Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
February-2020 Volume 19 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February-2020 Volume 19 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

PD‑L1 gene promoter methylation represents a potential diagnostic marker in advanced gastric cancer

  • Authors:
    • Dan Lv
    • Chengjuan Xing
    • Lin Cao
    • Yuejian Zhuo
    • Tao Wu
    • Na Gao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Lv et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1223-1234
    |
    Published online on: December 16, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.11221
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide. Immunological checkpoint inhibitors of the programmed death 1 (PD‑1)/programmed cell death‑ligand 1 (PD‑L1) signaling pathway are effective in the treatment of various malignant tumor types, but the potential of such immunotherapeutic techniques for the treatment of gastric cancer is yet to be elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the methylation of the PD‑L1 gene promoter and its clinical significance in advanced gastric cancer, as this may suggest the use of PD‑L1 promoter methylation as a novel biomarker for gastric cancer progression. In a total of 70 samples, the methylation rate of the PD‑L1 gene promoter region was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent tissues. A high level of PD‑L1 promoter methylation was associated with lymph node staging, and resulted in poorer prognoses in patients with advanced gastric cancer. A total of 26 patients exhibited highly methylated PD‑L1; in this group, the median progression‑free survival time of patients receiving platinum/fluorouracil chemotherapy was 4.2 months longer than those receiving paclitaxel/fluorouracil chemotherapy, and the risk of disease progression in patients receiving paclitaxel/fluorouracil chemotherapy was 5.009 times higher compared with patients who received platinum/fluorouracil chemotherapy. Additionally, PD‑L1 promoter methylation was significantly correlated with PD‑L1 expression, and the progression of advanced gastric cancer. In conclusion, high methylation levels of the PD‑L1 promoter region may be a faciliatory mechanism enabling gastric cancer tumorigenesis, and may also represent an independent prognostic factor for chemotherapeutic efficacy in patients with advanced gastric cancer.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 68:394–424. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Meyer HJ and Wilke H: Treatment strategies in gastric cancer. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 108:698–706. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

