Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
July-2020 Volume 20 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2020 Volume 20 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

SPAG6 silencing induces autophagic cell death in SKM‑1 cells via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway

  • Authors:
    • Meng Zhang
    • Jie Luo
    • Xiaohua Luo
    • Lin Liu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 551-560
    |
    Published online on: May 13, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11607
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

As a member of the cancer‑testis antigen family, sperm‑associated antigen 6 (SPAG6) has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Previous studies have demonstrated that SPAG6 is upregulated in bone marrow from patients with MDS and MDS‑transformed acute myeloid leukemia and that knockdown of SPAG6 expression levels suppressed proliferation and promote apoptosis and differentiation in SKM‑1 cells. However, the association between SPAG6 and autophagy in SKM‑1 cells remains unclear. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate this association and its underlying mechanism. The present study used a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentivirus to silence SPAG6 expression levels in SKM‑1 cells and demonstrated that SPAG6 knockdown increased autophagy and apoptosis. Furthermore, pharmacologically inhibiting autophagy with chloroquine and 3‑methyladenine decreased SPAG6 knockdown‑mediated apoptosis, indicating that SPAG6 knockdown‑mediated autophagy promoted apoptosis in SKM‑1 cells. Additionally, compared with the expression levels in negative control‑shRNA lentivirus‑transfected SKM‑1 cells, the protein expression levels of phosphorylated AMP‑activated protein kinase (p‑AMPK) and phosphorylated unc‑51‑like autophagy activating kinase 1 (p‑ULK1) were upregulated, while phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p‑mTOR) protein expression was downregulated in SPAG6‑shRNA lentivirus‑transfected cells. Moreover, inhibiting AMPK expression levels with Compound C, a specific inhibitor of AMPK, attenuated SPAG6 knockdown‑induced autophagy and apoptosis, suggesting that AMPK‑mediated autophagy enhanced the pro‑apoptotic effect of SPAG6 knockdown in SKM‑1 cells. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated that SPAG6 silencing triggered autophagy via regulation of the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway, which further contributed to the apoptosis of SKM‑1 cells induced by SPAG6 knockdown. Thus, the current results indicate that SPAG6 may be a potential therapeutic target against MDS, and that autophagy may represent a potential mechanism for the treatment of MDS.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Corey SJ, Minden MD, Barber DL, Kantarjian H, Wang JC and Schimmer AD: Myelodysplastic syndromes: The complexity of stem-cell diseases. Nat Rev Cancer. 7:118–129. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Greenberg PL, Stone RM, Al-Kali A, Barta SK, Bejar R, Bennett JM, Carraway H, De Castro CM, Deeg HJ, DeZern AE, et al: Myelodysplastic syndromes, Version 2.2017, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 15:60–87. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Saber W, Cutler CS, Nakamura R, Zhang MJ, Atallah E, Rizzo JD, Maziarz RT, Cortes J, Kalaycio ME and Horowitz MM: Impact of donor source on hematopoietic cell transplantation outcomes for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Blood. 122:1974–1982. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Sapiro R, Kostetskii I, Olds-Clarke P, Gerton GL, Radice GL and Strauss III JF: Male infertility, impaired sperm motility, and hydrocephalus in mice deficient in sperm-associated antigen 6. Mol Cell Biol. 22:6298–6305. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Siliņa K, Zayakin P, Kalniņa Z, Ivanova L, Meistere I, Endzeliņš E, Abols A, Stengrēvics A, Leja M, Ducena K, et al: Sperm-associated antigens as targets for cancer immunotherapy: Expression pattern and humoral immune response in cancer patients. J Immunother. 34:28–44. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Steinbach D, Schramm A, Eggert A, Onda M, Dawczynski K, Rump A, Pastan I, Wittig S, Pfaffendorf N, Voigt A, et al: Identification of a set of seven genes for the monitoring of minimal residual disease in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Cancer Res. 12:2434–2441. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Jiang M, Chen Y, Deng L, Luo X, Wang L and Liu L: Upregulation of SPAG6 in myelodysplastic syndrome: Knockdown inhibits cell proliferation via AKT/FOXO signaling pathway. DNA Cell Biol. 38:476–484. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Nakagawa T, Matozaki S, Murayama T, Nishimura R, Tsutsumi M, Kawaguchi R, Yokoyama Y, Hikiji K, Isobe T and Chihara K: Establishment of a leukaemic cell line from a patient with acquisition of chromosomal abnormalities during disease progression in myelodysplastic syndrome. Br J Haematol. 85:469–476. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Yang B, Wang L, Luo X, Chen L, Yang Z and Liu L: SPAG6 silencing inhibits the growth of the malignant myeloid cell lines SKM-1 and K562 via activating p53 and caspase activation-dependent apoptosis. Int J Oncol. 46:649–656. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Li X, Yang B, Wang L, Chen L, Luo X and Liu L: SPAG6 regulates cell apoptosis through the TRAIL signal pathway in myelodysplastic syndromes. Oncol Rep. 37:2839–2846. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Yin J, Li X, Zhang Z, Luo X, Wang L and Liu L: SPAG6 silencing induces apoptosis in the myelodysplastic syndrome cell line SKM-1 via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol. 53:297–306. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

