Open Access

Interferon‑β sensitizes human glioblastoma cells to the cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor, TG02

  • Authors:
    • Birthe Lohmann
    • Emilie Le Rhun
    • Manuela Silginer
    • Mirka Epskamp
    • Michael Weller
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: January 30, 2020     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11362
  • Pages: 2649-2656
  • Copyright: © Lohmann et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Novel treatments for glioblastoma, the most common malignant primary brain tumor, are urgently required. Type I interferons (IFN) are natural cytokines primarily involved in the defense against viral infections, which may also serve a role in the control of cancer, notably in the suppression of the cancer stem cell phenotype. TG02 is a novel orally available cyclin‑dependent kinase 9 inhibitor which induces glioma cell apoptosis without profound caspase activation, which is currently explored in early clinical trials in newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma. In the present study, human glioma‑initiating cell line models were used to explore whether IFN‑β modulates the anti‑glioma activity of TG02. The present study employed immunoblotting to assess protein levels, several viability assays and gene silencing strategies to assess gene function. Pre‑exposure to IFN‑β sensitized human glioma models to a subsequent exposure to TG02. Combination treatment was associated with increased DEVD‑amc cleaving caspase activity that was blocked by the anti‑apoptotic protein, BCL2. However, BCL2 did not protect from the synergistic effects of IFN and TG02 on glioma cell growth. Furthermore, although IFN strongly induced pro‑apoptotic XIAP‑associated factor (XAF) expression, disrupting XAF expression did not abrogate the synergy with TG02. Consistent with that, caspase 3 gene silencing did not abrogate the effects of TG02 or IFN‑β alone or in combination. Finally, it was observed that IFN‑β may indeed modulate the effects of TG02 upstream in the signaling cascade since inhibition of RNA polymerase II phosphorylation, a direct readout of the pharmacodynamic activity of TG02, was facilitated when glioma cells were pre‑exposed to IFN‑β. In summary, these data suggest that type I IFN may be combined with TG02 to limit glioblastoma growth, but that the well characterized effects of IFN and TG02 on apoptotic signaling are dispensable for synergistic tumor growth inhibition. Instead, exploring how IFN signaling primes glioma cells for TG02‑mediated direct target inhibition may help to design novel and effective pharmacological approaches to glioblastoma.
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April-2020
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Spandidos Publications style
Lohmann B, Le Rhun E, Silginer M, Epskamp M and Weller M: Interferon‑β sensitizes human glioblastoma cells to the cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor, TG02. Oncol Lett 19: 2649-2656, 2020
APA
Lohmann, B., Le Rhun, E., Silginer, M., Epskamp, M., & Weller, M. (2020). Interferon‑β sensitizes human glioblastoma cells to the cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor, TG02. Oncology Letters, 19, 2649-2656. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11362
MLA
Lohmann, B., Le Rhun, E., Silginer, M., Epskamp, M., Weller, M."Interferon‑β sensitizes human glioblastoma cells to the cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor, TG02". Oncology Letters 19.4 (2020): 2649-2656.
Chicago
Lohmann, B., Le Rhun, E., Silginer, M., Epskamp, M., Weller, M."Interferon‑β sensitizes human glioblastoma cells to the cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor, TG02". Oncology Letters 19, no. 4 (2020): 2649-2656. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11362