3 

Shitara K: Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer: Future perspective in Japan. Gastric Cancer. 20 (Suppl 1):S102–S110. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Herman JG and Baylin SB: Gene silencing in cancer in association with promoter hypermethylation. N Engl J Med. 349:2042–2054. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Wilson AS, Power BE and Molloy PL: DNA hypomethylation and human diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1775:138–162. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Nandakumar V, Vaid M and Katiyar SK: (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate reactivates silenced tumor suppressor genes, Cip1/p21 and p16INK4a, by reducing DNA methylation and increasing histones acetylation in human skin cancer cells. Carcinogenesis. 32:537–544. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Farias N, Ho N, Butler S, Delaney L, Morrison J, Shahrzad S and Coomber BL: The effects of folic acid on global DNA methylation and colonosphere formation in colon cancer cell lines. J Nutr Biochem. 26:818–826. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Pan Y, Liu G, Zhou F, Su B and Li Y: DNA methylation profiles in cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. Clin Exp Med. 18:1–14. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Constantinidou A, Alifieris C and Trafalis DT: Targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and ligand (PD-L1): A new era in cancer active immunotherapy. Pharmacol Ther. 194:84–106. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Zhang J, Dang F, Ren J and Wei W: Biochemical aspects of PD-L1 regulation in cancer immunotherapy. Trends Biochem Sci. 43:1014–1032. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Pilon-Thomas S, Mackay A, Vohra N and Mulé JJ: Blockade of programmed death ligand 1 enhances the therapeutic efficacy of combination immunotherapy against melanoma. J Immunol. 184:3442–3449. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Rizvi NA, Hellmann MD, Brahmer JR, Juergens RA, Borghaei H, Gettinger S, Chow LQ, Gerber DE, Laurie SA, Goldman JW, et al: Nivolumab in combination with platinum-based doublet chemotherapy for first-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 34:2969–2979. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Wang Y, Wu L, Tian C and Zhang Y: PD-1-PD-L1 immune-checkpoint blockade in malignant lymphomas. Ann Hematol. 97:229–237. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Fromowitz FB, Viola MV, Chao S, Oravez S, Mishriki Y, Finkel G, Grimson R and Lundy J: Ras p21 expression in the progression of breast cancer. Hum Pathol. 18:1268–1275. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Samadani AA, Noroollahi SE, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Rashidy-Pour A, Joukar F and Bandegi AR: Fluctuations of epigenetic regulations in human gastric Adenocarcinoma: How does it affect? Biomed Pharmacother. 109:144–156. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Li Y, Liang J and Hou P: Hypermethylation in gastric cancer. Clin Chim Acta. 448:124–132. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Dong H, Strome SE, Salomao DR, Tamura H, Hirano F, Flies DB, Roche PC, Lu J, Zhu G, Tamada K, et al: Tumor-associated B7-H1 promotes T-cell apoptosis: A potential mechanism of immune evasion. Nat Med. 8:793–800. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Passiglia F, Bronte G, Bazan V, Natoli C, Rizzo S, Galvano A, Listì A, Cicero G, Rolfo C, Santini D and Russo A: PD-L1 expression as predictive biomarker in patients with NSCLC: A pooled analysis. Oncotarget. 7:19738–19747. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Koganemaru S, Inoshita N, Miura Y, Miyama Y, Fukui Y, Ozaki Y, Tomizawa K, Hanaoka Y, Toda S, Suyama K, et al: Prognostic value of programmed death-ligand 1 expression in patients with stage III colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci. 108:853–858. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Wang C, Zhu H, Zhou Y, Mao F, Lin Y, Pan B, Zhang X, Xu Q, Huang X and Sun Q: Prognostic value of PD-L1 in breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Breast J. 23:436–443. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Drakes ML, Mehrotra S, Aldulescu M, Potkul RK, Liu Y, Grisoli A, Joyce C, O'Brien TE, Stack MS and Stiff PJ: Stratification of ovarian tumor pathology by expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res. 11:432018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Hino R, Kabashima K, Kato Y, Yagi H, Nakamura M, Honjo T, Okazaki T and Tokura Y: Tumor cell expression of programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 is a prognostic factor for malignant melanoma. Cancer. 116:1757–1766. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Larsen SK: Cellular immune responses towards regulatory cells. Dan Med J. 63:B51882016.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Sun J, Xu K, Wu C, Wang Y, Hu Y, Zhu Y, Chen Y, Shi Q, Yu G and Zhang X: PD-L1 expression analysis in gastric carcinoma tissue and blocking of tumor-associated PD-L1 signaling by two functional monoclonal antibodies. Tissue Antigens. 69:19–27. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Jiang D, Xu YY, Li F, Xu B and Zhang XG: The role of B7-H1 in gastric carcinoma: Clinical significance and related mechanism. Med Oncol. 31:2682014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Qing Y, Li Q, Ren T, Xia W, Peng Y, Liu GL, Luo H, Yang YX, Dai XY, Zhou SF and Wang D: Upregulation of PD-L1 and APE1 is associated with tumorigenesis and poor prognosis of gastric cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther. 9:901–909. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Kim JW, Nam KH, Ahn SH, Park DJ, Kim HH, Kim SH, Chang H, Lee JO, Kim YJ, Lee HS, et al: Prognostic implications of immunosuppressive protein expression in tumors as well as immune cell infiltration within the tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer. 19:42–52. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Gevensleben H, Holmes EE, Goltz D, Dietrich J, Sailer V, Ellinger J, Dietrich D and Kristiansen G: PD-L1 promoter methylation is a prognostic biomarker for biochemical recurrence-free survival in prostate cancer patients following radical prostatectomy. Oncotarget. 7:79943–79955. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Micevic G, Thakral D, McGeary M and Bosenberg M: PD-L1 methylation regulates PD-L1 expression and is associated with melanoma survival. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 32:435–440. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Asgarova A, Asgarov K, Godet Y, Peixoto P, Nadaradjane A, Boyer-Guittaut M, Galaine J, Guenat D, Mougey V, Perrard J, et al: PD-L1 expression is regulated by both DNA methylation and NF-kB during EMT signaling in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Oncoimmunology. 7:e14231702018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Goltz D, Gevensleben H, Dietrich J and Dietrich D: PD-L1 (CD274) promoter methylation predicts survival in colorectal cancer patients. Oncoimmunology. 6:e12574542016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Goltz D, Gevensleben H, Grünen S, Dietrich J, Kristiansen G, Landsberg J and Dietrich D: PD-L1 (CD274) promoter methylation predicts survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 31:738–743. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Wang FH, Shen L, Li J, Zhou ZW, Liang H, Zhang XT, Tang L, Xin Y, Jin J, Zhang YJ, et al: The Chinese society of clinical oncology (CSCO): Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond). 39:102019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Kim G, Kim J, Han SY, Hwang IG, Kim HS and Min H: The effects of BRCA1 expression on the chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells to platinum agents. Oncol Lett. 17:5023–5029. 2019.PubMed/NCBI