12 

White E and DiPaola RS: The double-edged sword of autophagy modulation in cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 15:5308–5316. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Mortensen M, Ferguson DJ, Edelmann M, Kessler B, Morten KJ, Komatsu M and Simon AK: Loss of autophagy in erythroid cells leads to defective removal of mitochondria and severe anemia in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107:832–837. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Watson AS, Mortensen M and Simon AK: Autophagy in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Cycle. 10:1719–1725. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Mortensen M, Watson AS and Simon AK: Lack of autophagy in the hematopoietic system leads to loss of hematopoietic stem cell function and dysregulated myeloid proliferation. Autophagy. 7:1069–1070. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Ali AM and Raza A: Two different ‘tales’ of ATG7: Clinical relevance to myelodysplastic syndromes. Mol Cell Oncol. 3:e12126862016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Jiang H, Yang L, Guo L, Cui N, Zhang G, Liu C, Xing L, Shao Z and Wang H: Impaired mitophagy of nucleated erythroid cells leads to anemia in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018:63280512018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Jacquel A, Luciano F, Robert G and Auberger P: Implication and regulation of AMPK during physiological and pathological myeloid differentiation. Int J Mol Sci. 19:E29912018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Zhao M and Klionsky DJ: AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of ULK1 induces autophagy. Cell Metab. 13:119–120. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Nieminen AI, Eskelinen VM, Haikala HM, Tervonen TA, Yan Y, Partanen JI and Klefstrom J: Myc-induced AMPK-phospho p53 pathway activates Bak to sensitize mitochondrial apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 110:E1839–E1848. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Klionsky DJ, Abdelmohsen K, Abe A, Abedin MJ, Abeliovich H, Acevedo Arozena A, Adachi H, Adams CM, Adams PD, Adeli K, et al: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition). Autophagy. 12:1–222. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Yim NH, Hwang YH, Liang C and Ma JY: A platycoside-rich fraction from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum enhances cell death in A549 human lung carcinoma cells via mainly AMPK/mTOR/AKT signal-mediated autophagy induction. J Ethnopharmacol. 194:1060–1068. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Kim HI, Hong SH, Ku JM, Lim YS, Lee SJ, Song J, Kim TY, Cheon C and Ko SG: Scutellaria radix promotes apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells via induction of AMPK-Dependent autophagy. Am J Chin Med. 47:691–705. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Wu Y, Wang X, Guo H, Zhang B, Zhang XB, Shi ZJ and Yu L: Synthesis and screening of 3-MA derivatives for autophagy inhibitors. Autophagy. 9:595–603. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Yin H, Yang X, Gu W, Liu Y, Li X, Huang X, Zhu X, Tao Y, Gou X and He W: HMGB1-mediated autophagy attenuates gemcitabine-induced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells involving JNK and ERK activation. Oncotarget. 8:71642–71656. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Kim J, Kundu M, Viollet B and Guan KL: AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1. Nat Cell Biol. 13:132–141. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Xing JJ, Hou JG, Ma ZN, Wang Z, Ren S, Wang YP, Liu WC, Chen C and Li W: Ginsenoside Rb3 provides protective effects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via regulation of AMPK-/mTOR-mediated autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Cell Prolif. 52:e126272019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Sperling AS, Gibson CJ and Ebert BL: The genetics of myelodysplastic syndrome: From clonal haematopoiesis to secondary leukaemia. Nat Rev Cancer. 17:5–19. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Schanz J, Tuchler H, Sole F, Mallo M, Luno E, Cervera J, Granada I, Hildebrandt B, Slovak ML, Ohyashiki K, et al: New comprehensive cytogenetic scoring system for primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and oligoblastic acute myeloid leukemia after MDS derived from an international database merge. J Clin Oncol. 30:820–829. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Li F, Zeng J, Gao Y, Guan Z, Ma Z, Shi Q, Du C, Jia J, Xu S, Wang X, et al: G9a inhibition induces autophagic cell death via AMPK/mTOR pathway in bladder transitional cell carcinoma. PLoS One. 10:e01383902015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Mortensen M, Soilleux EJ, Djordjevic G, Tripp R, Lutteropp M, Sadighi-Akha E, Stranks AJ, Glanville J, Knight S, Jacobsen SE, et al: The autophagy protein Atg7 is essential for hematopoietic stem cell maintenance. J Exp Med. 208:455–467. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Hu X, Yan R, Cheng X, Song L, Zhang W, Li K and Zhao S: The function of sperm-associated antigen 6 in neuronal proliferation and differentiation. J Mol Histol. 47:531–540. