellular lumican inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth and is associated with prolonged survival after surgery. Clin Cancer Res. 20:6529–6540. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Wang Q, Villeneuve G and Wang Z: Control of epidermal growth factor receptor endocytosis by receptor dimerization, rather than receptor kinase activation. EMBO Rep. 6:942–948. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Balakrishnan S, Mukherjee S, Das S, Bhat FA, Raja Singh P, Patra CR and Arunakaran J: Gold nanoparticles-conjugated quercetin induces apoptosis via inhibition of EGFR/PI3K/Akt-mediated pathway in breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). Cell Biochem Funct. 35:217–231. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Niewiarowska J, Brézillon S, Sacewicz-Hofman I, Bednarek R, Maquart FX, Malinowski M, Wiktorska M, Wegrowski Y and Cierniewski CS: Lumican inhibits angiogenesis by interfering with α2β1 receptor activity and downregulating MMP-14 expression. Thromb Res. 128:452–457. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yu Z, Liu L, Shu Q, Li D and Wang R: Leukemia stem cells promote chemoresistance by inducing downregulation of lumican in mesenchymal stem cells. Oncol Lett 18: 4317-4327, 2019.
APA
Yu, Z., Liu, L., Shu, Q., Li, D., & Wang, R. (2019). Leukemia stem cells promote chemoresistance by inducing downregulation of lumican in mesenchymal stem cells. Oncology Letters, 18, 4317-4327. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10767
MLA
Yu, Z., Liu, L., Shu, Q., Li, D., Wang, R."Leukemia stem cells promote chemoresistance by inducing downregulation of lumican in mesenchymal stem cells". Oncology Letters 18.4 (2019): 4317-4327.
Chicago
Yu, Z., Liu, L., Shu, Q., Li, D., Wang, R."Leukemia stem cells promote chemoresistance by inducing downregulation of lumican in mesenchymal stem cells". Oncology Letters 18, no. 4 (2019): 4317-4327. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10767
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yu Z, Liu L, Shu Q, Li D and Wang R: Leukemia stem cells promote chemoresistance by inducing downregulation of lumican in mesenchymal stem cells. Oncol Lett 18: 4317-4327, 2019.
APA
Yu, Z., Liu, L., Shu, Q., Li, D., & Wang, R. (2019). Leukemia stem cells promote chemoresistance by inducing downregulation of lumican in mesenchymal stem cells. Oncology Letters, 18, 4317-4327. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10767
MLA
Yu, Z., Liu, L., Shu, Q., Li, D., Wang, R."Leukemia stem cells promote chemoresistance by inducing downregulation of lumican in mesenchymal stem cells". Oncology Letters 18.4 (2019): 4317-4327.
Chicago
Yu, Z., Liu, L., Shu, Q., Li, D., Wang, R."Leukemia stem cells promote chemoresistance by inducing downregulation of lumican in mesenchymal stem cells". Oncology Letters 18, no. 4 (2019): 4317-4327. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10767
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team