35 

Saal LH, Gruvberger-Saal SK, Persson C, Lövgren K, Jumppanen M, Staaf J, Jönsson G, Pires MM, Maurer M, Holm K, et al: Recurrent gross mutations of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene in breast cancers with deficient DSB repair. Nat Genet. 40:102–107. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Phuah SY, Looi LM, Hassan N, Rhodes A, Dean S, Taib NA, Yip CH and Teo SH: Triple-negative breast cancer and PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue) loss are predictors of BRCA1 germline mutations in women with early-onset and familial breast cancer, but not in women with isolated late-onset breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 14:R1422012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Mittendorf EA, Philips AV, Meric-Bernstam F, Qiao N, Wu Y, Harrington S, Su X, Wang Y, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Akcakanat A, et al: PD-L1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Res. 2:361–370. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Song M, Chen D, Lu B, Wang C, Zhang J, Huang L, Wang X, Timmons CL, Hu J, Liu B, et al: PTEN loss increases PD-L1 protein expression and affects the correlation between PD-L1 expression and clinical parameters in colorectal cancer. PLoS One. 8:e658212013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Zhou Q, Munger ME, Highfill SL, Tolar J, Weigel BJ, Riddle M, Sharpe AH, Vallera DA, Azuma M, Levine BL, et al: Program death-1 signaling and regulatory T cells collaborate to resist the function of adoptively transferred cytotoxic T lymphocytes in advanced acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 116:2484–2493. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Brahmer JR, Tykodi SS, Chow LQ, Hwu WJ, Topalian SL, Hwu P, Drake CG, Camacho LH, Kauh J, Odunsi K, et al: Safety and activity of anti-PD-L1 antibody in patients with advanced cancer. N Engl J Med. 366:2455–2465. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Bang YJ, Kang YK, Catenacci DV, Muro K, Fuchs CS, Geva R, Hara H, Golan T, Garrido M, Jalal SI, et al: Pembrolizumab alone or in combination with chemotherapy as first-line therapy for patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: Results from the phase II nonrandomized KEYNOTE-059 study. Gastric Cancer. 22:828–837. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Fuchs CS, Doi T, Jang RW, Muro K, Satoh T, Machado M, Sun W, Jalal SI, Shah MA, Metges JP, et al: Safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with previously treated advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer: Phase 2 Clinical KEYNOTE-059 trial. JAMA Oncol. 4:e1800132018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lv D, Xing C, Cao L, Zhuo Y, Wu T and Gao N: PD‑L1 gene promoter methylation represents a potential diagnostic marker in advanced gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 19: 1223-1234, 2020.
APA
Lv, D., Xing, C., Cao, L., Zhuo, Y., Wu, T., & Gao, N. (2020). PD‑L1 gene promoter methylation represents a potential diagnostic marker in advanced gastric cancer. Oncology Letters, 19, 1223-1234. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.11221
MLA
Lv, D., Xing, C., Cao, L., Zhuo, Y., Wu, T., Gao, N."PD‑L1 gene promoter methylation represents a potential diagnostic marker in advanced gastric cancer". Oncology Letters 19.2 (2020): 1223-1234.
Chicago
Lv, D., Xing, C., Cao, L., Zhuo, Y., Wu, T., Gao, N."PD‑L1 gene promoter methylation represents a potential diagnostic marker in advanced gastric cancer". Oncology Letters 19, no. 2 (2020): 1223-1234. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.11221
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lv D, Xing C, Cao L, Zhuo Y, Wu T and Gao N: PD‑L1 gene promoter methylation represents a potential diagnostic marker in advanced gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 19: 1223-1234, 2020.
APA
Lv, D., Xing, C., Cao, L., Zhuo, Y., Wu, T., & Gao, N. (2020). PD‑L1 gene promoter methylation represents a potential diagnostic marker in advanced gastric cancer. Oncology Letters, 19, 1223-1234. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.11221
MLA
Lv, D., Xing, C., Cao, L., Zhuo, Y., Wu, T., Gao, N."PD‑L1 gene promoter methylation represents a potential diagnostic marker in advanced gastric cancer". Oncology Letters 19.2 (2020): 1223-1234.
Chicago
Lv, D., Xing, C., Cao, L., Zhuo, Y., Wu, T., Gao, N."PD‑L1 gene promoter methylation represents a potential diagnostic marker in advanced gastric cancer". Oncology Letters 19, no. 2 (2020): 1223-1234. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.11221
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team