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Li X, Xu L, Sun G, Wu X, Bai X, Li J, Strauss JF, Zhang Z and Wang H: Spag6 mutant mice have defects in development and function of spiral ganglion neurons, apoptosis, and higher sensitivity to paclitaxel. Sci Rep. 7:86382017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Maiuri MC, Criollo A and Kroemer G: Crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy within the Beclin 1 interactome. EMBO J. 29:515–516. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Zhuang L, Ma Y, Wang Q, Zhang J, Zhu C, Zhang L and Xu X: Atg3 overexpression enhances bortezomib-induced cell death in SKM-1 cell. PLoS One. 11:e01587612016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Romano A, Giallongo C, La Cava P, Parrinello NL, Chiechi A, Vetro C, Tibullo D, Di Raimondo F, Liotta LA, Espina V and Palumbo GA: Proteomic analysis reveals autophagy as pro-survival pathway elicited by long-term exposure with 5-azacitidine in high-risk myelodysplasia. Front Pharmacol. 8:2042017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Gao L, Wang Z, Lu D, Huang J, Liu J and Hong L: Paeonol induces cytoprotective autophagy via blocking the Akt/mTOR pathway in ovarian cancer cells. Cell Death Dis. 10:6092019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Maiuri MC, Zalckvar E, Kimchi A and Kroemer G: Self-eating and self-killing: Crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 8:741–752. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Martelli AM, Evangelisti C, Chappell W, Abrams SL, Basecke J, Stivala F, Donia M, Fagone P, Nicoletti F, Libra M, et al: Targeting the translational apparatus to improve leukemia therapy: Roles of the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway. Leukemia. 25:1064–1079. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Zeng J, Liu W, Fan YZ, He DL and Li L: PrLZ increases prostate cancer docetaxel resistance by inhibiting LKB1/AMPK-mediated autophagy. Theranostics. 8:109–123. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Li TT, Zhu D, Mou T, Guo Z, Pu JL, Chen QS, Wei XF and Wu ZJ: IL-37 induces autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Mol Immunol. 87:132–140. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Chan EY, Kir S and Tooze SA: siRNA screening of the kinome identifies ULK1 as a multidomain modulator of autophagy. J Biol Chem. 282:25464–25474. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Zheng Q, Zhao Y, Guo J, Zhao S, Fei C, Xiao C, Wu D, Wu L, Li X and Chang C: Iron overload promotes mitochondrial fragmentation in mesenchymal stromal cells from myelodysplastic syndrome patients through activation of the AMPK/MFF/Drp1 pathway. Cell Death Dis. 9:5152018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Basiorka AA, McGraw KL, Eksioglu EA, Chen X, Johnson J, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Irvine BA, Cluzeau T, Sallman DA, et al: The NLRP3 inflammasome functions as a driver of the myelodysplastic syndrome phenotype. Blood. 128:2960–2975. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Bullón P, Alcocer-Gómez E, Carrión AM, Marín-Aguilar F, Garrido-Maraver J, Román-Malo L, Ruiz-Cabello J, Culic O, Ryffel B, Apetoh L, et al: AMPK phosphorylation modulates pain by activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Antioxid Redox Signal. 24:157–170. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang M, Luo J, Luo X and Liu L: SPAG6 silencing induces autophagic cell death in SKM‑1 cells via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 20: 551-560, 2020.
APA
Zhang, M., Luo, J., Luo, X., & Liu, L. (2020). SPAG6 silencing induces autophagic cell death in SKM‑1 cells via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway. Oncology Letters, 20, 551-560. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11607
MLA
Zhang, M., Luo, J., Luo, X., Liu, L."SPAG6 silencing induces autophagic cell death in SKM‑1 cells via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway". Oncology Letters 20.1 (2020): 551-560.
Chicago
Zhang, M., Luo, J., Luo, X., Liu, L."SPAG6 silencing induces autophagic cell death in SKM‑1 cells via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway". Oncology Letters 20, no. 1 (2020): 551-560. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11607
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang M, Luo J, Luo X and Liu L: SPAG6 silencing induces autophagic cell death in SKM‑1 cells via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 20: 551-560, 2020.
APA
Zhang, M., Luo, J., Luo, X., & Liu, L. (2020). SPAG6 silencing induces autophagic cell death in SKM‑1 cells via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway. Oncology Letters, 20, 551-560. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11607
MLA
Zhang, M., Luo, J., Luo, X., Liu, L."SPAG6 silencing induces autophagic cell death in SKM‑1 cells via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway". Oncology Letters 20.1 (2020): 551-560.
Chicago
Zhang, M., Luo, J., Luo, X., Liu, L."SPAG6 silencing induces autophagic cell death in SKM‑1 cells via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway". Oncology Letters 20, no. 1 (2020): 551-560. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11607
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team